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Federation of Resident Doctors Association (FORDA) is a professional association for resident doctors in India. It was founded in January 2014 in Delhi.
After series of meeting with representatives from medical colleges of Delhi, FORDA was formed on 12 February 2014. [1]
Since its inception FORDA, it has raised issues pertaining to resident doctors. These include the 7½ years tenure of MBBS, security, duty hours, conducive working environment, better DDRs and other issues. FORDA has more than 30 government hospitals affiliated to it.
27 February 2015, [2] Balvinder called a token strike. On 22–23 June 2015, [3] a full labor strike was called. Almost 20000 resident doctors [4] joined. ESMA [2] was subsequently imposed on 23 June 2015. But that didn't end the strike till the authorities accepted their demands.
In October 2015 FORDA complained about the unavailability of swine flu vaccination for medical staff. [5] FORDA opposed the recommendations made by the 7th central pay commission [6] for doctors.
On multiple occasions, FORDA has demanded that assaults on doctors be treated as non-bailable offence and that the Centre brings in a law for the medical fraternity amid rising incident s of violence at a time when they are in the frontline of the fight against Covid-19. [7] [8]
In March, 2020, FORDA urged for Health Insurance cover in case of morbidity and mortality of Doctors in line of duty, especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic. [9]
In April 2020 FORDA wrote to Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan and Delhi Health Minister Satyendra Jain, demanding separate accommodation for the Resident Doctors of various hospitals in India, who have been advised for home quarantine after COVID-19 pandemic duty, which was fulfilled by the government. [10]
In May, 2020, FORDA raised the issue of non-uniform fees and bonds in medical education imposed by various State Governments. FORDA also raised the issue of non-uniform stipends of Resident Doctors and Interns in various states across the Nation and demanded implementation of "One Nation, One Stipend" as per the Central Residency Scheme. [11]
In July, 2020, FORDA urged the Honourable Prime Minister of India to implement the long-pending Indian Medical Services Cadre, in line with IAS and IPS. The creation of the Indian Medical Services (IMS) cadre became more relevant during the COVID-19 Pandemic, so that doctors from various specialities can devise effective strategies for controlling the epidemic and improving the overall healthcare system in the future. [12] Subsequently, the National Working Group (NWG) submitted its report. [13]
In June, 2021, FORDA submitted "Suggestive Measures to Stop Violence against Doctors" to the Honourable Union Health Minister following which several meetings were convened by the Director General of Health Services (DGHS) along with various stakeholders for reviewing the suggestions for implementation in healthcare institutions. November-December 2021, FORDA protested against the multiple delays and postponement of NEET-PG Counselling 2021. While there was delay in admission of Resident Doctors in healthcare institutions of the nation, the existing batches of Resident Doctors were overworked and exhausted after dealing with two consecutive waves of COVID-19 Pandemic. The month-long protest across the nation was finally called off on 31st December, 2021, after several rounds of meeting and discussion with concerned authorities. The much delayed Counselling commenced after judgement by the Honourable Supreme Court of India in January, 2022, paving the way for expedited admission of fresh batch of Resident Doctors.
Apollo Hospitals Enterprise Limited is an Indian multinational healthcare group headquartered in Chennai. It is the largest for-profit private hospital network in India, with a network of 71 owned and managed hospitals. Along with the eponymous hospital chain, the company also operates pharmacies, primary care and diagnostic centres, telehealth clinics, and digital healthcare services among others through its subsidiaries.
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) practices affirmative action and offers reservation to the "backward and weaker sections" of the society that includes SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PWD/Girl candidates.
The 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests were a series of protests that took place in India in 2006 in opposition to the decision of the Union Government of India, led by the Indian National Congress-headed multiparty coalition United Progressive Alliance, to implement reservations for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education. These protests were one of the two major protests against the Indian reservation system, the other one being the 1990 anti-Mandal protests.
Sivaramakrishna Iyer Padmavati was an Indian cardiologist. She was director of the National Heart Institute, Delhi, and the founder president of the All India Heart Foundation. The institute collaborates with the World Health Organization (WHO) in training students in preventive cardiology. Padmavati was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 1992. Padmavati, an elected fellow of the National Academy of Medical Sciences, was the first woman cardiologist in India and established the first cardiac clinic and cardiac catheter lab in India.
Max Healthcare Institute Limited is an Indian for-profit private hospital chain headquartered in Delhi. Max Healthcare operates 19 hospitals with more than 4,000 beds, primarily in North India.
The Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA) is an act of Parliament of India which was established to ensure the delivery of certain services, which if obstructed would affect the normal life of the people. This include services like public transport, health services. The ESMA is a law made by the Parliament of India under List No. 33 in Concurrent List of 7th Schedule of Constitution of India. Hence it maintains national uniformity by providing minimum conditions of essential services across the nation. For any violations in specific regions, State governments alone or together with other state government can enforce their respective act. Each state has a separate state Essential Services Maintenance Act with slight variations from the central law in its provisions. Hence, in case the nature of strike disrupts only a state or states, then the states can invoke it. In case of disruption on a national scale, especially railways, the ESMA 1968 can be invoked by central government.
India has a multi-payer universal health care model that is paid for by a combination of public and government regulated private health insurances along with the element of almost entirely tax-funded public hospitals. The public hospital system is essentially free for all Indian residents except for small, often symbolic co-payments in some services. Economic Survey 2022-23 highlighted that the Central and State Governments’ budgeted expenditure on the health sector reached 2.1% of GDP in FY23 and 2.2% in FY22, against 1.6% in FY21. India ranks 78th and has one of the lowest healthcare spending as a percent of GDP. It also ranks 77th on the list of countries by total health expenditure per capita.
