Bart D. Ehrman

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Bart D. Ehrman
Bart-d-ehrman-2012-wikipedia.jpg
Ehrman in 2012
Born
Bart Denton Ehrman

(1955-10-05) October 5, 1955 (age 68)
Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.
SpouseSarah Beckwith
Academic background
Education
Thesis The Gospel Text of Didymus (1985)
Doctoral advisor Bruce M. Metzger
Notable works
Website bartehrman.com OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg

Bart Denton Ehrman [lower-alpha 1] (born October 5, 1955) is an American New Testament scholar focusing on textual criticism of the New Testament, the historical Jesus, and the origins and development of early Christianity. He has written and edited 30 books, including three college textbooks. He has also authored six New York Times bestsellers. He is the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Contents

Biography

Early life

On October 5, 1955, Ehrman was born in Lawrence, Kansas, and subsequently grew up there before attending Lawrence High School, where he was on the state champion debate team in 1973. He began studying the Bible, biblical theology, and biblical languages at Moody Bible Institute, [2] where he earned the school's three-year diploma in 1976. [3] He earned his BA from Wheaton College in Illinois in 1978. He later earned an MDiv from Princeton Theological Seminary in 1981 and a PhD in 1985, where he studied textual criticism of the Bible, development of the New Testament canon and New Testament apocrypha under Bruce Metzger. Both the baccalaureate and doctorate were conferred magna cum laude . [4] [ failed verification ]

Career

Ehrman was raised in the Episcopal Church; as a teenager, he became a born-again evangelical. [2] [5] [6] In Misquoting Jesus , he recounts being certain in his youthful enthusiasm that God had inspired the wording of the Bible and protected its texts from all error. [2] [5] His desire to understand the original words of the Bible led him to study ancient languages, particularly Koine Greek, and textual criticism. During such studies at Princeton, however, he became convinced that there were contradictions and discrepancies in the biblical manuscripts that could not be harmonized or reconciled: [2]

I did my very best to hold on to my faith that the Bible was the inspired word of God with no mistakes and that lasted for about two years [...] I realized that at the time we had over 5,000 manuscripts of the New Testament, and no two of them are exactly alike. The scribes were changing them, sometimes in big ways, but lots of times in little ways. And it finally occurred to me that if I really thought that God had inspired this text [...] If he went to the trouble of inspiring the text, why didn't he go to the trouble of preserving the text? Why did he allow scribes to change it? [2]

In the preface to his 2020 book Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife, Ehrman said that he had been scared of going to Hell since he was a child and, when he began to encounter some doubts about his Christian beliefs at College, he became panicked that he might die before he had found the right beliefs, and be sent to Hell. [7]

He subsequently turned into a liberal Christian, remaining in the Episcopal Church for 15 years, but later became an agnostic atheist after struggling with the philosophical problems of evil and suffering. [2] [3] [8]

Works

Books

Ehrman has written widely on issues of the New Testament and early Christianity at both an academic and popular level, much of it based on textual criticism of the New Testament. His thirty books include three college textbooks and six New York Times bestsellers: Misquoting Jesus , [9] Jesus, Interrupted , [10] God's Problem, [11] Forged , [12] [13] How Jesus Became God , [14] and The Triumph of Christianity . [15] More than two million copies of his books have been sold, and his books have been translated into 27 languages. [16]

In Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium , Ehrman agrees with Albert Schweitzer's thesis that Jesus was a Jewish apocalyptic preacher and that his main message was that the end times were near, that God would shortly intervene to overthrow evil and establish his rule on Earth, and that Jesus and his disciples all believed these end time events would occur in their lifetimes. [17]

In Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code, Ehrman expands on his list of ten historical and factual inaccuracies in Dan Brown's novel, previously incorporated in Dan Burstein's Secrets of the Code. [18]

In Misquoting Jesus , Ehrman outlines the development of New Testament manuscripts and the process and cause of manuscript errors in the New Testament. [19] [20]

