Denmark
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017) |
Examen philosophicum (Latin for philosophic exam; abbreviated to Ex.phil.) is, together with Examen facultatum, one of two academic exams in most undergraduate programmes at Norwegian universities. Whereas Examen facultatum aims at teaching students how to write academic texts, Examen philosophicum trains students in philosophy and structured thinking. Introduced at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark–Norway in 1675, Examen philosophicum was discontinued in Denmark in 1971 and exists in a reduced version in Norway.
| | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017) |
Examen philosophicum as a compulsory course is legally based in royal regulations for each university, for example Regulations of 20 December 2005 No. 1798 on Studies and Exams at the University of Oslo. [1] Both Examen philosophicum and Examen facultatum are compulsory parts of most bachelor's degrees in Norway: mainly professional studies at university colleges and a few natural science studies at universities are exempt from either one or both.
The content of Examen philosophicum varies between universities (and areas), normally being adapted to the scientific branch of each faculty and on the field of study of each undergraduate programme. For example, students of foreign languages will normally study a variety which is adapted to ditto. In general, Examen philosophicum includes philosophy, ethics, and rhetoric.
Introduced in 1675 at the University of Copenhagen, Examen philosophicum was continued by the University of Oslo in 1812, two years before the Dano-Norwegian union was dissolved. It was called andreeksamen (second exam) between 1812 and 1903, contrasting Examen artium as førsteeksamen (first exam). It was then called forberedende prøve i filosofi (preparatory test in philosophy) between 1903 and 1967, before ultimately retaining its original name in 1967. [2]
Examen philosophicum originally had a duration of two or three semesters, including exams in philosophy, history, mathematics, astronomy, natural sciences, Latin language, Greek language, and—for theology students—Hebraic language. Latin, Greek, and history were dropped in 1845, whilst natural sciences were split into physics and chemistry. Philosophy became the sole field of study in 1875.
Under the former cand.mag. system, an Examen philosophicum course was worth 5.0 vekttall, corresponding to a half semester, and along with Examen facultatum, it made up an introductory semester at universities. Later reduced in scope, both Examen philosophicum and Examen facultatum are normally worth 10.0 ECTS each, corresponding to two thirds of a semester.
Niels Nicolas Treschow was a Norwegian philosopher, educator and politician.
Jonas Rein was a Norwegian priest, poet and member of the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.
Examen artium was the name of the academic certification conferred in Denmark and Norway, qualifying the student for admission to university studies. Examen artium was originally introduced as the entrance exam of the University of Copenhagen in 1630. The University of Copenhagen was the only university of Denmark-Norway until The Royal Frederick University in Christiania was founded in 1811.
Ole Jørgensen Richter was a Norwegian lawyer, politician, parliamentarian and the prime minister of the Norwegian Government in Stockholm.
Frederik Holst was a Norwegian medical doctor. He is regarded as an important pioneer in medicine in Norway.
Oslo District Court is a district court located in Oslo, Norway. This court is based at the Oslo Courthouse in the city of Oslo. The court serves the entire city of Oslo and the court is subordinate to the Borgarting Court of Appeal. As the largest district court in Norway, it handles about 20% of all cases in the country. The court handled 3,000 criminal and 2,200 civil cases, as well as 7,200 summary proceedings in 2007.
Odd Langholm is a Norwegian economist and historian of economic thought. He spent his entire academic career at the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, being a professor from 1966 to 1998.
Gerhard Herman Knoop was a Norwegian actor, stage producer, theatre director and film director. He is mostly known for directing the movies Minne om to mandager (1964), Dei rid mot havet (1960) and Avskjedsgaven (1961).
Waldemar Christofer Brøgger was a Norwegian novelist, journalist, translator and editor.
Ida Cecilie Thoresen Krog was a Norwegian women's rights pioneer and Liberal Party politician, and the first female university student in Norway. She became famous when she was allowed to submit to examen artium in 1882, after an Act amendment had taken place. She was the first president of the women's rights association Skuld and a co-founder and vice president of its successor, the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights. She was also a co-founder and board member of the Norwegian Women's Public Health Association. She was active in the Liberal Party and her liberal views also colored her involvement in the women's rights movement. She was elected a deputy representative in Christiania City Council for the Liberal Party in 1901, as one of the first women elected to a political office in Norway.
Lars Aanonsen Havstad was a Norwegian statistician, writer, secretary in the Liberal Party, newspaper editor and activist. He was deaf as well as blind in one eye, and was the first deaf person to pass the examen artium in Norway.
Knut Kleve was a Norwegian classical philologist and a professor at the University of Bergen and at the University of Oslo. He was particularly known for his efforts on restoration of papyrus fragments from the ancient Roman town Herculaneum.
Emil Theodor Schreiner was a Norwegian philologist and educator.
Frederik Ludvig Vibe was a Norwegian classical philologist and educator. He was Professor of Greek language at the Royal Frederick University from 1838.
Fredrik Glad Balchen was a Norwegian teacher of the deaf.
Andreas Hofgaard Winsnes was a Norwegian literary historian and educator.
Bjarne Berulfsen was a Norwegian philologist and professor, best known for establishing the Friends of Folk Song Club in 1946 and for writing many books translated into several languages.
Examen facultatum is, together with Examen philosophicum, one of two academic exams in most undergraduate programmes at Norwegian universities. Examen facultatum is a result of theory of science being separated from Examen philosophicum as an independent type of course before 2000. Whereas Examen philosophicum trains students in philosophy and structured thinking, Examen facultatum aims at teaching students how to write academic texts, normally focussing on the scientific branch of each faculty and on the field of study of each undergraduate programme. It is common for universities to have a general course and a course specific part that intertwine with any chosen study as part of Examen philosophicum.
Christian Christoph Andreas Lange was a Norwegian historian and archivist.
The elective bachelor’s degree is an educational innovation of the 2001 Quality Reform in Norway. Designed to increase degree completion, allow students to pursue individual research interests, and facilitate adult learning, the elective bachelor’s degree is characterised by students not being enrolled in a study programme and their flexibility in composing and combining majors, minors, and elective courses differing from the fixed standard offered by study programmes. A fully-fledged bachelor’s degree, the elective bachelor’s degree makes the holder eligible for admission to graduate studies.