First Lady Michelle Obama (painting)

Last updated
First Lady Michelle Obama
Portrait of Michelle Obama
Michelle Obama by Amy Sherald.jpg
Artist Amy Sherald   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Year2018
Medium oil paint, linen
Subject Michelle Obama   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Dimensions183.2 cm (72.1 in) × 152.7 cm (60.1 in) × 7 cm (2.8 in)
Location National Portrait Gallery
Accession No.PA/NPG.18-57  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Website npg.si.edu/exhibition/former-first-lady-michelle-obama-artist-amy-sherald
[ edit on Wikidata]

First Lady Michelle Obama, initially titled Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama, is a portrait of former First Lady of the United States Michelle Obama, painted by the artist Amy Sherald. Unveiled in 2018, it hangs in the National Portrait Gallery (NPG) in Washington, D.C. The six-by-five-foot (1.8 by 1.5 m) oil-on-linen painting shows Obama, rendered in Sherald's signature grisaille, resting her chin lightly on her hand, as a geometric print dress flows outward filling the frame against a sky-blue background.

Contents

Praised by critics and immensely popular with museum visitors, the National Portrait Gallery's attendance doubled in the two years after the unveiling of Sherald's portrait along with Kehinde Wiley's portrait of President Barack Obama. Museum director Kim Sajet credits Sherald and Wiley with reinvigorating the genre of portrait painting. Sherald and Wiley were also the first African American artists to receive commissions for National Portrait Gallery presidential portraits.

Background

In 2017, for her portrait for the National Portrait Gallery, former First Lady Michelle Obama chose the artist Amy Sherald, who like Obama is African American. [1] Both the President and First Lady met with Sherald as a candidate to paint their respective portraits, but Sherald and Michelle Obama had an immediate connection. Obama described the meeting:

Within the first few minutes of our conversation, I knew she was the one for me. And maybe it was the moment she came in and she looked at Barack and she said, 'Well, Mr. President, I'm really excited to be here, and I know I'm being considered for both portraits,' she said, 'but, Mrs. Obama' –she physically turned to me and she said –'I'm really hoping you and I can work together.' [2]

Sherald, who is from Columbus, Georgia, and then living in Baltimore, [1] was 43 and a rising star in the art world. Just a few years prior she had still been waiting tables to pay the bills, [1] but in 2016 her painting Miss Everything (Unsuppressed Deliverance) won the National Portrait Gallery's Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition. [3] The citation praised her "innovative, dynamic portraits that, through color and form, confront the psychological effects of stereotypical imagery on African-American subjects". Sherald was the first woman and first African-American to win the competition. [4] [5] Sherald and Kehinde Wiley, the artist President Barack Obama selected for his portrait, became the first African American artists commissioned to paint presidential portraits for the National Portrait Gallery. [6]

Obama, with input from Sherald, [7] also selected her dress for the sitting, choosing a design from the Spring 2017 collection of the line Milly by fashion designer Michelle Smith. [8] Obama and her stylist Meredith Koop had worked with Smith previously, including for an Essence magazine cover shoot. [9] Smith pulled the dress from production so it would be unique to Obama [10] and worked with the team remotely to tailor the design for her, [9] but the final wardrobe selection was not revealed until the painting's unveiling ceremony at the National Portrait Gallery. [11]

Creative process

Sherald, whose signature grayscale is influenced in part by the black-and-white photographs of Black people that W.E.B. DuBois showed at the 1900 Paris Exposition, [12] spent two 90-minute sessions photographing Obama, then painted from the photographs. [13] Sherald noted she felt struck by how much Obama resembled her daughter Malia in Sherald's photographs. [13]

While Sherald typically does not take individual portrait commissions [14] and instead selects sitters for her portraits from the people she meets in her everyday life, she felt Obama shared the relatability and authentic presence of her past sitters: common people "just being themselves." Sherald sought to portray these traits, significant as the qualities that made Obama feel accessible to ordinary people. [7]

The Obamas as well as officials from the National Portrait Gallery saw photographs of the painting while it was still a work in progress, but made no requests for adjustments to the portrait, leaving complete creative control to Sherald. [13] [7]

Sherald initially titled the painting Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama. [13]

Style

Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by Gustav Klimt Gustav Klimt 046.jpg
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by Gustav Klimt

The portrait is a large oil painting on linen, standing 6 ft (1.8 m) tall and 5 ft (1.5 m) wide. [15]

Obama's face, as well as her visible arms and hands, are stylized in shades of gray, an artistic technique known as grisaille, [16] a key theme in works by Sherald. Of the choice to use grayscale instead of color in painting skin, Sherald said the intention was to resist reductive readings of race that placed the sitter in a box: "To me when you see brown skin, it tends to codify something. So through the gray you're almost allowed to look past that into the real person." [2] The background is a simple blue evoking American folk art.