In Jesus, Interrupted , he describes the progress scholars have made in understanding the Bible over the past two hundred years and the results of their study, which are often unknown among the population at large. He highlights the diversity of views found in the New Testament, the existence of forged books in the New Testament which were written in the names of the apostles by Christian writers who lived decades later, and his belief that Christian doctrines such as the suffering Messiah, the divinity of Jesus, and the Trinity were later inventions. [21] [22] To date, he has changed his mind on several issues, most notably the divinity of Jesus in the Synoptic Gospels. [23] [24]

In Forged , Ehrman posits that some New Testament books are literary forgeries and shows how widely forgery was practiced by early Christian writers—and how it was condemned in the ancient world as fraudulent and illicit. [25] His scholarly book, Forgery and Counterforgery, is an advanced look at the practice of forgery in the New Testament and early Christian literature. It makes a case for considering falsely attributed or pseudepigraphic books in the New Testament and early Christian literature "forgery", looks at why certain New Testament and early Christian works are considered forged, and describes the broader phenomenon of pseudepigraphy in the Greco-Roman world. [26]

In 2012, Ehrman published Did Jesus Exist? The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth , defending the historical existence of Jesus of Nazareth in contrast to the mythicist theory that Jesus is an entirely fictitious being. [27]

The 2014 release of How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee examines the historical Jesus, who according to Ehrman neither thought of himself as God nor claimed to be God, and proffers how he came to be thought of as the incarnation of God himself. [28]

In Jesus Before the Gospels, he examines the early Christian oral tradition and its role in shaping the stories about Jesus that are encountered in the New Testament. [29]

The Triumph of Christianity: How a Forbidden Religion Swept the World notes that from the diversity of Christianity "throughout the first four Christian centuries," eventually only one form of Christianity, Nicene Christianity, became dominant under the rule of the Roman Emperor Constantine and his successors. [30]

Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife examines the historical development of the concepts of the afterlife throughout Greek, Jewish, and early Christian cultures, and how they eventually converged into the concepts of Heaven and Hell recognized by modern Christians. [31]

Courses (on DVD/CD)

Ehrman has released nine courses, consisting of 12 or 24 thirty-minute lectures through The Great Courses.[ citation needed ]

Reception

Ehrman has been the recipient of the 2009 J. W. Pope "Spirit of Inquiry" Teaching Award, the 1993 UNC Undergraduate Student Teaching Award, the 1994 Phillip and Ruth Hettleman Prize for Artistic and Scholarly Achievement, and the Bowman and Gordon Gray Award for excellence in teaching. [4]

Daniel Wallace has praised Ehrman as "one of North America's leading textual critics" and describes him as "one of the most brilliant and creative textual critics I have ever known". Wallace argues, however, that in Misquoting Jesus Ehrman sometimes "overstates his case by assuming that his view is certainly correct." For example, Wallace asserts that Ehrman himself acknowledges the vast majority of textual variants are minor, but his popular writing and speaking sometimes makes the sheer number of them appear to be a major problem for getting to the original New Testament text. [32]

Ehrman's The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings is widely used at American colleges and universities. [33] [34] The textbook holds to a traditional interpretation of the Gospel of Thomas in the context of second-century Christian Gnosticism, a view that has been criticized by Elaine Pagels. [35]

Andreas J. Köstenberger, Darrell L. Bock, and Josh D. Chatraw have disputed Ehrman's depiction of scholarly consensus, saying: "It is only by defining scholarship on his own terms and by excluding scholars who disagree with him that Ehrman is able to imply that he is supported by all other scholarship," [36] but Michael R. Licona, scholar and Christian apologist, notes that "his positions are those largely embraced by mainstream skeptical scholarship." [34]

