Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca (1512–1569) was a Spanish jurist.
Fernando Vázquez de Menchaca was probably born in 1512 in Valladolid. [1] His family members included judges and administrators. He studied law at the universities of Vallodolid and Salamanca, graduating from the latter about 1548. [2] [1] Menchaca held various positions as a judge and bureaucrat, including at the court of Philip II of Spain. [3] Menchaca was a member of the Council of the Indies and the Order of Santiago. He died in 1569 in Seville. [4] He was a hidalgo. [2]
In his treatise Controversiarum illustrium aliarumque usu frequentium libri tres (Three books of famous and other controversies frequently occurring in practice), [1] likely first published in Venice in 1564, [1] Menchaca argued that political authority derives from the consent of the governed. Because people form societies by "natural inclination", according to Menchaca, political authority is an aspect of natural law. [5] Menchaca held that persons have natural rights including liberty and equality and endorsed a version of the social contract theory. [6] In this respect, Menchaca thought that domestic society and international society were on a par: both were based on "pacts and treaties". [7] Further, since people create society "for their own utility", Menchaca argued that the people had an inalienable power to control their rulers. [8]
Mencha is considered a member of the School of Salamanca. [1] He published six treatises between 1559 and 1564. [9] His thought influenced Hugo Grotius and Samuel von Pufendorf. [5] [10] Scholar Salvador Rus Rufino identifies Menchaca as part of the tradition of Catholic humanism. [11]
| General | |
|---|---|
| National libraries | |
| Other | |
Gerolamo Cardano was an Italian polymath, whose interests and proficiencies ranged through those of mathematician, physician, biologist, physicist, chemist, astrologer, astronomer, philosopher, writer, and gambler. He was one of the most influential mathematicians of the Renaissance, and was one of the key figures in the foundation of probability and the earliest introducer of the binomial coefficients and the binomial theorem in the Western world. He wrote more than 200 works on science.
Martin Anton Delrio SJ was a Dutch Jesuit theologian He studied at numerous institutions, receiving a master's degree in law from Salamanca in 1574. After a period of political service in the Spanish Netherlands, he became a Jesuit in 1580.
Charles de l'Écluse,L'Escluse, or Carolus Clusius, seigneur de Watènes, was an Artois doctor and pioneering botanist, perhaps the most influential of all 16th-century scientific horticulturists.
Marco Girolamo Vida or Marcus Hieronymus Vida was an Italian humanist, bishop and poet.
The School of Salamanca is the Renaissance of thought in diverse intellectual areas by Spanish theologians, rooted in the intellectual and pedagogical work of Francisco de Vitoria. From the beginning of the 16th century the traditional Catholic conception of man and of his relation to God and to the world had been assaulted by the rise of humanism, by the Protestant Reformation and by the new geographical discoveries and their consequences. These new problems were addressed by the School of Salamanca. The name refers to the University of Salamanca, where de Vitoria and other members of the school were based.
Alberico Gentili was an Italian-English jurist, a tutor of Queen Elizabeth I, and a standing advocate to the Spanish Embassy in London, who served as the Regius professor of civil law at the University of Oxford for 21 years. He is heralded as the founder of the science of international law alongside Francisco de Vitoria and Hugo Grotius, and thus known as the "Father of international law". Gentili has been the earliest writer on public international law. In 1587, he became the first non-English person to be a Regius Professor.
Giovanni Botero was an Italian thinker, priest, poet, and diplomat, author of Della ragion di Stato , in ten chapters, printed in Venice in 1589, and of Universal Relations,, addressing the world geography and ethnography. With his emphasis that the wealth of cities was caused by adding value to raw materials, Botero may be considered the ancestor of both Mercantilism and Cameralism.
Sir Thomas Craig of Riccarton was a Scottish jurist and poet.
Jerónimo Osório da Fonseca was a Portuguese Roman Catholic humanist bishop, historian and polemicist. An extensive notice of his life and thought (Vita) was written by his nephew, a canon of Évora also named Jerónimo Osório, to introduce his edition of his uncle's Complete Works published in 1592.
Juan de Mariana, also known as Father Mariana, was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs.
Santa Catarina was a Portuguese merchant ship, a 1500-ton carrack, that was seized by the Dutch East India Company during February 1603 off Singapore. She was such a rich prize that her sale proceeds increased the capital of the V.O.C by more than 50%. From the large amounts of Ming Chinese porcelain captured in this ship, Chinese pottery became known in Holland as Kraakporselein, or "carrack-porcelain" for many years.
Domingo de Soto was a Spanish Dominican priest and Scholastic theologian born in Segovia (Spain), and died in Salamanca (Spain), at the age of 66. He is best known as one of the founders of international law and of the Spanish Thomistic philosophical and theological movement known as the School of Salamanca. He is also known for his contributions to Mechanical Physics.
Hispanidad is a Spanish term alluding to the group of people, countries, and communities that share the Spanish language and Hispanic culture. The term can have various, different implications and meanings depending on country of origin, socio-political views, and cultural background.
Carmelo Gómez Celada is a Spanish actor. He is the recipient of two Goya Awards, for best supporting actor in The Method and best leading actor in Running Out of Time. A very popular actor in 1990s Spanish cinema, working under the likes of Julio Medem, Pilar Miró and Imanol Uribe, he is a recurring co-star of Emma Suárez.
Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva or Covarruvias was a Spanish jurist and Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Cuenca (1577-1577), Archbishop of Segovia (1564-1577), Archbishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1560-1564), and Archbishop of Santo Domingo (1556-1560).
Miguel de Medina was a Spanish Franciscan theologian.
James Calfhill (1530?–1570) was an Anglican priest, academic and controversialist, who died as Archdeacon of Colchester and Bishop-designate of Worcester.
Fernando Vázquez is a Spanish footballer.