Art and architecture critic Philip Kennicott described Sherald's portrait as portraying Obama with "a curious mix of confidence and vulnerability." He described the juxtaposition of Obama's face, painted "in the gray tones of an old black-and-white photograph," with the vibrant "robin's egg blue background" as a technique Sherald often uses to impart "a heightened sense of the surreal." [17]

The dress dominates the work as a mountain-like triangle. [16] A full-length halter gown with a modern geometric pattern from the American womenswear line Milly, [18] the dress struck designer Michelle Smith as appropriate to the occasion both because its style reflected the way Obama dresses in her daily life and because, to Smith, the material and design symbolized Obama's contemporary sensibilities in her life overall: "It's made of a stretch cotton poplin print in a clean, minimal, geometric print without a reference to anything past or nostalgic, which gives the dress a very forward-thinking sensibility –this is very Michelle Obama." [8] Elements of the portrait have been noted by art critics to have been influenced by Gustav Klimt, in particular the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I . [19] One commentator noted the similarity to fashion designed by Klimt's muse Emilie Louise Flöge. [20]

A Gee's Bend quilter at work Gee's Bend, Alabama LCCN2010639058.tif
A Gee's Bend quilter at work

By contrast Sherald said the dress reminded her of the works of 20th century Dutch painter Piet Mondrian and the African-American quilting tradition of Gee's Bend, Alabama, a community descended from formerly enslaved African Americans. [21] [16] Sherald felt it echoed the Gee's Bend tradition of "composing quilts in geometries that transform clothes and fabric remnants into masterpieces." [22]

Writing in The New Yorker , art critic Peter Schjeldahl remarked on his first impression, viewing the piece in reproduction, of the "immense cotton gown [...] which fills most of the canvas that isn't taken up by a light-blue ground." Initially it seemed to him to be "an overwhelming of the wearer by the worn." His impression changed completely after seeing the work in person and he urged readers: "You must –and I mean absolutely have to –see Sherald's work in person, if at all possible. Taking in the painting's scale [...] and the sensitive suavity of its brushwork (a tissue of touches, each a particular decision)," Schjeldahl came to a widely shared critical conclusion [16] that Sherald had captured the essential qualities and challenges of Michelle Obama's role and identity: "I decided that artist and sitter had achieved a mind meld, to buoyant effect. The dress amounts to a symbol of Michelle's public role –a tall order for anyone –and the éclat with which she performs it." [23]

Exhibition and reception

Together with Wiley's portrait of President Barack Obama, the paintings were first exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery beginning February 12, 2018. Sherald's portrait drew strong reaction, with some commentators complaining that they felt it did not look like Obama. [1] [24] Sherald responded with an analogy: "Some people like their poetry to rhyme. Some people don't." [2]

Cultural critic Doreen St. Félix agreed that the portrait departed from photorealism –"The mouth and the eyes and the strong arms that we know are present, but fainter. From some distance, I can imagine, the figure might not be immediately recognizable." –but felt this choice was integral to the image's success as a portrait of this sitter, by compelling the viewer to "work to bring its subject to life –to remember what Michelle Obama has endured." [16]

Art critics generally praised the work: in New York, Jerry Saltz wrote a review declaring, "The Obamas' Official Portraits Rise to the Occasion." [25] In The New Yorker, Schjeldahl called Sherald's piece "a tour de force within the constraint imposed by a political commission." [23] The director of the National Portrait Gallery, Kim Sajet, credited Sherald and Wiley for reinvigorating portrait painting as an artistic genre: "Portraiture used to be seen as this old-fashioned, fuddy-duddy, really for dead white people kind of way of painting ... and they've completely changed that and put it on its head." [26]

National Portrait Gallery visitors view First Lady Michelle Obama National Portrait Gallery visitors view First Lady Michelle Obama.jpg
National Portrait Gallery visitors view First Lady Michelle Obama

Visitors flocked to see the portrait in person. The unveiling led to thousands lined up at the entrance, and a threefold increase in visitors compared to the previous President's Day weekend. [27] [28] As of February 2020, attendance at the National Portrait Gallery had doubled since the unveiling, [26] bringing four million visitors to the museum and turning the queue to see the paintings into its own social experience. [29]