Gary Kamiya states in Salon that "Ehrman's scholarly standing did not soothe the evangelical Christians who were outraged by Misquoting Jesus. Angered by what they took to be the book's subversive import, they attacked it as exaggerated, unfair and lacking a devotional tone. No fewer than three books were published in response to Ehrman's tome". [37] In 2014, Zondervan published How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature: A Response to Bart D. Ehrman as a planned companion volume to Ehrman's How Jesus Became God. The contributing authors—including Michael F. Bird, Craig A. Evans, and Simon Gathercole—present Ehrman as "prone to profound confusion, botched readings, and scholarly fictions." [38] Bird writes, "For conservative Christians, Ehrman is a bit of a bogeyman, the Prof. Moriarty of biblical studies, constantly pressing an attack on their long-held beliefs about God, Jesus, and the Bible.... For secularists, the emerging generation of 'nones' (who claim no religion, even if they are not committed to atheism or agnosticism), Ehrman is a godsend." [39]

Ehrman has participated in several debates on the topic of the historical reliability of the Gospels. This includes a 2014 debate with Protestant apologist [40] James White and a 2022 debate with Roman Catholic apologist Jimmy Akin. [41]

Personal life

Ehrman has been married twice and has two children from his first marriage. He is married to Sarah Beckwith, a professor of medieval literature at Duke University and an Episcopalian. [42] With the exception of sports broadcasting, Ehrman does not watch television, but reportedly does watch a classic Criterion Collection film with Beckwith on a weekly basis. [43]

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ Pronounced /ˈɜːrmən/ . [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gospel of Mark</span> Book of the New Testament

The Gospel of Mark is the second of the four canonical gospels and one of the three synoptic Gospels. It tells of the ministry of Jesus from his baptism by John the Baptist to his death, the burial of his body, and the discovery of his empty tomb. It portrays Jesus as a teacher, an exorcist, a healer, and a miracle worker, though it does not mention a miraculous birth or divine pre-existence. He refers to himself as the Son of Man. He is called the Son of God but keeps his messianic nature secret; even his disciples fail to understand him. All this is in keeping with the Christian interpretation of prophecy, which is believed to foretell the fate of the messiah as suffering servant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gospel of John</span> Book of the New Testament

The Gospel of John is the fourth of the four canonical gospels in the New Testament. It contains a highly schematic account of the ministry of Jesus, with seven "signs" culminating in the raising of Lazarus and seven "I am" discourses culminating in Thomas' proclamation of the risen Jesus as "my Lord and my God". The gospel's concluding verses set out its purpose, "that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name."

Gospel originally meant the Christian message, but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of Jesus, culminating in his trial and death and concluding with various reports of his post-resurrection appearances. Modern biblical scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later Christian authors.

The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events relating to first-century Christianity. The New Testament's background, the first division of the Christian Bible, is called the Old Testament, which is based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible; together they are regarded as sacred scripture by Christians.

Marcionism was an early Christian dualistic belief system that originated with the teachings of Marcion of Sinope in Rome around the year 144. Marcion was an early Christian theologian, evangelist, and an important figure in early Christianity. He was the son of a bishop of Sinope in Pontus. About the middle of the 2nd century (140–155) he traveled to Rome, where he joined the Syrian Gnostic Cerdo.

The term "historical Jesus" refers to the life and teachings of Jesus as interpreted through critical historical methods, in contrast to what are traditionally religious interpretations. It also considers the historical and cultural contexts in which Jesus lived. Virtually all scholars of antiquity accept that Jesus was a historical figure, and the idea that Jesus was a mythical figure has been consistently rejected by the scholarly consensus as a fringe theory. Scholars differ about the beliefs and teachings of Jesus as well as the accuracy of the biblical accounts, with only two events being supported by nearly universal scholarly consensus: Jesus was baptized and Jesus was crucified.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudepigrapha</span> Falsely attributed works

Pseudepigrapha are falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed author is not the true author, or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past. The name of the author to whom the work is falsely attributed is often prefixed with the particle "pseudo-", such as for example "pseudo-Aristotle" or "pseudo-Dionysius": these terms refer to the anonymous authors of works falsely attributed to Aristotle and Dionysius the Areopagite, respectively.

