Related Research Articles
Gender equality, also known as sexual equality or equality of the sexes, is the state of equal ease of access to resources and opportunities regardless of gender, including economic participation and decision-making, and the state of valuing different behaviors, aspirations, and needs equally, also regardless of gender. To avoid complication, other genders will not be treated in this Gender equality article.
The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is an international treaty adopted in 1979 by the United Nations General Assembly. Described as an international bill of rights for women, it was instituted on 3 September 1981 and has been ratified by 189 states. Over fifty countries that have ratified the convention have done so subject to certain declarations, reservations, and objections, including 38 countries who rejected the enforcement article 29, which addresses means of settlement for disputes concerning the interpretation or application of the convention. Australia's declaration noted the limitations on central government power resulting from its federal constitutional system. The United States and Palau have signed, but not ratified the treaty. The Holy See, Iran, Somalia, Sudan, and Tonga are not signatories to CEDAW.
The Commission on the Status of Women is a functional commission of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), one of the principal organs of the United Nations. CSW has been described as the UN organ promoting gender equality and the empowerment of women. Every year, representatives of member states gather at United Nations Headquarters in New York to evaluate progress on gender equality, identify challenges, set global standards and formulate concrete policies to promote gender equality and advancement of women worldwide. In April 2017, ECOSOC elected 13 new members to CSW for a four-year term 2018–2022. One of the new members is Saudi Arabia, which has been criticised for its treatment of women.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in Turkey face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBTQ residents, though the overall situation is considered to be less repressive when compared to most other Muslim-majority countries.
Women obtained full political participation rights in Turkey, including the right to vote and the right to run for office locally, in 1930, and nationwide in 1934. Article 10 of the Turkish Constitution bans any discrimination, state or private, on the grounds of sex. It is the first country to have a woman as the President of its Constitutional Court. Article 41 of the Turkish Constitution reads that the family is "based on equality between spouses".
The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence, better known as the Istanbul Convention, is a human rights treaty of the Council of Europe opposing violence against women and domestic violence which was opened for signature on 11 May 2011, in Istanbul, Turkey. The convention aims at prevention of violence, victim protection and to end the impunity of perpetrators.
LGBTQ history in Turkey covers the development, contributions and struggles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people in the history of Turkey and their relation between Turkish politics from the abolition of the Caliphate to modern-day Turkey.
The Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party is a pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey. It is the legal successor of the Green Left Party and with the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) handing over its work to this party in 2023, it became the latest iteration of the Kurdish minority interests party in Turkey.
Helena Dalli is a Maltese politician serving as European Commissioner for Equality since 1 December 2019. She is a member of the Labour Party.
The Norwegian Women's Lobby is a feminist policy and advocacy organization in Norway and works for "the human rights of girls and women in all their diversity, to eliminate all forms of discrimination against all girls and women and to promote a gender equal society." It is described as the country's "main, national, umbrella organization" for women's rights. NWL understands women's human rights and discrimination in an intersectional perspective and works to represent the interests of all those who identify as women and girls. NWL is funded by the government over the national budget. The mission of the organization is to eliminate all forms of discrimination against women and girls on the basis of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Beijing Platform for Action and other fundamental international agreements relating to women's human rights. It works to integrate women's perspectives into all political, economical and social processes.
Rashida Manjoo is an Emeritus Professor at the University of Cape Town in Cape Town and a social activist involved in the eradication of violence against women and gender-based violence. Manjoo was the United Nations' Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women from June 2009 to July 2015.
Yoko Hayashi is a Japanese lawyer and partner in the Athena Law Office. She was formerly an alternate member to the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights from 2004 to 2006. In 2008, she became a member of the Committee which monitors the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and in 2015 was serving as Chairperson of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. Hayashi has used her legal expertise to improve the status and protect the rights of women.
Gender equality is the notion that each gender should receive equal treatment in all aspects of life, and that one should not be discriminated based on their sex. Gender equality is a human right, which is recognised under the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Ayşe Gülsün Bilgehan is a Turkish politician from the Republican People's Party (CHP), who has served as the Member of Parliament for Ankara's first electoral district since 2015. She previously served as an MP for the same district from 2002 to 2007 and served as an MP for Ankara's second electoral district from 2011 to 2015. She is the granddaughter of İsmet İnönü, the second President of Turkey. Between 2010 and 2011, she served as a Deputy Leader of the CHP. She was offered, but declined, a ministerial position by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu during the formation of an interim election government in August 2015.
Filiz Kerestecioğlu Demir is a Turkish politician from the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) who currently serves as a Member of Parliament since the June 2015 general election.