Parker Curry photograph

Shortly after the painting was put on display, a photograph of a two-year-old African American girl, staring at the painting in awe, went viral on social media, [30] prompting conversation about the value of representation in art. [31] The child pictured was Parker Curry and the photograph taken by Ben Hines of North Carolina, another visitor to the museum that day. [32] Obama later met with Parker and her mother Jessica Curry [32] [33] and the occasion inspired a children's book, Parker Looks Up, written by the Currys and published by Simon and Schuster. [34]

Later exhibits

Beginning on November 13, 2020, and running through May 23, 2021, First Lady Michelle Obama as well as the Michelle Smith dress Obama wore for the sitting are part of an exhibition entitled, "Every Eye Is Upon Me: First Ladies of the United States." [35]

A tour with both Sherald's and Wiley's paintings of the Obamas is planned for 2021. [26] Slated to begin in June, the paintings will be shown for two months each in Chicago, New York, Los Angeles, Atlanta and Houston. [26] The tour planning is emphasizing low-cost tickets so the exhibit will be accessible to as many people as possible; admission to see the paintings in the National Portrait Gallery is free. [26]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kate Capshaw</span> American actress

Kathleen Sue Spielberg, known professionally as Kate Capshaw, is a retired American actress and painter. She is best known for her portrayal of Willie Scott, an American nightclub singer and performer in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), directed by her eventual husband Steven Spielberg. Since then, she starred in Dreamscape (1984), Power (1986), SpaceCamp (1986), Black Rain (1989), Love Affair (1994), Just Cause (1995), and The Love Letter (1999). Her portraiture work has been shown in the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery.

<i>Lady with an Ermine</i> Painting by Leonardo da Vinci, 1489–1491

The Lady with an Ermine is a portrait painting widely attributed to the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci. Dated to c. 1489–1491, the work is painted in oils on a panel of walnut wood. Its subject is Cecilia Gallerani, a mistress of Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan; Leonardo was painter to the Sforza court in Milan at the time of its execution. It is the second of only four surviving portraits of women painted by Leonardo, the others being Ginevra de' Benci, La Belle Ferronnière and the Mona Lisa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kehinde Wiley</span> American artist (born 1977)

Kehinde Wiley is an American portrait painter based in New York City. He is known for his naturalistic paintings of Black people that reference the work of Old Master paintings. In 2017, Wiley was commissioned to paint former President Barack Obama's portrait for the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery. The Columbus Museum of Art hosted an exhibition of his work in 2007 and describes his paintings as "heroic portraits which address the image and status of young African-American men in contemporary culture."

Elizabeth Joy Peyton is an American contemporary artist working primarily in painting, drawing, and printmaking. Best known for figures from her own life and those beyond it, including close friends, historical personae, and icons of contemporary culture, Peyton's portraits have regularly featured artists, writers, musicians, and actors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mickalene Thomas</span> American painter

Mickalene Thomas is a contemporary African-American visual artist best known as a painter of complex works using rhinestones, acrylic, and enamel. Thomas's collage work is inspired from popular art histories and movements, including Impressionism, Cubism, Dada, the Harlem Renaissance, and selected works by the Afro-British painter Chris Ofili. Her work draws from Western art history, pop art, and visual culture to examine ideas around femininity, beauty, race, sexuality, and gender.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portraits of presidents of the United States</span> List of each official painting or photograph for all United States presidents

Beginning with painter Gilbert Stuart's portrait of George Washington, it has been tradition for the president of the United States to have an official portrait taken during their time in office, most commonly an oil painting. This tradition has continued to modern times, although since the adoption of photography as a widely used and reliable technology, the official portrait may also be a photograph.

<i>Portrait of a Lady</i> (van der Weyden) c. 1460 painting by Rogier van der Weyden

Portrait of a Lady is a small oil-on-oak panel painting executed around 1460 by the Netherlandish painter Rogier van der Weyden. The composition is built from the geometric shapes that form the lines of the woman's veil, neckline, face, and arms, and by the fall of the light that illuminates her face and headdress. The vivid contrasts of darkness and light enhance the almost unnatural beauty and Gothic elegance of the model.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emilie Louise Flöge</span> Austrian designer and model

Emilie Louise Flöge was an Austrian fashion designer and businesswoman. She was the life companion of the painter Gustav Klimt.