<i>Forged</i> (book) Book by Bart D. Ehrman

Forged: Writing in the Name of God – Why the Bible's Authors Are Not Who We Think They Are is a book by American New Testament scholar Bart D. Ehrman, published in 2011 by HarperCollins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christ myth theory</span> Fringe theory claiming that a historical Jesus did not exist

The Christ myth theory, also known as the Jesus myth theory, Jesus mythicism, or the Jesus ahistoricity theory, is the view that the story of Jesus is a work of mythology with no historical substance. Alternatively, in terms given by Bart Ehrman paraphrasing Earl Doherty, it is the view that "the historical Jesus did not exist. Or if he did, he had virtually nothing to do with the founding of Christianity."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Morton Smith</span> American historian and academic (1915–1991)

Morton Smith was an American professor of ancient history at Columbia University. He is best known for his reported discovery of the Mar Saba letter, a letter attributed to Clement of Alexandria containing excerpts from a Secret Gospel of Mark, during a visit to the monastery at Mar Saba in 1958. This letter fragment has had many names, from The Secret Gospel through The Mar Saba Fragment and the Theodoros.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal consistency of the Bible</span> Coherence and textual integrity

Disputes regarding the internal consistency and textual integrity of the Bible have a long history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel B. Wallace</span> American Bible scholar and academic

Daniel Baird Wallace is an American professor of New Testament Studies at Dallas Theological Seminary. He is also the founder and executive director of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, the purpose of which is digitizing all known Greek manuscripts of the New Testament via digital photographs.

<i>Misquoting Jesus</i> Book by Bart D. Ehrman

Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why is a book by Bart D. Ehrman, a New Testament scholar at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Published in 2005 by HarperCollins, the book introduces lay readers to the field of textual criticism of the Bible. Ehrman discusses a number of textual variants that resulted from intentional or accidental manuscript changes during the scriptorium era. The book made it to The New York Times Best Seller List.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acts of the Apostles (genre)</span> Genre of early Christian texts

The Acts of the Apostles is a genre of early Christian literature, recounting the lives and works of the apostles of Jesus. The Acts are important for many reasons, one of them being the concept of apostolic succession. They also provide insight into the valuation of "missionary activities among the exotic races," since some of them feature missionary work done among, for instance, the Cynocephaly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael R. Licona</span> American historian

Michael R. "Mike" Licona is an American New Testament scholar, author, and Christian apologist. He is Professor of New Testament Studies at Houston Christian University, Extraordinary Associate Professor of Theology at North-West University and the director of Risen Jesus, Inc. Licona specializes in the resurrection of Jesus, and in the literary analysis of the Gospels as Greco-Roman biographies.

<i>Jesus, Interrupted</i> Book by Bart D. Ehrman

Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible is a book by Bart D. Ehrman, a New Testament scholar at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Published by HarperCollins in March 2009, the work includes a narrative of Ehrman's own progression in Biblical studies and beliefs, an overview of the issues raised by scholarly analysis of the Bible, details of a selection of findings from such analysis, and an exhortation regarding the importance of coming to understand the Bible more fully.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christianity in the 1st century</span> Christianity-related events during the 1st century

Christianity in the 1st century covers the formative history of Christianity from the start of the ministry of Jesus to the death of the last of the Twelve Apostles and is thus also known as the Apostolic Age. Early Christianity developed out of the eschatological ministry of Jesus. Subsequent to Jesus' death, his earliest followers formed an apocalyptic messianic Jewish sect during the late Second Temple period of the 1st century. Initially believing that Jesus' resurrection was the start of the end time, their beliefs soon changed in the expected Second Coming of Jesus and the start of God's Kingdom at a later point in time.

