GTR-18 | |
---|---|
Type | SAM simulator rocket |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1980s-present |
Used by | United States military |
Production history | |
Designer | Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) |
Designed | early 1980s |
Specifications | |
Mass | 1.430 pounds (649 g) [1] |
Length | 15.5 inches (394 mm) [2] [3] |
Diameter | 2 inches (51 mm) |
Engine | Solid fuel rocket 15 lbf (6.80 kgf) (66.72 N) of thrust [1] |
Wingspan | 6.0 inches (152 mm) [2] |
Propellant | 499 grams (17.6 oz) X-60 [2] |
Flight ceiling | 1,800 feet (550 m) to 2,000 feet (610 m) [3] [1] [4] |
Boost time | 6 seconds at 70° [1] |
Maximum speed | 165 m/s (540 ft/s) [3] |
Guidance system | None |
Steering system | None |
Launch platform | single-bay LMU-23/E or four-bay LMU-24/E [5] |
The GTR-18A, commonly known as the Smokey Sam, is a small unguided rocket developed by Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) in China Lake, California as a threat simulator for use during military exercises. Widely used in training, the Smokey Sam remains in operational service with the United States military.
The GTR-18 was conceived in the late 1970s by Robert A. McLellan, a Weapons Range Scientist working with Exercise Red Flag at Nellis Air Force Base. He first searched for a commercially available system that would perform as he envisioned. It quickly became apparent that no commercial product would perform adequately, so the development of the GTR-18 was undertaken by the Naval Weapons Center (NWC) during the early 1980s, with the intent of developing Mr. McLellan's idea of a simple and inexpensive rocket for visually simulating the launch of surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) during training exercises. [6]
The design of the GTR-18A rocket is very simplistic and intended for minimal cost with the fuselage and nose cone being constructed from phenolic paper while the fins are constructed out of styrofoam [6] [5] . The fuselage and fins are joined to the nose cone by the motor tube which contains 499 grams (17.6 oz) of X-60 solid fuel propellant. [2] Because of its very light construction, the Smokey Sam will only cause minimal damage even if it accidentally strikes a low-flying aircraft. [6] [2] [5]
The complete launch system, known as the Smokey Sam Simulator, includes single-rail LMU-23/E and four-rail LMU-24/E launching pads, an AN/VPQ-1 radar set, the PVU-3A/E Igniter [7] and the GTR-18A rockets themselves, making up the SMU-124/E system as a whole. [6] [5]
When launched, the GTR-18's rocket motor produces a distinctive white plume, providing a realistic simulation of the launch of a surface-to-air missile. [8] While the ordinary GTR-18A has a simple, model rocket type motor, an improved 'Dual Thrust Smokey Sam' tested in the early 2000s featured a modified rocket motor, providing a 1.5 second boost period, followed by a lower-thrust sustainer burn with burnout occurring at 7.1 seconds after launch. [9]
This motor was altered to use a two-part laminated grain propellant which utilized both the standard zinc based grain and a high thrust aluminium based grain as used by other US rockets. The new propellant allows the 'Dual Thrust Smokey Sam' to have a boost and sustain signature to better imitate a surface-to-air missile and while thrust is initially low, the higher thrust for the majority of the motors burn time gives an improved trajectory. [10]
The GTR-18A received the altered designation DGTR-18A in the early 1990s, despite the use of the D ("Dummy") prefix usually being limited to non-flying rockets/missiles used for ground handling training only. [5] The Smokey Sam remains in production and operational service, and is extensively used by the U.S. military. [6]
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