Abbreviation | FAP |
---|---|
Formation | 2001 |
Founder | Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales |
Founded at | United Kingdom |
Type | Charitable Organization |
Purpose | Preventing and mitigating fraud |
Headquarters | Fraud Advisory Panel Chartered Accountants' Hall Moorgate Place London EC2R 6EA |
Chairman | Sir David Green CB QC |
Key people | Mia Campbell |
Website | https://www.fraudadvisorypanel.org |
The Fraud Advisory Panel is a UK charitable organisation. [1] Incorporated in 2001, [2] the Panel focuses on offering advice and education to the general public on how to mitigate and avoid fraud. Panel members have provided evidence to the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee [3] and frequently participate in government consultations and commentary on the television, radio, and newspapers. [4] [5] [6]
The Panel was established in 1998 by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales, which continues to support its work. [7] [8]
The FAP is a charitable company limited by guarantee in England and Wales (charity number 1108863; company number 04327390). [9] It is governed by a board comprising between three and fifteen trustee directors. Trustees are experienced counter-fraud professionals drawn from across sectors. ICAEW also has the right to appoint one third of the directors. [10] [11] The board is led by a chairman, a voluntary position that has been held by the following people:
Dominic Grieve QC, the former Attorney General became a patron of the Panel on 7 September 2018. [20]
In January 2021, the charity had two members of staff, Mia Campbell [21] [22] and Zara Fisher. [23]
Membership of the Panel is open to individuals and organisations that are concerned about the harm caused by economic crime and want to do something about it. Membership offers various benefits including the opportunity to keep up to date with trends in the counter fraud field, meet fellow counter-fraud professionals, exchange insights and influence change to protect society from crime. [24] Corporate membership has the added benefit of making a public demonstration that the organisation is committed to supporting initiatives that fight fraud. The Panel also offers a student membership that provides eligibility to apply for the Panel's mentoring scheme. Those new to the profession have a dedicated group that is free to join called the Future Fraud Professionals Network with its own committee structure that arranges regular professional events and social events. [25]
The ICAEW is a funding members; other corporate members at January 2021 included: [26]
Chief among the Panels series of events is the publication of a special report and an annual lecture at the Annual General Meeting held in the summer. The lecture has been delivered by a number of distinguished people with notable experiences in the field of fraud including:
The Fraud Advisory Panel partnered with the Charity Commission for England and Wales to launch the International Fraud Awareness Week to help charities and not for profit organisations to avoid falling prey to fraud. [40] The week includes webinars, news interviews and the publication of freely accessible anti-fraud advice. [41] [42] [43]
In 2017, the FAP called for fundraising pages to be regulated amid fraud concerns following the launch of bogus Just Giving pages soon after the Westminster Bridge terror attacks. [44]
The FAP has issued a wide range of guidance to help protect charities from economic crime and cyber crime including advice on how to avoid COVID-19 related fraud and these are available free of charge on their website. [45] [46] [47]
In 2020, the Panel established a COVID-19 Fraud Watch task force with Cabinet Office, City of London Police and over seventy other partners to quickly disseminate counter fraud advice and intelligence to protect society. It was reported that the group identified various fraud risks concerning taxpayer backed stimulus packages and other fraud and actionable intelligence was shared with government. [48] [49] [50] The task force operated for 6 months and published sanitised information and counter-fraud advice for the public via its cross-sector partners [51] and the charity's website. [52] [53]
Crime trends, prevention advice and lessons learnt from the COVID-19 Fraud Watch task force have continued to be shared across sectors to alert businesses and encourage vigilance and due diligence as the world comes out of the crisis. This included free webinars tailored to sectors such as a Law Society podcast interview with David Clarke that was made available for the public. [54]
In June 2020, they alerted Rishi Sunak MP, UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, National Audit Office and others to the risk of fraud against the government tax-payer backed stimulus schemes. [55] [56] [57] The advice to Sunak was contained in a letter that was signed by David Clarke the chair of the Panel and former Director [58] of the police National Fraud Intelligence Bureau, Duncan Hames of Transparency International, Susan Hawley of Spotlight on Corruption, [59] Rosalind Wright, former Director [60] of the Serious Fraud Office and Professor Mike Levi [61] of Cardiff University and Senior Associate of RUSI.
The letter cautioned that a lack of due diligence on customers left the Bounce Back Loan Scheme particularly vulnerable to fraud and the authors requested that the names of companies receiving loans be published to prevent and identify fraud. The letter was shared with the National Audit Office (NAO) and later published online. [62] [63] Whilst the names of some companies that received BBLS loans was published by Finance UK as case studies, the government and British Business bank declined to publish the names of all recipients. In the summer of 2020, reports of fraud against the taxpayer backed BBLs schemes began to emerge that mirrored the concerns highlighted in the letter to the Chancellor. [64] [65]
In October 2020, the NAO published a report following its investigation into the Bounce Back Loan Scheme and warned that taxpayers may lose £26bn on unpaid loans and an influential committee of MPs the government's plans to recoup losses was "woefully underdeveloped". [66] [67] [68] [69] Types of fraud included criminals using the identities of innocent companies to obtain BBLS loans leading to criticism that some banks were not doing any due diligence. [70] Interviewed by CityAM, FAP chair David Clarke drew a comparison with the Sub-Prime Mortgages crisis saying, “As we saw with the self-certified subprime loans scandal pre-2008, fraudsters including bank insiders see [BBLs] as an easy target” . [71]
On 20 December 2020, the FAP Chairman David Clarke was cited as saying that in 10 years time, people will still be looking for taxpayer backed money lost to fraud. [72] On 23 January 2021, it was reported that three men working for the same London financial institution had been arrested by the National Crime Agency as part of an investigation into an alleged fraudulent coronavirus bounce back loans totalling £6m. [73] [74] City AM also reported that UK banks had begun to claw back money fraudulent bounce back loans. [75] On 23 January 2021, it was reported that the NCA had arrested three men who worked at the same London financial institution in connection with an investigation into coronavirus Bounce Back Loan fraud totalling £6 million. The City workers were suspected of using their 'specialist knowledge' to perpetrate the fraud. The article quoted the letter sent to Chancellor Rishi Sunak by the Panel and others in June 2021, calling on Government to publish names of recipients of taxpayer-backed loans to prevent such fraud. [76]
In January 2021, The Times reported that Britain would bow to European Union State Aid rules and disclose the names of companies that received taxpayer-backed loans, quoting Lord Myners as saying the government was being, “very slippery” over refusing to publish the identities of companies accessing COVID loans amid concerns about potential fraud and politically embarrassing awards. [77]
The scale of fraud against the Bounce Back Loans Scheme and how the UK police had begun 'hunting down fraudsters' featured in a BBC story by Angus Crawford aired on BBC Television news on 5 February 2021.The report included an interview with FAP chairman David Clarke who warned that "Covid-19 fraud could potentially be the biggest fraud in history". [78] [79] On 1 March 2021, LBC News reported that four men aged 82, 52 and 30 and a 70-year-old woman had been arrested on 24 February over an alleged £500,000 Bounce Back Loan fraud. [80]
In 2012, the Panel published a special report on the abuse of company incorporation to facilitate fraud and since then has lobbied for reforms to the system of company formation. [81] [82] The Panel was critical of a decision to reduce the cost of registering a company in 2016 [83]
Frances Coulson, an insolvency lawyer and FAP Director warned that company incorporation was being used to launder dirty money and “All the indicators are that it’s getting worse.” [84] In later interviews, Coulson said, “We have a very light-touch touch entry point for limited liability, so you can buy a company off the shelf for £9.99,” adding, “You can acquire a veneer of respectability without any substance behind it.” [85] Coulson has expressed concern that enforcement action is not being taken saying, “Part of the raison d’etre for the enforcement is the protection of the public,” and “[This] doesn’t sound as if it’s happening.” when commenting on a case in County Durham. In that instance, hundreds of people were paid to be directors of shell companies, many with no real staff or operations in the UK but acted as conduits for millions of pounds in revenue from online porn and gambling. [86] [87]
In 2020, the Panel Chairman David Clarke provided commentary in The Times and OCCRP following an investigation by journalists looking into a global web of firms created by a company formation agent called Formations House. [88] [89] [90] Criticising the ease with which criminals abuse company incorporation he was quoted as saying, "Britain has become a dreamland for the corrupt". [91] [92] [69]