The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not found a complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events which may meet one or more of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diversity in early Christian theology</span>

Traditionally in Christianity, orthodoxy and heresy have been viewed in relation to the "orthodoxy" as an authentic lineage of tradition. Other forms of Christianity were viewed as deviant streams of thought and therefore "heterodox", or heretical. This view was challenged by the publication of Walter Bauer's Rechtgläubigkeit und Ketzerei im ältesten Christentum in 1934. Bauer endeavored to rethink Early Christianity historically, independent from the views of the current church. He stated that the 2nd-century church was very diverse and included many "heretical" groups that had an equal claim to apostolic tradition. Bauer interpreted the struggle between the orthodox and heterodox to be the "mainstream" Church of Rome struggling to attain dominance. He presented Edessa and Egypt as places where the "orthodoxy" of Rome had little influence during the 2nd century. As he saw it, the theological thought of the "Orient" at the time would later be labeled "heresy". The response by modern scholars has been mixed. Some scholars clearly support Bauer's conclusions and others express concerns about his "attacking [of] orthodox sources with inquisitional zeal and exploiting to a nearly absurd extent the argument from silence." However, modern scholars have critiqued and updated Bauer's model.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oral gospel traditions</span> Oral stage in the formation of the gospels

Oral gospel traditions is the hypothetical first stage in the formation of the written gospels as information was passed by word of mouth. These oral traditions included different types of stories about Jesus. For example, people told anecdotes about Jesus healing the sick and debating with his opponents. The traditions also included sayings attributed to Jesus, such as parables and teachings on various subjects which, along with other sayings, formed the oral gospel tradition. The supposition of such traditions have been the focus of scholars such as Bart Ehrman, James Dunn, and Richard Bauckham, although each scholar varies widely in his conclusions, with Ehrman and Bauckham publicly debating on the subject.

