Battle of Las Tunas | |||||||
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Part of Ten Years' War | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Cuban rebels | Spain | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Gen. Manuel de Quesada Brig. Gen. Bernabé Varona [2] Col. Enrique Loynaz Col. Eduardo Montejo [3] | Col. Enrique Boniche Col. José Vincente de Valera Col. Jose Del la Torre Capt. Martín Abranco Col. Méndez Benegasi | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
630+ mambises | 450–800 soldiers | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
40 killed, 85 wounded | 100+ killed, 78 wounded |
The Battle of Las Tunas was a military engagement of the Ten Years' War. It took place on August 16, 1869, in the city of Las Tunas, Oriente in Cuba. It was organized to rescue families of Cubans that were held in the town.
Four brigades of 140 men each formed the Cuban force, bolstered by Gen. Manuel de Quesada's 30-man personal escort led by Brig. Gen. Bernabé Varona and President Carlos Manuel de Céspedes's 40-man guard. [4] The Spanish garrison under the leadership of Col. Enrique Boniche y Taengua reportedly consisted of 450 troops. [5]
In the early hours of August 16, 1869, commanding the garrison of Las Tunas, was Col. Enrique Boniche. Boniche chose a battalion led by Col. José Vincente de Valera to seek out the movements of revolutionary forces that were marching from different points on the roads to Las Tunas. After leading a reconnaissance of mounted cavalry sent by Col. Enrique Boniche, Valera saw a sizable group of Cubans advancing toward Las Tunas. The patrol unit was engaged by the Cuban Liberation Army force under Gen. Manuel de Quesada. After retreating to the city, insurgents closely tailing, opened fire upon his men and the surrounding city. They assaulted it, simultaneously, on four sides of the compass, and began the fight with deafening yells. It was held back for some time by an advance guard, operating under the orders of Capt. Martín Abranco. [6] The Spanish commander Boniche ordered a hundred cavalrymen out of the city, and to make for the nearest garrisons for reinforcements. The second in command, José de Valera, attempted to break the lines of Quesada's forces on the Santiago de Cuba road at the enemy's rear and met a distratous engagement. He continued to contest the street leading into the town on the south. Martin Alesance commanded the Spanish forces on the Bayamo road and area that led to the Grand Plaza. [7] Col. Jose Del la Torre commanded on the Holgüin side.
The Liberation Army pressed forward with Parrott guns. The artillery first started from the Mercader Hill upon the Church of Jesus, where a company of Spanish riflemen were stationed upon the towers and on the roof. The two towers were riddled destroying a pillar, the men were dislodged, and Quesada led a column of his army through the southern gate into the city. The entire Spanish garrison retreated into the Grand Plaza of Las Tunas. The Spanish commander José Ramonz y Navarro was ordered with a small force to defend the government house.
The forces commanded by Gen. Manuel de Quesada laid siege to the important military plaza of Las Tunas. While the Spaniards were hemmed within the plaza, the Cubans secured $300,000 worth of stores of all kinds. Half his command kept Boniche's army engaged, while the other half looted the groceries, warehouses, and retail stores. [8]
Nine hours after the battle had begun, Gen. Quesada ordered a retreat from the city when reports from his scouts from the Bayamo and Holguin roads, reported Spanish reinforcements en route for Boniche. [9] Col. Méndez Benegasi arrived from Holgüin to provide relief to the Spanish garrison. [10] Despite the Mambí Army's initial success, the Spanish forces managed to withstand the assault. After igniting the section of the town they had captured, the Cubans withdrew.
Puerto Padre is a municipality and town in the Las Tunas Province of Cuba. It is located on the northern coastal region of the province, in an estuary that opens into the Puerto Padre Bay.
Calixto García Íñiguez was a Cuban general in three Cuban uprisings, part of the Cuban War for Independence: the Ten Years' War, the Little War, and the War of 1895, itself sometimes called the Cuban War for Independence, which bled into the Spanish–American War, ultimately resulting in national independence for Cuba.
Carlos Manuel de Céspedes del Castillo was a Cuban revolutionary hero and First President of Cuba in Arms in 1868. Cespedes, who was a plantation owner in Cuba, freed his slaves and made the declaration of Cuban independence in 1868 which started the Ten Years' War (1868–1878). This was the first of three wars of independence, the third of which, the Cuban War of Independence led to the end of Spanish rule in 1898 and Cuba's independence in 1902.
Las Tunas is a city and municipality in central-eastern Cuba. It is the capital of the Las Tunas Province and was named Victoria de Las Tunas from 1869 to 1976.
Bartolomé Félix Morales y Ramírez was a lieutenant colonel of the Spanish infantry who served as lieutenant governor in Holguín, Cuba, and briefly as an interim governor of East Florida. As commandant of the third battalion of Cuba, he was appointed to posts in the Cuban cities of Bayamo, Cobre and Holguín, and commanded the Spanish garrison in St. Augustine, Florida.
Modesto Díaz was a Dominican Major General of the Cuban Liberation Army. He was a member of the Spanish Army in his country of origin during the Dominican Restoration War (1863–1865). He settled in Cuba and was reinstated to active service after the Carlos Manuel de Céspedes uprising. At the suggestion of Luis Marcano, he went to the side of the Cubans, and conducted several victorious battles against the Spanish during the Ten Years' War (1868–1878).
José Manuel Capote Sosa (1836–1934) was a Cuban Major General and politician who participated in the Cuban War of Independence. He was known as the mayor of Bayamo and the brother of Colonel Gonzalo Capote of the Cuban Liberation Army.
The Capture of Las Tunas was a military engagement of the Cuban War of Independence. It took place from August 27 to 30, 1897 at Las Tunas, Oriente.
Enrique Collazo Tejada was a Cuban writer, army general, and distinguished veteran of the Ten Years' War and War of Independence.
Julio Grave de Peralta y Zayas was a Cuban army general who was killed in combat during the Ten Years' War.
Bernabé Varona, also known as Bembetta, was a Cuban revolutionary and mambí General who was executed during the Ten Years' War in 1873.
Manuel de Quesada y Loynaz was a Cuban revolutionary and the first General-in-Chief of the Cuban Liberation Army who fought against Spain in the Ten Years' War.
Augusto Arango was a Cuban revolutionary and mambí General who was assassinated by Spanish authorities in Cuba during the Ten Years' War.
José de Valera was a high-ranking Spanish military figure who distinguished himself in Cuba's Ten Years' War.
Enrique Boniche was a prominent Spanish military general who served in the Dominican Restoration War and the Ten Years' War in Cuba.
Ángel del Castillo y Agramonte was a Cuban revolutionary and military general who was killed during the Ten Years' War in Cuba.
Francisco Muñoz Rubalcava was a Cuban patriot, mambí soldier, and poet who was executed during the Ten Years' War in Cuba.
Donato Mármol was a Cuban revolutionary and general who played a key role in the Ten Years' War in Cuba.
Belisario Grave de Peralta y Zayas was a Cuban army general during Cuba's Ten Years' War.
The Battle of El Salado occurred on January 7, 1869, during the Ten Years' War, near Salado River and the Salado settlement, in the municipality of Río Cauto, Granma Province, in Cuba.