Information leaked to OCCRP resulted in allegations that the system of company incorporation in the UK and other jurisdictions is broken and was being abused by criminals and corrupt officials to disguise their assets, source of wealth and beneficial ownership of businesses. [93]
The FAP highlights the threat posed to civil society from serious organised crime groups and has produced guidance on what measures governments, businesses and other bodies can take to fight serious economic crime. As part of a BBC Panorama investigation entitled, Gangsters Dirty Money Exposed, aired on 27 April 2018, the Panel provided an opinion on allegations of money laundering in London by the Ukrainian Mafia. [94] [95]
The FAP has called on banks to refund innocent victims of fraud and in a BBC Watchdog Live interview about a case where a NatWest bank customer had £20,000 stolen while 'unconscious', lawyer and FAP deputy chairman Arun Chauhan said of the bank, "They accept he's been assaulted and they accept the transactions were by a third party, so unless they can prove gross negligence, or fraud on Arthur's behalf, he needs to be compensated." [96]
In a special report titled "Hidden in Plain Sight", [97] [98] published in July 2019, the Panel warned that domestic corruption in the UK is going unnoticed. Chairman David Clarke told the Evening Standard, "Corruption isn’t a single event or act; it is a process whose ultimate objective is to create a culture in which it can become the new normal. Everywhere we look in Britain today we see signs that just such a culture is beginning to take root." [99] and called for better controls to fight corruption and money laundering. [100] [101]
Writing in The Times in December 2019, Clarke warned that "Britain has become a dreamland for the corrupt", in part due to the ease with which criminals can incorporate a company and the country's limited enforcement of the law as evidenced in the case of a company formation agent exposed by the ICIJ. [102] The warning mirrored concerns he had raised in 2014 that companies and real estate in the London were being used to by criminals to launder the proceeds of crime. [103]
In 2018, the Charity Fraud Awareness Week led by the FAP, won the Government Counter-Fraud Award for Outstanding International Collaboration in recognition of the work to unite more than 40 charities, regulators, professional bodies and other stakeholders across the world worked together to help combat fraud targeted towards charities. [104]
Members of the FAP Board frequently appear on television and radio to provide independent, expert opinion and advice on a range of fraud related matters. These include appearances on BBC Business News and BBC World Service [105] and the BBC's Charity Fraud Cheats [106] and Rip Off Britain series, including a case in which one presenter, Gloria Hunniford was herself the victim of fraud when a criminal impersonated her and stole £120,000 from her Santander Bank account. [107] [108] [109]
In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or mortgage fraud, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements.
Internet fraud is a type of cybercrime fraud or deception which makes use of the Internet and could involve hiding of information or providing incorrect information for the purpose of tricking victims out of money, property, and inheritance. Internet fraud is not considered a single, distinctive crime but covers a range of illegal and illicit actions that are committed in cyberspace. It is differentiated from theft since, in this case, the victim voluntarily and knowingly provides the information, money or property to the perpetrator. It is also distinguished by the way it involves temporally and spatially separated offenders.
Insurance fraud is any act committed to defraud an insurance process. It occurs when a claimant attempts to obtain some benefit or advantage they are not entitled to, or when an insurer knowingly denies some benefit that is due. According to the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, the most common schemes include premium diversion, fee churning, asset diversion, and workers compensation fraud. Perpetrators in the schemes can be insurance company employees or claimants. False insurance claims are insurance claims filed with the fraudulent intention towards an insurance provider.
Justine Greening is a British politician who served as Secretary of State for Education from 2016 to 2018. Prior to that, she served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 2010 to 2011, Secretary of State for Transport from 2011 to 2012 and Secretary of State for International Development from 2012 to 2016. A member of the Conservative Party, she was Member of Parliament (MP) for Putney from 2005 to 2019.
Missing trader fraud involves the theft of Value Added Tax (VAT) from a government by fraudsters who exploit VAT rules, most commonly the European Union VAT rules which provide that the movement of goods between member states is VAT-free. There are different variations of the fraud but they generally involve a trader charging VAT on the sale of goods and absconding with the VAT. The term "missing trader" is used because the fraudster has gone missing with the VAT.
Credit card fraud is an inclusive term for fraud committed using a payment card, such as a credit card or debit card. The purpose may be to obtain goods or services or to make payment to another account, which is controlled by a criminal. The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard is the data security standard created to help financial institutions process card payments securely and reduce card fraud.
Cifas is a fraud prevention service in the United Kingdom. It is a not-for-profit membership association representing organisations from across the public, private and voluntary sectors. Cifas states its mission is "to detect, deter and prevent fraud in society by harnessing technology and working in partnership".
HBOS plc is a banking and insurance company in the United Kingdom, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lloyds Banking Group, having been taken over in January 2009. It was the holding company for Bank of Scotland plc, which operated the Bank of Scotland and Halifax brands in the UK, as well as HBOS Australia and HBOS Insurance & Investment Group Limited, the group's insurance division.
Guildhawk, is a global technology led language services agency, headquartered in the City of London. The company was founded by Jurga Zilinskiene in 2001, and has developed into an international agency with multiple locations and over 3,000 staff, providing digital transformation, human and AI machine translation, digital human twins, transliteration of songs and scripts, interpreting, consulting localisation, voiceover, subtitling and more in over 200 languages. The firm uses database software Zilinskiene designed and evolved from the start of the business.
Jurga ZilinskieneMBE is an entrepreneur, software programmer and founder of Guildhawk, formerly trading as Today Translations and Today Advisory, a global technology led translation company. In June 2019, she became the first Lithuanian woman to be honoured by HM Queen Elizabeth with the MBE.
Theodore Thomas More Agnew, Baron Agnew of Oulton, is a British businessman, Conservative life peer, and former Minister of State at the Cabinet Office and HM Treasury. He is the founder and current chairman of the board of Inspiration Trust, an academy trust in Norfolk and Suffolk.
Ahsan Ali Syed is an Indian businessman. He is the founder of Western Gulf Advisory, estimated to be worth approximately 8 billion pounds. He is the owner of Racing de Santander football club in Spain.
Achilleas Michalis Kallakis is responsible for the UK's largest ever mortgage fraud, of over £760 million, and has been called "Britain's most successful serial confidence trickster". By making a slight change to his name, purporting to be related to an oil and property tycoon and using a corrupt lawyer, he was able to defraud banks into giving him mortgages on offices with inflated valuations. He and his accomplice Alexander Williams were successfully prosecuted by the UK's Serious Fraud Office in 2013. Kallakis and Williams succeeded in bypassing fraud and due diligence checks by the banks despite having a previous convictions for fraud in 1995 and warning being raised about their lawyer who escaped prosecution.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the UK Government introduced various public health and economic measures to mitigate its impact. Devolution meant that the four nations' administrative responses to the pandemic differed; the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, and the Northern Ireland Executive produced different policies to those that apply in England. Numerous laws were enacted or introduced throughout the crisis.
Tobi Adegboyega is a Nigerian pastor. He is the founder of the Salvation Proclaimers Anointed Church, a now defunct pentecostal church formerly based in London, England.
The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) was a furlough scheme announced by Rishi Sunak, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, on 20 March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The scheme was announced as providing grants to employers to pay 80% of a staff wage and employment costs each month, up to a total of £2,500 per person per month. The scheme covered the period 1 March 2020 until 30 September 2021, and had a total cost of £70 Billion. The scheme initially ran for three months and was backdated to 1 March.
COVID-19 scams are scams whose cover story primarily relies on the existence of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have been reported in multiple countries, primarily the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom.
The Greensill scandal is a political controversy in the United Kingdom related to lobbying activities on behalf of financial services company Greensill Capital. It implicated former Prime Minister David Cameron, former Cabinet Secretary Lord Heywood and several other civil servants, and occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rishi Sunak served as Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom from his appointment on 13 February 2020 to his resignation on 5 July 2022. His tenure was dominated by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, with Sunak becoming a prominent figure in the government's response to the pandemic, giving economic support to struggling businesses through various schemes. He was also involved in the government's response to the cost of living crisis, UK energy supply crisis, and global energy crisis.