Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev is a Kazakh politician and military officer who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, in office from country’s independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022. He held the special title as Elbasy from 2010 to 2022. Nazarbayev was one of the longest-ruling non-royal leaders in the world, having led Kazakhstan for nearly three decades, excluding chairmanship in the Security Council after the end of his presidency. He was named First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Kazakh SSR in 1989 and was elected as the nation's first president shortly before its independence from the Soviet Union.
The Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan oversees a presidential republic. The President of Kazakhstan, currently Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, is head of state and nominates the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament.
Daniyal Kenjetaiuly Akhmetov is a Kazakh politician who was the 6th Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 13 June 2003 to 9 January 2007.
Dariga Nursultanqyzy Nazarbayeva is a Kazakh businesswoman and politician who is the daughter of the first President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. She served as a member of the lower house Mazhilis from 10 January 2021 until 25 February 2022, and previously from 15 January 2012 to 11 September 2015, 19 September 2004 to 20 June 2007 respectively. She was Deputy Chairwoman of Mazhilis from 2014 to 2015 until being appointed as a Deputy Prime Minister under Massimov's cabinet. In 2016, Nazarbayeva became a member Senate of Kazakhstan in 2016. She served as the Senate Chairwoman from 2019 to 2020. Nazarbayeva is the eldest daughter of Nursultan Nazarbayev who was the President of Kazakhstan from 1990 to 2019.
Imangali Nurgaliuly Tasmagambetov is a retired Kazakh politician and diplomat who was the Kazakh Ambassador to Russia from 2017 to 2019. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2016 to 2017 and Minister of Defense of Kazakhstan from 2014 to 2016. He was the akim of Astana from 2008 to 2014 and from 2004 to 2008, as akim of Almaty. Before that, from 2002 to 2003, he was the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan.
Serik Nyghmetuly Akhmetov was a Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2014. He served as the Minister of Defense from April to October 2014.
Mukhtar Qapashuly Altynbayev served as the Minister of Defense and General of the Army of Kazakhstan twice, most recently from December 2001 to 10 January 2007. Prime Minister Karim Massimov replaced him with former Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov in a political shakeup.
Karim Qazhymqanuly Massimov is a politician who served as a Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 10 January 2007 to 24 September 2012 and again from 2 April 2014 to 8 September 2016.
Adilbek Ryskeldiuly Zhaqsybekov is current Head of the Executive Office of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. He served as the minister of defence from June 2009 to April 2014. He was the head of Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev's administration. He served as the Mayor of Astana from 1997 to 2003 and from 2014 to 2016. Chairman of Governors of the Islamic Development Bank in 2003, and the Minister of Industry and Trade from 2003 to 2004.
Aslan Esbolaiuly Musin is a retired Kazakh politician who is the former Chair of Majilis of the Parliament of Kazakhstan. He has served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Kazakhstan since 10 January 2007. and previously served as Minister of Economy and Budget Planning of Kazakhstan from 4 October 2006 to 9 January 2007. Prior to that he served as the Äkim of Atyrau Region. On 13 October 2008, he was appointed Head of the President's Administration and is recognized to be one of the most influential and successful politicians in Kazakhstan.
The Kazakh political change in hierarchy of 2007 began on 8 January 2007 when Prime Minister Daniyal Akhmetov unexpectedly resigned and ended with the Senate's confirmation of Karim Masimov as his replacement on 11 January. Akhmetov did not say why he resigned, but political analysts noted increasing criticism from President Nursultan Nazarbayev of his oversight of the economy.
Legislative elections were held in Kazakhstan on 15 January 2012. The result was a victory for the Nur Otan party, which won 83 of the 98 seats in the Mazhilis. However, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the election "did not meet fundamental principles of democratic elections." The elections marked the first time that the second-placed party would gain parliamentary seats irrespective of whether it cleared the 7% electoral threshold. Due to the Zhanaozen massacre and the resulting state of emergency there, the election was not planned to be held in Zhanaozen. However, this decision was overturned on 10 January 2012.
The following lists events that happened during 2012 in Kazakhstan.
The Ministry of Information and Communications was a central executive body of the Government of Kazakhstan. On 5 May 2016, President Nursultan Nazarbayev ordered the creation of the new Ministry in response to the 2016 Kazakh protests which was established the following day on 6 May. The Ministry was headed by Presidential Press Secretary Dauren Abaev. The head of the department was introduced to the team by the Prime Minister Karim Massimov.
The Sagintayev Cabinet was the 10th cabinet of the Government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Prime Minister Bakhytzhan Sagintayev. It was formed after Sagintayev's predecessor, Karim Massimov was appointed as a head of the National Security Committee on 8 September 2016. President Nursultan Nazarbayev nominated Sagintayev, who served as the First Deputy under Massimov's government to be the new Prime Minister. He was confirmed by the Parliament the following day on 9 September. Some speculated that Sagintayev was a close ally to Nazarbayev's daughter Dariga, and the reason for a cabinet reshuffle was to make way for Nazarbayev's succession after the neighboring country of Uzbekistan faced a political uncertainty over President Islam Karimov's death which occurred on 2 September.
The Second Massimov Cabinet was the 9th composition under the Government of Kazakhstan that was led by Karim Massimov. It was formed on 2 April 2014 after Prime Minister Serik Akhmetov resigned from office just weeks after Kazakhstan's currency tenge lost its value, causing an inflation which led to protests in the cities. As a result, President Nursultan Nazarbayev appointed Massimov, who was quickly approved by the Parliament to be the Prime Minister due to his previous record of promoting business-friendly policies during his previous term as the Prime Minister from 2007 to 2012.
The Serik Akhmetov Cabinet was the 8th government of Kazakhstan led by Serik Akhmetov. It was established on 24 September 2012, after Prime Minister Karim Massimov resigned the post that he had held since January 2007 and was appointed as the Head of the Presidential Administration. President Nursultan Nazarbayev nominated Akhmetov to be the new PM who was unanimously approved by the Parliament.
The Daniyal Akhmetov Cabinet was the 6th government in Kazakhstan that was led by Daniyal Akhmetov. President Nursultan Nazarbayev nominated Akhmetov at the joint session of the Parliament to be the Prime Minister on 13 June 2003, stating that the country needed a government to be led by a person with regional governing experience due to Akhmetov's role of being the Akim of Pavlodar Region, in order to speed up the pace of social and economic development. Akhmetov was approved by 73 of 77 members of the Mazhilis and 36 out of 39 members of the Senate of Kazakhstan.
The Tasmagambetov Cabinet was the 5th government of Kazakhstan. Led by Prime Minister Imangali Tasmagambetov, it was formed on 28 January 2002 after his predecessor Kassym-Jomart Tokayev stepped down from his post along with his entire cabinet. President Nursultan Nazarbayev nominated Tasmagmabetov for office to which it was unanimously approved by the Parliament. Prior to that, Tasmagambetov served as the Deputy PM under Tokayev's cabinet. It was believed that the cause of the change in the government was an attempt to strengthen its stability as it faced opposition from political groups.
The Tokayev Cabinet was the 4th government of Kazakhstan under the leadership of Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. It was formed shortly after Prime Minister Nurlan Balgimbayev resigned from his post on 1 October 1999 shortly before the legislative election to become the president of Kazakhoil. President Nursultan Nazarbayev named Kassym-Jomart Tokayev as the Acting Prime Minister, who, prior to that, served as the Deputy Prime Minister as well as the Minister of Foreign Affairs under Balgimbayev's cabinet. On 12 October, the Parliament approved Tokayev's nomination to the post of the PM.
