Naim bey Frashëri, more commonly Naim Frashëri, was an Albanian historian, journalist, poet, rilindas and translator who was proclaimed as the national poet of Albania. He is regarded as a pioneer of modern Albanian literature and one of the most influential Albanian cultural icons of the 19th century.
The Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) is the regulatory body for the Persian language, headquartered in Tehran, Iran. Formerly known as the Academy of Iran, it was founded on May 20, 1935, by the initiative of Reza Shah, the founder of Pahlavi dynasty.
Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures. It spans over two-and-a-half millennia. Its sources have been within Greater Iran including present-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, the Caucasus, and Turkey, regions of Central Asia, South Asia and the Balkans where the Persian language has historically been either the native or official language. For example, Rumi, one of the best-loved Persian poets, born in Balkh or Wakhsh, wrote in Persian and lived in Konya, at that time the capital of the Seljuks in Anatolia. The Ghaznavids conquered large territories in Central and South Asia and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia, Azerbaijan, the wider Caucasus, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia, as well as the Balkans. Not all Persian literature is written in Persian, as some consider works written by ethnic Persians or Iranians in other languages, such as Greek and Arabic, to be included. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians, as Turkic, Caucasian, Indic and Slavic poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate cultures.
A Persianate society is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity.
Albanian literature stretches back to the Middle Ages and comprises those literary texts and works written in Albanian. It may also refer to literature written by Albanians in Albania, Kosovo and the Albanian diaspora particularly in Italy. Albanian occupies an independent branch within the Indo-European family and does not have any other closely related language. The origin of Albanian is not entirely known, but it may be a successor of the ancient Illyrian language.
Hossein Mohyeddin Ghomshei better known as Elahi Ghomshei, is an Iranian scholar, philosopher, author, and lecturer on literature, art, and mysticism.
Iranian studies, also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field of Oriental studies.
Saadi Shīrāzī, better known by his pen name Saadi, also known as Sadi of Shiraz, was a Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is recognized for the quality of his writings and for the depth of his social and moral thoughts.
Sami bey Frashëri or Şemseddin Sâmi was an Ottoman Albanian writer, philosopher, playwright and a prominent figure of the Rilindja Kombëtare, the National Renaissance movement of Albania, together with his two brothers Abdyl and Naim. He also supported Turkish nationalism against its Ottoman counterpart, along with secularism against theocracy.
Ghadam-Ali Sarami is an Iranian author and poet. He was born in Ramhormoz, a small town in Khuzestan Province, southwest of Iran. In 1986, he received a Ph.D. in Persian language and literature from University of Tehran, Iran. He is an associate professor of Persian language and literature at University of Zanjan and an expert in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, and Hafez, Sa'di, Rumi, and other masters of Persian literature and poetry.
Mohammad-Amin Riahi was a prominent Iranian literary scholar of Persian literature, a historian, writer and statesman. Apart from being one of the authors of Dehkhoda Dictionary and Encyclopædia Iranica, he was the author and editor of several well-known scholarly books. Mohammad-Amin Riahi received his PHD on Persian literature from Tehran University under the supervision of Badiozzaman Forouzanfar. Riahi is best known for his scholarly works on Shahnameh and Ferdowsi, Hafiz, and the ancient iranian languages. He has produced critical editions of some of the major classical Persian texts such as Mersad-al-ebad and Nozhat-al-majalis. During a course of 60 years he published numerous scholarly articles, a selection of which are gathered in a volume titled Forty essays on language, literature and history of Iran.
Dhimitër Shuteriqi was an Albanian scholar, literary historian, and writer. He participated in the anti-fascist National Liberation Movement. After the war, he was a member of the People's Assembly and one of the founders and later president of the Albanian League of Writers and Artists. In addition to a series of books and novels, he has published numerous volumes of textbooks, especially those on the History of Albanian Literature for high schools.
Drago Siliqi was an Albanian poet, literary critic, and publisher. At the age of 14 he became a scout and then a partisan of the National Liberation Movement. He published his first collection of poetry, and then pursued university studies at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow.
Ahmed Sudi, also known as Sudi-yi Bosnawi, was a 16th-century Bosnian commentator under the Ottoman Empire. He was the author of several Ottoman Turkish commentaries on Persian classics such as the Masnavi of Rumi, the Gulistan and Bostan of Saadi Shirazi, and The Divān of Hafez. According to Professor of Persian and Islamic studies Hamid Algar, Sudi is "perhaps the most prominent of all Ottoman Persianists".
Nasibi Tahir Babai, born Tahir Skënderasi, was an Albanian Bektashi wali and bejtexhi.
Shahin Frashëri was an Albanian bejtexhi of the 19th century. His Mukhtarnameh poem is one of the longest and earliest epics in Albanian literature.
The village of Frashër in southern Albania saw the emergence of several notable families in the history of Albania. They contributed to the independence of Albania throughout military actions but also in literature and politics. The most notable of these families are the family to which belonged Naim Frashëri, national poet of Albania.
Naum Dhimitër Naçi (1871–1927), also known as Nuçi Naçi, was an Albanian teacher and patriot. He was the brother of Leonidha Naçi. With his intellectual and political activities, he played an important role during the late period of the Albanian National Awakening that sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the creation of an Albanian national state. He wrote some books that discussed contemporary issues of education among Albanian communities in the Ottoman Empire, headed a Yanina-based patriotic newspaper named Zgjimi i Shqiperise, and participated in several nationalist groups. His 1901 Korça dhe fshatrat perreth saje was published in Sofia, where other major works in the development of Albanian nationalism and Albanian literature were concurrently published, including Naim Frasheri's Historia e Shqiperise and Deshira e vertete e Shqiptareve, Gjerasim Qiriazi's Hristomathi, and Sami Frasheri's Besa and Tosk primer. Naçi served for some time as the director and teacher of Mësonjëtorja, the first secular school in the Albanian language within Ottoman Albania that was opened in Korçë. At first he managed to get support from the local Ottoman governor general based in Monastir. However, in 1902 Naçi was arrested and incarcerated in Salonica by Mehmed Ali Pasha Delvina, the new Ottoman governor of Korçë.
