Fritz Höhn

Last updated • 3 min readFrom Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
Fritz Höhn
Born31 May 1896
Wiesbaden, Hesse-Nassau, German Empire
Died3 October 1918(1918-10-03) (aged 22)
Saint-Martin-l'Heureux, France
Allegiance German Empire
Service/branchInfantry, then flying service
Rank Leutnant
Unit7th Guards Infantry Regiment
Flieger-Abteilung (Flier Detachment) 227
Jagdstaffel 21
Jagdstaffel 60
Jagdstaffel 81
Commands held Jagdstaffel 41
Awards Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross

Leutnant Fritz Höhn (31 May 1896 – 3 October 1918) was a German World War I fighter ace credited with 21 victories. [1] He had worked his way up to being a fighter squadron commander and was eligible for the German Empire's highest award for heroism, the Blue Max, when he was killed in action on 3 October 1918.

Contents

Early life and service

Fritz Höhn was born in Wiesbaden, German Empire, on 31 May 1896. He began his military service in the elite 7th Guards Infantry Regiment. [2]

Aerial service

Höhn began aerial duty as an artillery spotter in two-seated reconnaissance planes, flying for Flieger-Abteilung (Flier Detachment) 227. He was seconded to Jastaschule II and graduated as a fighter pilot. He joined a fighter squadron, Royal Saxon Jagdstaffel 21 on 15 November 1917, just as they received new Pfalz D.IIIs. [3] He shot down a Breguet 14 bomber on 1 December 1917 for his first victory. [1]

A representative Pfalz D.IIIa. Hohn's (serial number 4011/17) displayed diagonal stripes wrapping about the fuselage. PfalzD.jpg
A representative Pfalz D.IIIa. Höhn's (serial number 4011/17) displayed diagonal stripes wrapping about the fuselage.

Höhn then had Pfalz no. 4011/17 painted with diagonal stripes to deceive the aim of anyone shooting at him. He also had two rearview mirrors and a teddy bear wired on the rear of the cockpit, facing tailwards. However, it is unknown if Höhn and his teddy bear mascot were successful with this particular plane. [4] He did become a balloon buster for his next win, shooting down a French kite balloon from 33e Compagnie de Aerostiers on 11 April 1918. The next day, he downed a Spad and a balloon. On 20 April, he scored two victories on balloons—one from the 45e and 75e Compagnies—making him an ace. In the process, he was severely wounded in the knee. [5]

Höhn would be out of action until August. By the time he could return to combat, he had been awarded both classes of the Iron Cross and the Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern. Beginning on 20 August 1918, he added two more enemy aircraft and two more observation balloons to his tally by month's end. That made him a double ace, with ten victories, and a balloon ace, with six. [5]

Höhn in command

Towards the end of the month, Höhn had a fleeting assignment as commander of Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 81 that lasted until 3 September. [6] He shot down a Spad on both 2 and 3 September. [2] For the rest of the month of September 1918, Höhn was the acting commander of Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 60 . While with them, he scored two Spads and four more balloons. [1] [7]

He then was given command of Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 41 . He scored each of the first three days of October 1918, running his total to 21. He was killed in action on 3 October 1918. His Fokker D.VII was downed by a member of French squadron Spa67. [1] [6] Neither his dual rear-view mirrors nor his teddy bear mascot saved him. [8]

Höhn's final victory total was ten balloons and eleven airplanes. [1] [2] If he had survived, he would have been eligible for the German Empire's highest honor for valor, the Pour le Merite, upon confirmation of his 20th victory. [9] [10]

Related Research Articles

Carl "Charly" DegelowPour le Merite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross, was a German fighter pilot during World War I. He was credited with 30 victories, and was the last person to win the military Pour le Merite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franz Büchner</span>

Franz Büchner PlM was one of the most successful German fighter aces of the First World War, shooting down 40 enemy aircraft. He began his military career as a 16-year-old infantryman. His doughty exploits earned him a battlefield commission just after his 18th birthday, in early 1916. After being wounded and invalided from the infantry, he joined the Imperial German Air Service. Once he progressed to become a fighter pilot flying a Fokker D.VII, he initially struggled to gain his first aerial victories. Something clicked after his fifth victory, and he began to regularly shoot down enemy airplanes, scoring 35 victories between 1 July and 22 October 1918. Most notably, he shot down four SPADs on 26 September. He survived the war, but died in action in 1920 while combating communist revolutionaries near Leipzig.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Gontermann</span>

Heinrich Gontermann was a German fighter ace credited with 39 victories during the First World War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Bolle (flying ace)</span>

Rittmeister Carl Bolle, PlM, MMC, HOH, IC, was a fighter ace with 36 aerial victories during World War I. He became a Jagdstaffel commander during that war, and an advisor to the Luftwaffe during World War II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otto Könnecke</span>

LeutnantOtto Könnecke PLM, MMC, HoH, IC, was a leading German fighter ace of World War I with 35 victories. He was one of only five pilots to receive Germany's highest decorations for both enlisted pilot and officer. He later became one of the founding pilots of Deutsche Luft Hansa and assisted in development of the new Luftwaffe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Kroll</span> German World War I flying ace

OberleutnantHenrich Claudius Kroll Pour le Merite, Knight's Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Saxony's Albert Order Knight Second Class with Swords, Iron Cross First and Second Class, was a World War I fighter ace credited with 33 victories.

