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Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as Chlorella,Prototheca and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, a large brown alga which may grow up to 50 metres (160 ft) in length. Most are aquatic and autotrophic and lack many of the distinct cell and tissue types, such as stomata, xylem and phloem that are found in land plants. The largest and most complex marine algae are called seaweeds, while the most complex freshwater forms are the Charophyta, a division of green algae which includes, for example, Spirogyra and stoneworts.
Brown algae, comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. They are dominant on rocky shores throughout cooler areas of the world. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, Macrocystis, a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach 60 m (200 ft) in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests. Kelp forests like these contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is Sargassum, which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food.
Arame, sea oak is a species of kelp, of the brown algae, best known for its use in Japanese cuisine.
The Lee Flood Relief Channel (FRC) is located in the Lea Valley and flows between Ware, Hertfordshire, and Stratford, east London. Work started on the channel in 1947 following major flooding and it was fully operational by 1976. The channel incorporates existing watercourses, lakes, and new channels. Water from the channel feeds the Lee Valley Reservoir Chain.
The Lee Valley Reservoir Chain is located in the Lee Valley, and comprises 13 reservoirs that supply drinking water to London.
Red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae. The Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000 currently recognized species with taxonomic revisions ongoing. The majority of species (6,793) are found in the Florideophyceae (class), and mostly consist of multicellular, marine algae, including many notable seaweeds. Red algae are abundant in marine habitats but relatively rare in freshwaters. Approximately 5% of red algae species occur in freshwater environments, with greater concentrations found in warmer areas. Except for two coastal cave dwelling species in the asexual class Cyanidiophyceae, there are no terrestrial species, which may be due to an evolutionary bottleneck in which the last common ancestor lost about 25% of its core genes and much of its evolutionary plasticity.
Eckol is a phlorotannin isolated from brown algae in the family Lessoniaceae such as species in the genus Ecklonia such as E. cava or E. kurome or in the genus Eisenia such as Eisenia bicyclis.
Algibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria).
Phlorofucofuroeckol A is a phlorotannin isolated from brown algae species such as Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cava, Ecklonia kurome or Ecklonia stolonifera.
Ecklonia stolonifera is a brown alga species in the genus Ecklonia found in the Sea of Japan. It is an edible species traditionally eaten in Japan.
Fucosterol is a sterol isolated from algae such as Ecklonia cava or Ecklonia stolonifera.
Weissella koreensis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Leuconostocaceae. The bacteria has irregular cells, is tolerant of acid, and does not develop spores. It was described by Lee et al. in 2002.
Leuconostoc miyukkimchii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Leuconostoc which has been isolated from the fermented algae Undaria pinnatifida from Korea.
Mariniflexile is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria). The various species have been recovered from sea water, sea urchins, springs, brackish water, and an oyster.
Formosa sediminum is a Gram-negative and aerobic bacterium from the genus Formosa which has been isolated from sediments from the coast of Jeju Island. Formosa sediminum has the ability to degrade starch.
Winogradskyella undariae is a bacterium from the genus of Winogradskyella which has been isolated from the algae Undaria pinnatifida from Wando.
Lacinutrix iliipiscaria is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Lacinutrix which has been isolated from the intestine of a flounder.
Lacinutrix undariae is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Lacinutrix.
Algibacter miyuki is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Algibacter.
Algibacter undariae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile bacterium from the genus of Algibacter.
References
- 1 2 "Species: Formosa undariae". LPSN.DSMZ.de.
- 1 2 3 Park, Sooyeon; Lee, Jung-Sook; Lee, Keun-Chul; Yoon, Jung-Hoon (1 November 2013). "Formosa undariae sp. nov., isolated from a reservoir containing the brown algae Undaria pinnatifida". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 63 (Pt_11): 4130–4135. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.053157-0. PMID 23749280.
- ↑ "Formosa undariae". www.uniprot.org.