Dalia Leinartė is a member and former Chair of the UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), Professor at Vytautas Magnus University, and Fellow Commoner at Lucy Cavendish College, University of Cambridge, and a joint candidate of the Baltic States to the UN Human Rights Committee for the term 2025-2028. In 2018, Apolitical selected her as one of the 100 most influential people in gender policy around the world.
Ayşe Acar Başaran is a lawyer and politician of the People's Democratic Party (HDP). She is a current Member of Parliament for the city of Batman in Turkey. She was appointed spokesperson for the HDP Women's Council at the 4th HDP Party Conference in February 2020.
Şirin Tekeli was a feminist, academician, translator, writer, activist and one of the pioneers of second wave feminism in Turkey.
Ayşe Gül Altınay is a Turkish academic working in the disciplines of anthropology, cultural studies, and gender studies, focusing especially on militarism, violence, and memory. She is a professor of anthropology at Sabancı University and director of the university's Gender and Women's Studies Center of Excellence. Altınay stated that "the main question that shapes my work and my life" is "Are we going to turn our pain into more violence, hate, pain and injustice, or into steps that multiply life, beauty, love, peace and justice?" She is a signatory of the Academics for Peace petition "We will not be party to this crime!" and advocates a peaceful resolution of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict.
Ayşe Sürücü is a politician of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and a current member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.
References
Citations
- ↑ "Avrupa'dan Prof. Dr. Feride Acar'a liyakat madalyası". aa.com.tr. Retrieved 4 December 2024.
- ↑ OHCHR 2007.
- 1 2 3 Lie & O'Leary 1990, p. 11.
- ↑ The Sacramento Bee 1996, p. 15.
- 1 2 3 Bianet 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Central European University 2020.
- ↑ Sengupta 2001, p. 33.
- ↑ Istanbul Bilgi University 2007.
- ↑ Acar 2015, p. 2.
- 1 2 3 Ayata & Candaş 2018, p. 194.
- ↑ Bianet 2015.
- ↑ Parliamentarians for Global Action 2019.
- ↑ Graduate Women International 2018.
- ↑ Ergu, Elif. "İlk 100'lük mücadele". Hürriyet gazetesi, 31 Mayıs 2018. Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- ↑ "Gender Equality Top 100". Apolitical.co sitesi. Archived from the original on 14 June 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
Bibliography
- Acar, Feride (2015). "Curriculum Vitae". rm.coe.int. Strasbourg, France: Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- Ayata, Gökçeçiçek; Candaş, Ayşen (2018). "10. Turkey". In Afkhami, Mahnaz; Ertürk, Yakin; Mayer, Ann Elizabeth (eds.). Feminist Advocacy, Family Law and Violence against Women: International Perspectives. New York, New York: Routledge. pp. 178–197. ISBN 978-1-138-34493-8.
- Lie, Suzanne Stiver; O'Leary, Virginia E., eds. (1990). Storming the Tower: Women in the Academic World. London: Kogan Page. ISBN 978-1-85091-872-1.
- Sengupta, Somini (1 December 2001). "Turkish Students Shrug at Law on Marital Equality". The Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. NY Times Agency. p. 33. Retrieved 26 April 2022– via Newspapers.com.
- "Biographical data form of Ms. Ayşe Feride ACAR Turkish candidate to CEDAW" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights . Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations. 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
- "Defender of Democracy Award". pgaction.org. Washington, D. C.: Parliamentarians for Global Action. 2019. Archived from the original on 3 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- "Feride Acar Türkiye'nin GREVIO Adayı Seçildi" [Feride Acar Selected as Turkey's GREVIO Candidate] (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey. Bianet. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- "First Lady Meets Turkish Women, Leaders". The Sacramento Bee . Sacramento, California. Washington Post. 27 March 1996. p. 15. Retrieved 26 April 2022– via Newspapers.com.
- "Prof. Dr. Feride Acar Awarded 'Pro Merito Medal' by Council of Europe". Istanbul, Turkey. Bianet. 28 May 2019. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- "Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarına Yönelik "Kadınların İnsan Hakları" Semineri-I, 21–23 Eylül 2007" ["Women's Human Rights" Seminar for Non-Governmental Organizations-I, 21–23 September 2007]. insanhaklarimerkezi (in Turkish). Istanbul, Turkey: Istanbul Bilgi University. 23 September 2007. Archived from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- "TAUW held its annual Women Leaders Award Ceremony" (PDF). GWI Update. Geneva, Switzerland: Graduate Women International. April 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
- "The Istanbul Convention & GR 35 of CEDAW as International Norms and Mechanisms to Combat Gender-Based Violence against Women". Budapest, Hungary: Central European University. 20 February 2020. Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| People | |
| Other | |