Generalmajor Hermann Frommherz Military Order of St. Henry, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Knight's Cross of the Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order, began his military career in World War I as a German ace fighter pilot. He was credited with 32 victories. During World War II he was involved in the German takeover of Czechoslovakia and rose to become a Luftwaffe Generalmajor.

Paul Billik was a German World War I fighter ace credited with 31 victories. He was killed in a flying accident while pioneering civil aviation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adolf Ritter von Tutschek</span>

Adolf Ritter von Tutschek (16 May 1891 – 15 March 1918) PlM, MOMJ was a professional soldier turned aviator. As German air strategy turned towards concentrated air power, he was entrusted with one of the world's first fighter wings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karl Thom</span> German flying ace (1893–1945)

Leutnant Karl Thom, was a German World War I flying ace credited with 27 victories. He was decorated with both his nation's highest decorations for valor, the Military Merit Cross as an enlisted soldier, and the Pour le Mérite after he was commissioned as an officer. He was one of only four German aces of World War I to achieve this double award.

Leutnant Olivier Freiherr von Beaulieu-Marconnay was a German World War I ace fighter pilot credited with 25 victories. Having joined the military at age 16, his success in shooting down 13 enemy aircraft led to his being appointed to command a fighter squadron, Jagdstaffel 19, at age 19. He was credited with another dozen victories before being mortally wounded. Because Germany's highest award for valor could not be granted posthumously, it was hurriedly approved just hours before his death. He is notable for being World War I's youngest recipient of the Pour le Merite.

Leutnant Georg von Hantelmann was a German fighter ace credited with winning 25 victories during World War I. It was notable that these victories included three opposing aces shot down within the same week in September 1918–David Putnam, Maurice Boyau, and Joseph Wehner.

LeutnantHans Martin Pippart Iron Cross was a pioneer aircraft manufacturer and early pilot. As a World War I German fighter ace he was credited with 22 victories.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Friedrich Friedrichs</span>

Leutnant Friedrich Friedrichs was a World War I fighter ace credited with 21 confirmed victories.

Hans-Georg von der Marwitz was a German World War I flying ace credited with 15 aerial victories.

Oberleutnant Hans Bethge HoH, IC was a German pilot who was one of the first World War I flying aces, as well as an aerial commander. He was credited with 20 aerial victories. He was also a squadron commander for the unusually long term of fourteen months.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jagdstaffel 12</span> Military unit

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 12 was a World War I "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 155 aerial victories during the war, at the expense of seventeen killed in action, eight wounded in action, and one taken prisoner of war.

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 17 was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 101 aerial victories during the war, with another 22 of the squadron's claims going unconfirmed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jagdstaffel 26</span> Military unit

Royal Prussian Jagdstaffel 26 was a "hunting group" of the Luftstreitkräfte, the air arm of the Imperial German Army during World War I. As one of the original German fighter squadrons, the unit would score 177 verified aerial victories, including four observation balloons destroyed. The Jasta would pay a bloody price for its success: five pilots killed in action, nine wounded in action, and one prisoner of war.

Oberst Paul Aue was a World War I flying ace from the Kingdom of Saxony in the German Empire. Partial records of his early aviation career credit him with 10 aerial victories. He would join the nascent Luftwaffe during the 1930s and serve Germany through World War II. He died in a Russian prison camp in 1945.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fritz Höhn". The Aerodrome. www.theaerodrome.com. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  2. 1 2 3 Franks et al 1993, pp. 130-131.
  3. VanWyngarden 2006, p. 75.
  4. VanWyngarden 2006 pp. 75-76, 36
  5. 1 2 "Fritz Höhn". The Aerodrome. www.theaerodrome.com. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
  6. 1 2 VanWyngarden 2006, p. 76.
  7. Franks, VanWyngarden 2004, p. 49.
  8. VanWyngarden 2006, p. 77.
  9. www.pourlemerite.org http://www.pourlemerite.org/ . Retrieved 22 February 2013.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)[ title missing ]
  10. "Orden Pour le Merite". Welcome to www.pourle merite.org. www.pourlemerite.org/. Retrieved 2013-02-22.

Sources