<i>Portrait of Winston Churchill</i> (Sutherland) 1954 painting by Graham Sutherland

The Portrait of Winston Churchill was a painting by English artist Graham Sutherland that depicted the British prime minister Sir Winston Churchill, created in 1954. It was disliked by Churchill and eventually destroyed shortly after.

<i>Mrs. Hugh Hammersley</i> Painting by John Singer Sargent

Mrs. Hugh Hammersley is an 1892 painting by John Singer Sargent. It is part of the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Amy Sherald is an American painter. She works mostly as a portraitist depicting African Americans in everyday settings. Her style is simplified realism, involving staged photographs of her subjects. Since 2012, her work has used grisaille to portray skin tones, a choice she describes as intended to challenge conventions about skin color and race.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert McCurdy</span> American artist (born 1952)

Robert McCurdy is an American artist known for his photorealistic oil paintings and photographs of notable figures in contemporary history. Among works held in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C., are paintings of Toni Morrison, Jane Goodall, Neil Armstrong, and others. In 2002, McCurdy was commissioned to paint a portrait of US Representative Martin Sabo for the US Capitol. He completed the official White House painting of former President Barack Obama in 2018. The portrait of President Obama was unveiled at a ceremony in the White House, simultaneously with the portrait of First Lady Michelle Obama by Sharon Sprung, on September 7, 2022.

<i>President Barack Obama</i> (painting) Painting by Kehinde Wiley

President Barack Obama is an oil-on-canvas portrait of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, completed by the artist Kehinde Wiley in 2018 for the National Portrait Gallery. It received a mixed response from the media and the public.

Clarity Haynes is a queer feminist American artist and writer. She currently lives and works in New York, NY. Haynes is best known for her unconventional painted portraits of torsos, focusing on queer, trans, cis female and nonbinary bodies. She is a former member of the tART Collective and the Corpus VI Collective.

Devon Rodriguez is a Puerto Rican/Honduran artist and painter from the South Bronx, New York City. He initially gained recognition for drawing a series of realistic portraits of other commuters on the New York City Subway system. In 2019, he was a finalist in the Outwin Boochever Portrait Competition for his portrait of sculptor John Ahearn. In 2020, he joined the video hosting platform TikTok and gained immediate success for quick-sketching strangers and capturing their reactions when they are shown the painting. He is now the most followed visual artist on the platform.

Claire Beckett is an American photographer known for her exploration of post-9/11 America.

Michelle Smith is an American fashion designer. From 2000 to 2019, she was the designer at Milly, a contemporary womenswear line she cofounded. In 2020, she launched a new direct-to-consumer brand called Michelle Smith, for which she will design two collections annually.

Kim Sajet is a Nigerian-born art historian, curator, and museum director. She has been the director of the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery since 2013, and is the first woman to serve in that role. During her tenure at the museum, she has worked to increase representation of women and minorities in the Portrait Gallery's collection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taína Caragol</span> American art historian

Taína Caragol also known as Taína Beatriz Caragol-Barreto, is a Puerto Rican art historian, curator, and author. She currently serves as the curator for Latino Art and History at the National Portrait Gallery, since 2013. She previously held positions at Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and at the Museo de Arte de Ponce.