Dinesh Arora is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service, 2002 Kerala cadre, presently pursuing his doctoral studies in public health at Johns Hopkins University. He is former Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s flagship healthcare programme, Ayushman Bharat Yojana, in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Prior to this, he was the Director at NITI Aayog. He was the Founder Mission Director of National Rural Health Mission, Kerala, Founder Managing Director of Kerala Medical Service Corporation Limited (KMSCL), and the first Food Safety Commissioner in the State of Kerala. Arira was also worked as an executive director, Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) and CEO RECPDCL, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Arora is proficient in English, Hindi, Malayalam, Punjabi, and Tamil.
Harsh Vardhan is a former Indian politician and otorhinolaryngologist. He had served as the Minister of Health and Family Welfare, Minister of Science and Technology and Minister of Earth Sciences in the BJP-led NDA government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi from 30 May 2019 to 7 July 2021. He represents Chandni Chowk in Delhi as a Member of Parliament in the 17th Lok Sabha. He was elected to the office of chairperson of the executive board of the World Health Organization from 22 May 2020. Vardhan has been prominent in the Indian government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. He later resigned from his cabinet post ahead of the cabinet reshuffle in July 2021.
Dr. Vipul Aggarwal is a 2001 batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer from the Gujarat cadre. He has been appointed as the Principal Commissioner of the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) in March 2024. Before this new role, he served as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Health & Family Welfare. Prior to this, he also served as the Deputy CEO of the National Health Authority, a government agency responsible for implementing healthcare schemes in India, from February 2020 to August 2022. During his tenure, he played a pivotal role in the policy formulation and implementation of the world's largest health assurance scheme, Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, which provided coverage to an estimated 540 million Indian citizens.
Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana is a national public health insurance scheme of the Government of India that aims to provide free access to health insurance coverage for low income earners in the country. Roughly, the bottom 50% of the country qualifies for this scheme. People using the program access their own primary care services from a family doctor and when anyone needs additional care, PM-JAY provides free secondary health care for those needing specialist treatment and tertiary health care for those requiring hospitalization.
The COVID-19 pandemic in India is a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. As of 21 August 2024, according to Indian government figures, India has the second-highest number of confirmed cases in the world with 45,041,748 reported cases of COVID-19 infection and the third-highest number of COVID-19 deaths at 533,623 deaths. In October 2021, the World Health Organization estimated 4.7 million excess deaths, both directly and indirectly related to COVID-19 to have taken place in India.
COVID-19 Pandemic spread to Uttar Pradesh in March 2020. While the World Health Organization praised the UP government for its contact tracing efforts, there were several other issues in its management of the pandemic, including under reportage of cases by the government, vaccine shortages and dismal conditions of COVID-19 hospitals.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted hospitals around the world. Many hospitals have scaled back or postponed non-emergency care. This has medical consequences for the people served by the hospitals, and it has financial consequences for the hospitals. Health and social systems across the globe are struggling to cope. The situation is especially challenging in humanitarian, fragile and low-income country contexts, where health and social systems are already weak. Health facilities in many places are closing or limiting services. Services to provide sexual and reproductive health care risk being sidelined, which will lead to higher maternal mortality and morbidity. The pandemic also resulted in the imposition of COVID-19 vaccine mandates in places such as California and New York for all public workers, including hospital staff.
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare workers physically and psychologically. Healthcare workers are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection than the general population due to frequent contact with infected individuals. Healthcare workers have been required to work under stressful conditions without proper protective equipment, and make difficult decisions involving ethical implications. Health and social systems across the globe are struggling to cope. The situation is especially challenging in humanitarian, fragile and low-income country contexts, where health and social systems are already weak. Services to provide sexual and reproductive health care risk being sidelined, which will lead to higher maternal mortality and morbidity.
The first responses of the government of India to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country involved thermal screenings of passengers arriving from China, the country from which the coronavirus disease 2019 originated, as well as of passengers arriving from other countries. As the pandemic spread worldwide, the Indian government recommended social distancing measures and also initiated travel and entry restrictions. Throughout March 2020, several shutdowns and business closures were initiated, and by the end of the month, the Indian government ordered a widespread lockdown. An economic package was announced in May 2020.
The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate), abbreviated as NEET (PG) is an entrance examination in India conducted by the National Board of Examinations in Medical Sciences (NBEMS) for determining eligibility of candidates for admission to postgraduate medical programmes in government or private medical colleges, such as Doctor of Medicine (MD), Master of Surgery (MS), PG diploma, Diplomate of National Board (DNB), Doctorate of National Board (DrNB), and NBEMS diploma. This exam replaced All India Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination (AIPGMEE). The counselling and seat allotment is conducted by Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS).
Indu Bhushan is a former Indian bureaucrat and economist. He was the first CEO of Ayushman Bharat, an Indian government agency providing national healthcare coverage to the low-income population of the country.
Duru Shah is a Mumbai-based gynaecologist academic and women activist. She is the Founder President of the PCOS Society, India and a promoter of adolescent girls and women's health and infertility in India. Shah is also the promoter of Metropolis Healthcare Ltd. She is also a Consultant ObGyn.: Breach Candy Hospital, Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai.
The 2021 Nigerian doctors strike was a labour strike involving doctors organised under the Nigerian Association of Resident Doctors (NARD). The strike began on 2 August and was suspended by court order on 23 August. The strike, one of four to have involved NARD since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, was caused by pay disputes between the union and the Federal government of Nigeria, with the union alleging that the government had reneged on an agreement that they had reached following the end of the last strike in April. Following this, the union went on strike. A hearing before the National Industrial Court of Nigeria is scheduled for 15 September.