References

  1. ↑ "Interview with Dr. Bart Ehrman (Jesus Mythicism, Jesus' Resurrection, Jesus in the Quran)"
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kinlaw, Robert; Stasio, Frank (March 5, 2018). "The Sunday School Teacher Turned Skeptic: Meet Bart Ehrman". WUNC News . Chapel Hill, North Carolina . Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  3. 1 2 Ehrman, Bart D. Misquoting Jesus , HarperSanFrancisco. 2005. ISBN   0-06-073817-0
  4. 1 2 "Bart D Ehrman – Biography". Bart D Ehrman. 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  5. 1 2 Shanks, Hershel, ed. (April 2007). "Losing Faith: Who Did and Who Didn't – How Scholarship Affects Scholars". Biblical Archaeology Review . 33 (2). Biblical Archaeology Society. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Denver Seminary > Articles > Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why". April 25, 2009. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2021.
  7. ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (2020). Heaven and Hell: A History of the Afterlife. Simon & Schuster. pp. xv–xxiii. ISBN   978-1-5011-3673-3 . Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  8. ↑ Bart Erhman. "Freedom From Religion Foundation".
  9. ↑ Dwight Garner (April 2, 2006). "Inside the List: The Agnostic". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  10. ↑ Jennifer Schuessler (March 19, 2009). "Inside the List: Honest to Jesus". The New York Times. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  11. ↑ "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction (March 9, 2008)". The New York Times. March 9, 2008. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  12. ↑ "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction: Sunday, April 10th 2011". The New York Times. April 10, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  13. ↑ "Bart D Ehrman Professional Website".
  14. ↑ Cowles, Gregory (April 13, 2014). "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction (April 13, 2014)". The New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Best Sellers: Hardcover Nonfiction (April 8, 2018)". The New York Times. April 8, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Bart D. Ehrman (Fellow)". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  17. ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. New York: Oxford University Press. p.  3. ISBN   0195124731.
  18. ↑ Truth and Fiction in The Da Vinci Code: A Historian Reveals What We Really Know about Jesus, Mary Magdalene, and Constantine. Oxford University Press. p. xiii.
  19. ↑ Garner, Dwight (April 2, 2006). "Inside the List". The New York Times . Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  20. ↑ Gross, Terry. "Bart Ehrman's 'Misquoting Jesus'". NPR. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  21. ↑ Barlow, Rich (May 6, 2009). "Book review: Turning a critical eye to the Bible". Boston Globe. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
  22. ↑ Blake, John (May 15, 2009). "Former fundamentalist 'debunks' Bible". CNN. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Jesus as Divine in the Synoptics".
  24. ↑ "Jesus as God in the Synoptics".
  25. ↑ "Half of New Testament forged, Bible scholar says". CNN. May 13, 2011. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2011. CNN book review article summarizing Ehrman's claim that much of the New Testament was written as a forgery.
  26. ↑ Forgery and Counterforgery. The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. Oxford University Press. December 14, 2012. ISBN   978-0-19-992803-3 . Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  27. ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (March 20, 2013). "Did Jesus Exist?". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on July 3, 2016. Retrieved April 8, 2014.
  28. ↑ "How Jesus Became God". NPR.com. NPR. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  29. ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. "Jesus Before the Gospels". HarperCollins US. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  30. ↑ Ehrman, Bart D. (2018). The Triumph of Christianity: How a Forbidden Religion Swept the World. Simon & Schuster. pp. 128, 309, n. 39. ISBN   978-1-5011-3672-6. Christianity was an amazingly diverse phenomenon throughout the first four Christian centuries, with different Christians advocating an enormous range of beliefs and engaging in strikingly different practices. This has been the subject of a large number of books in modern times, especially over the past forty years.
  31. ↑ Denova, Rebecca (April 5, 2020). "When the devil isn't anywhere in the details". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. p. E-5. Retrieved February 21, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ Daniel B. Wallace, "The Gospel According to Bart: A Review Article of Misquoting Jesus by Bart Ehrman," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 49/2 (June 2006) 327–49.
  33. ↑ Kirk, Alan (2010). Holmén, Tom; Porter, Stanley E. (eds.). Handbook for the Study of the Historical Jesus (4 Vols). Brill. p. 822. ISBN   978-90-04-16372-0.
  34. 1 2 Licona, Michael (2012). Copan, Paul; Lane Craig, William (eds.). Come Let Us Reason: New Essays in Christian Apologetics. B&H Publishing Group. p. 137. ISBN   978-1-4336-7599-7.
  35. ↑ Elaine Pagels 2015 (lecture). "Price Lecture: Elaine Pagels" on YouTube (15:42~15:55) Trinity Church Boston. Accessed August 30, 2016.
  36. ↑ Köstenberger, Andreas J.; Bock, Darrell L.; Chatraw, Josh D. (2014). Truth in a Culture of Doubt: Engaging Skeptical Challenges to the Bible. B&H Publishing Group. p. 34. ISBN   9781433684043 . Retrieved October 30, 2015.
  37. ↑ Kamiya, Gary (April 3, 2009). "Jesus is just alright with him". Salon . Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  38. ↑ Murawski, John (March 25, 2014). "Bart Ehrman's 'How Jesus Became God' Book Will Be Instantly Rebutted By 'How God Became Jesus'". Huffington Post . Religion News Service. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  39. ↑ Bird, Michael F.; Evans, Craig A.; Gathercole, Simon; Hill, Charles E.; Tilling, Chris (2014). Bird, Michael F. (ed.). How God Became Jesus: The Real Origins of Belief in Jesus' Divine Nature – A Response to Bart Ehrman. Zondervan. pp. 7–8. ISBN   978-0-310-51961-4. Preview (arrow-searchable).
  40. ↑ BDEhrman. "Video: Bart Ehrman vs. James White Debate". The Bart Ehrman Blog. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  41. ↑ DEBATE: Jimmy Akin vs Bart Ehrman | Are the Gospels Historically Reliable? , retrieved November 5, 2022
  42. ↑ Tucker, Neely (January 31, 2024). "The Book of Bart". Washington Post. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
  43. ↑ Shimron, Yonat (February 10, 2023). "His popular blog debunks Christian myths. With the profits, he does the Christian thing". Religion News Service.

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