Picturing the Obamas is a 2022 two-part documentary television series by the Smithsonian Channel documenting the history of the official portraits of former American President Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama, President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama, by respective artists Kehinde Wiley and Amy Sherald and the tour of the portraits being displayed in museums in Chicago, Brooklyn, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Houston. The documentary also examines the impact of the portraits popularity and the legacy of the former president and first lady. The series premiered on September 10, 2022.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Cotter, Holland (2018-02-12). "Obama Portraits Blend Paint and Politics, and Fact and Fiction". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  2. 1 2 3 Johnson, Steve (February 19, 2018). "Amy Sherald painted Michelle Obama, and it became a sensation. But many people didn't get it, and to her, that's just fine". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 2020-11-11. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  3. ↑ "The Outwin 2016: American Portraiture Today Exhibition | Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery". The Outwin: American Portraiture Today | Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery. Archived from the original on 2020-03-29. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  4. ↑ Ates, Tiffany Y. (December 2019). "How Amy Sherald's Revelatory Portraits Challenge Expectations". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 2020-01-28. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  5. ↑ Valentine, Victoria L. (2016-03-26). "Portrait of an Artist: Baltimore-based Amy Sherald Wins Smithsonian's Outwin Boochever Competition". Culture Type. Archived from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2020-03-04.
  6. ↑ Darby, Luke (October 14, 2017). "Of Course the Obamas Chose the Coolest Painters for Their Official Portraits". GQ. Archived from the original on 2020-11-15. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  7. 1 2 3 "Artist Amy Sherald Discusses Portrait Of Former First Lady Michelle Obama". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  8. 1 2 Bobb, Brooke (13 February 2018). "Michelle Obama Wears Milly in Her Official Portrait--Here's the Story Behind the Dress". Vogue. Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
  9. 1 2 Rosman, Katherine (24 October 2020). "How the Designer of Milly Broke Free". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
  10. ↑ "The secrets behind Michelle Obama's first lady portrait dress". New York Post. 2018-03-07. Archived from the original on 2018-03-10. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  11. ↑ Givhan, Robin (February 12, 2018). "The Michelle Obama portrait is striking — and so is the gown she wore for it. This is its story". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  12. ↑ Baran, Jessica (September 2018). "Jessica Baran on Amy Sherald" (PDF). Artforum International. 57. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-01-31. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
  13. 1 2 3 4 McCauley, Mary Carole (February 12, 2018). "Michelle Obama portrait by Baltimore artist Amy Sherald makes national splash". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  14. ↑ Windy City LIVE (February 15, 2020). "Michelle Obama's Portrait Artist Amy Sherald explains artistic process, piece's symbolism". Youtube. Archived from the original on November 18, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  15. ↑ "First Lady Michelle Obama". npg.si.edu. National Portrait Gallery. Archived from the original on 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 St. Félix, Doreen (February 13, 2018). "The Mystery of Amy Sherald's Portrait of Michelle Obama". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  17. ↑ Kennicott, Philip (February 12, 2018). "The Obamas' portraits are not what you'd expect, and that's why they're great". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
  18. ↑ "Milly Spring 2017 Ready-to-Wear Fashion Show". Vogue. Archived from the original on 2018-11-23. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  19. ↑ Jones, Jonathan (2018-02-12). "Portrait of Obama: 'This will not tell the future ages what made him special'". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  20. ↑ "Modern Power Portraits With Some Fashion Notes". Irenebrination: Notes on Architecture, Art, Fashion, Fashion Law & Technology. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  21. ↑ Dingfelder, Sadie (2018-02-12). "Decoding the symbolism in the new Obama portraits". The Washington Post . ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2018-03-11. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  22. ↑ Caldwell, Ellen C. (13 February 2018). "What Amy Sherald Tells Us with Michelle Obama's Dress". JSTOR Daily. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  23. 1 2 Schjeldahl, Peter (September 23, 2019). "The Amy Sherald Effect". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  24. ↑ Cillizza, Chris (February 12, 2018). "Michelle Obama's official portrait looks nothing like her". CNN. Archived from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  25. ↑ Saltz, Jerry. "The Obamas' Official Portraits Rise to the Occasion". Vulture. Archived from the original on 2018-03-13. Retrieved 2018-03-13.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Sarmiento, Isabella Gomez (February 7, 2020). "Obamas' Portraits Going On Tour Next Year". All Things Considered. NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  27. ↑ Cascone, Sarah (February 20, 2018). "The Obama Portraits Have Boosted Attendance to the National Portrait Gallery by More Than 300 Percent". Artnet News. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  28. ↑ McGlone, Peggy (February 20, 2018). "Obama paintings bring huge crowds, excitement to National Portrait Gallery". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  29. ↑ Sajet, Kim (March 2, 2020). "4 million people have flocked to see the Obama portraits. Here's why". CNN. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
  30. ↑ Curry, Jessica (12 March 2018). "Looking Up to Michelle Obama". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  31. ↑ Safronova, Valeriya (2018-03-06). "Michelle Obama Meets the 2-Year-Old Who Sees Her as a Queen". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2018-03-09. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
  32. 1 2 Rosenwald, Michael S. (6 March 2018). "Michelle Obama meets the 2-year-old who was captivated by her portrait. And they danced". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  33. ↑ "Michelle Obama Had the Sweetest Dance Party With a Little Girl Who Loved Her Portrait". Harper's Bazaar. 6 March 2018. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  34. ↑ Copeland, Shelby (May 1, 2019). "A new book features a little girl's moving moment with Michelle Obama's portrait". CNN. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  35. ↑ Cohn, Gabe (2020-09-29). "National Portrait Gallery Show to Bring First Ladies into Focus". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-11-06. Retrieved 2020-11-10.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.