F-box protein 16

FBXO16
Identifiers
Aliases	FBXO16 , FBX16, F-box protein 16
External IDs	MGI: 1354706 HomoloGene: 9273 GeneCards: FBXO16
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 8 (human) [1]
End	28,490,318 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 14 (mouse) [2]
End	65,323,973 bp [2]
Orthologs
	157574
	50759
	ENSG00000214050
	ENSMUSG00000034532
	Q8IX29
	Q9QZM9
	NM_172366 ; NM_001258211
	NM_015795 ; NM_001360381 ; NM_001360383
	NP_001245140 ; NP_758954
	NP_056610 ; NP_001347310 ; NP_001347312
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated March 31, 2019

F-box protein 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO16 gene.^[5]

Protein biological molecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues

Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.

In biology, a gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic trait. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes as well as gene–environment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye color or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that constitute life.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family, members of which are characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into three classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbx class. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

F-box proteins are proteins containing at least one F-box domain. The first identified F-box protein is one of three components of the SCF complex, which mediates ubiquitination of proteins targeted for degradation by the 26S proteasome.

In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a supersecondary structure, which also appears in a variety of other molecules. Motifs do not allow us to predict the biological functions: they are found in proteins and enzymes with dissimilar functions.

A ubiquitin ligase is a protein that recruits an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that has been loaded with ubiquitin, recognizes a protein substrate, and assists or directly catalyzes the transfer of ubiquitin from the E2 to the protein substrate. The ubiquitin is attached to a lysine on the target protein by an isopeptide bond. E3 ligases interact with both the target protein and the E2 enzyme, and so impart substrate specificity to the E2. Commonly, E3s polyubiquitinate their substrate with Lys48-linked chains of ubiquitin, targeting the substrate for destruction by the proteasome. However, many other types of linkages are possible and alter a protein's activity, interactions, or localization. Ubiquitination by E3 ligases regulates diverse areas such as cell trafficking, DNA repair, and signaling and is of profound importance in cell biology. E3 ligases are also key players in cell cycle control, mediating the degradation of cyclins, as well as cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor proteins. The human genome encodes over 600 putative E3 ligases, allowing for tremendous diversity in substrates.

Related Research Articles

F-box only protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO5 gene.

F-box only protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO7 gene. Mutations in FBXO7 have been associated with Parkinson's disease.

PHD finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHF10 gene.

Lysine-specific demethylase 2A (KDM2A) also known as F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 11 (FBXL11) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM2A gene. KDM2A is a member of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases, which are non-haem iron-containing proteins.

F-box/LRR-repeat protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL5 gene.

F-box only protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO4 gene.

F-box only protein 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO11 gene.

F-box/LRR-repeat protein 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL7 gene.

F-box only protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO2 gene.

F-box only protein 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO9 gene.

F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW5 gene.

F-box only protein 32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO32 gene.

F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW8 gene.

F-box only protein 24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO24 gene.

F-box only protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO6 gene.

F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXW10 gene.

F-box and leucine-rich repeat protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXL4 gene.

Tripartite motif containing 69 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM69 gene.

F-box protein 40 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO40 gene.

F-box protein 15 also known as Fbx15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBXO15 gene.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000214050 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034532 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Entrez Gene: F-box protein 16" . Retrieved 2016-09-13.

F-box protein 16

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading