Friedrich Heckmann (born March 6, 1941) is the director of the research institute European Forum for Migration Studies [1] and emeritus professor of sociology at the School of Social and Economic Sciences at the University of Bamberg. His main research, teaching and consulting interests focus on migration and social integration. Heckmann contributed significantly to the institutionalisation of migration and integration research in Germany through the launch of the research committee Migration and Ethnic Minorities (1985) within the German Sociological Society and the co-founding of the European Forum for Migration Studies in 1993 as one of the first research institutes on migration and integration in Germany. Moreover, he established migration studies in the sociology department of the University of Bamberg. [2]
Heckmann studied sociology, history and economics in Münster, Kiel, Lawrence, Kansas, United States and Erlangen-Nuremberg. His teachers included Helmut Schelsky (Münster), Gerhard Wurzbacher (Kiel; Erlangen-Nuremberg) and Gary M. Maranell (Lawrence). As a Fulbright Scholarship student, he received a Master of Arts in sociology from the State University of Kansas in Lawrence (1967). While being assistant lecturer at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, he earned a Ph.D. with an empirical study on socialization processes (1972). Heckmann was a project leader at the Research Centre for Social Sciences at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and was also a lecturer at the University of Bamberg. In 1980, he gained his habilitation at the University of Bamberg with a study on immigration in Germany. In 1982, he was appointed professor at the University of Economics and Politics in Hamburg, but returned to the University of Bamberg in 1992. Since the founding of the European Forum for Migration Studies, Heckmann has been a consultant to the German Federal Government, the European Commission, to local and municipal governments, foundation (non-profit) and civil society organizations.
Having worked within the fields of socialization, family research and history of sociology, Heckmann began to focus on migration and integration research with his habilitation (The Federal Republic: A country of immigration?, Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, 1981). Socio-structural analysis evidenced a status of belonging of the so-called guest workers; in addition historical and internationally comparative analysis demonstrated that Germany had been transformed into a country of immigration. Conceptual and theoretical works of Heckmann contribute to a theory of minorities, to the concept of ethnic colony, to the dimensional analysis of integration processes and to the theory of prejudice as both attitude and ideology. Much of this found in his book “Ethnische Minderheiten, Volk und Nation. Soziologie inter-ethnischer Beziehungen (Enke 1992). Since the foundation of the European Forum for Migration Studies, Heckman has led numerous empirical research as well as practice-oriented projects. [3] The form's projects mainly concern migration theory, migration statistics, migration politics, citizenship, urban [4] and educational integration, studies on discrimination as well as evaluations of implemented policies and measures. Many projects are carried out in cooperation with other European institutions and organizations. [5]
Ferdinand Tönnies was a German sociologist, economist, and philosopher. He was a significant contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for distinguishing between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. He co-founded the German Society for Sociology together with Max Weber and Georg Simmel and many other founders. He was president of the society from 1909 to 1933, after which he was ousted for having criticized the Nazis. Tönnies was regarded as the first proper German sociologist and published over 900 works, contributing to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Tönnies, Max Weber, and Georg Simmel are considered the founding fathers of classical German sociology. Though there has been a resurgence of interest in Weber and Simmel, Tönnies has not drawn as much attention.
Helmut Schelsky, was a German sociologist, the most influential in post-World War II Germany, well into the 1970s.
Theodor Julius Geiger was a German socialist, lawyer and sociologist who studied Sociology of Law, social stratification and social mobility, methodology, and intelligentsia, among other things. He was Denmark's first professor of sociology, working at the University of Aarhus (1938–1940).
University of Erlangen–Nuremberg is a public research university in the cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany. The name Friedrich–Alexander comes from the university's first founder Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and its benefactor Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
Franconian Switzerland is an upland in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany and a popular tourist retreat. Located between the River Pegnitz in the east and the south, the River Regnitz in the west and the River Main in the north, its relief, which reaches 600 metres in height, forms the northern part of the Franconian Jura (Frankenjura). Like several other mountainous landscapes in the German-speaking lands, e.g. Holstein Switzerland, Märkische Schweiz, or Pommersche Schweiz, Franconian Switzerland was given its name by Romantic artists and poets in the 19th century who compared the landscape to Switzerland. Franconian Switzerland is famous for its high density of traditional breweries.
The Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie is a German academic journal for sociology. It has an empirical focus on social research, both qualitatively and quantitatively, often in the tradition of Max Weber's "Verstehende Soziologie". Articles are usually published in German with an abstract in English.
Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert was a German physician, naturalist and psychologist.
The Mhallami, Mahallami, or Mardelli is an Arabic-speaking tribal ethnic group traditionally living in and around the city of Mardin, Turkey. Due to migration since 1920 they have a large presence in Lebanon as well. As a result of the Lebanese Civil War, large numbers fled to Europe, particularly Germany. They typically identify themselves as Arabs, but are sometimes associated with other ethnic groups such as Kurds or Arameans. though their historical roots are not definitively established. They are Sunni-Muslims and primarily speakers of an Arabic dialect that has Turkish, Kurdish, and Aramaic influences.
Albert Salomon was a German-Jewish sociologist. He was the nephew of Alice Salomon, a pioneer of the academic discipline of social work.
Georges Nicolas Tamer holds the Chair of Oriental Philology and Islamic Studies at the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg. Until September 2012, he was professor of Arabic and Islamic studies and the holder of the M.S. Sofia Chair in Arabic Studies at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. A scholar of religion, philosophy, and Arabic and Islamic literature and culture, his fields of specialization include Qur'anic studies, Arabic philosophy, Christian- and Judeo-Arabic thought, and Islam in modernity. He has previously taught at the Freie Universität Berlin, the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, and the Central European University.
Ursula Apitzsch is a German political scientist and sociologist. Since 1993, she has been Professor of Political Science and Sociology at the University of Frankfurt. Her research fields are cultural analysis, biographical research, migration, ethnicity and gender.
Leopold Max Walther von Wiese und Kaiserswaldau was a German sociologist and economist, as well as professor and chairman of the German Sociological Association.
Stefan Fröhlich is a German political scientist and professor for International Relations at the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg. The emphasis in his work is on German foreign policy, transatlantic relations and US foreign policy, European foreign and security policy, and International Political Economy.
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, Ritter von Hegel was a German historian and son of the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. During his lifetime he was a well-known and well-reputed historian who received many awards and honours. He was one of the major urban historians during the second half of the 19th century.
Neideck Castle is a former high mediaeval nobleman's castle above the village of Streitberg, in the municipality of Wiesenttal in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in the German state of Bavaria. As a result of its exposed location above the valley of the Wiesent, it has become a symbol of Franconian Switzerland.
Leienfels Castle was a late mediaeval aristocratic castle, immediately northwest of the eponymous village of Leienfels in the region of Franconian Switzerland in Germany. The village belongs to the borough of Pottenstein in the Upper Franconian county of Bayreuth in Bavaria.
The ruins of Bärnfels Castle are the remains of a late mediaeval aristocratic castle on the southern edge of the village of Bärnfels in the municipality of Obertrubach in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in Bavaria. The ruins of the spur castle are freely accessible.
Egloffstein Castle is a former high mediaeval, aristocratic castle, that stands immediately west of the eponymous village of Egloffstein in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in the German state of Bavaria.
The ruins of Streitburg Castle (German: Burgruine Streitburg or Streitberg Castle are the remains of a high mediaeval aristocratic castle above the village of Streitberg, in the market borough of Wiesenttal in the Upper Franconian county of Forchheim in the German state of Bavaria. They lie directly opposite the ruins of Neideck Castle, the symbol of Franconian Switzerland, on the other side of the valley.
Horst Weigelt is a German Protestant theologian. From 1975 to 2002 he was Professor of Historical and Systematic Theology at the Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg. His research focuses on the Reformation, Pietism and Enlightenment in the early modern period. He has also written specifically on Schwenkfelders.