GW-788,388

Last updated
GW-788,388
GW788388 structure.png
Identifiers
  • 4-(4-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
Chemical and physical data
Formula C25H23N5O2
Molar mass 425.492 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1COCCC1NC(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=NC=CC(=C3)C4=C(NN=C4)C5=CC=CC=N5
  • InChI=1S/C25H23N5O2/c31-25(29-20-9-13-32-14-10-20)18-6-4-17(5-7-18)23-15-19(8-12-27-23)21-16-28-30-24(21)22-3-1-2-11-26-22/h1-8,11-12,15-16,20H,9-10,13-14H2,(H,28,30)(H,29,31)
  • Key:SAGZIBJAQGBRQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

GW 788388 is a synthetic compound which acts as a potent and selective inhibitor for TGF beta receptor 1. [1] It has applications in research into various disorders such as liver, kidney and heart disease (especially associated with Chagas disease), [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] and potential antiviral properties. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fibrosis</span> Excess connective tissue in healing

Fibrosis, also known as fibrotic scarring, is a pathological wound healing in which connective tissue replaces normal parenchymal tissue to the extent that it goes unchecked, leading to considerable tissue remodelling and the formation of permanent scar tissue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protein kinase B</span> Set of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases

Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is the collective name of a set of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that play key roles in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transforming growth factor beta</span> Cytokine

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes three different mammalian isoforms and many other signaling proteins. TGFB proteins are produced by all white blood cell lineages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropomyosin receptor kinase C</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC), also known as NT-3 growth factor receptor, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3, or TrkC tyrosine kinase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NTRK3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene.

Smads comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth. The abbreviation refers to the homologies to the Caenorhabditis elegans SMA and MAD family of genes in Drosophila.

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, cell migration, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. The TGFB signaling pathways are conserved. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Endoglin</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Endoglin (ENG) is a type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF beta receptor complex. It is also commonly referred to as CD105, END, FLJ41744, HHT1, ORW and ORW1. It has a crucial role in angiogenesis, therefore, making it an important protein for tumor growth, survival and metastasis of cancer cells to other locations in the body.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2</span> Enzyme

G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADRBK1 gene. GRK2 was initially called Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, and is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase subfamily of the Ser/Thr protein kinases that is most highly similar to GRK3(βARK2).

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors that belong to TGFβ receptor family. They exist in several different isoforms that can be homo- or heterodimeric. The number of characterized ligands in the TGFβ superfamily far exceeds the number of known receptors, suggesting the promiscuity that exists between the ligand and receptor interactions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TGF beta 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) is a secreted protein known as a cytokine that performs many cellular functions and has a vital role during embryonic development. It is an extracellular glycosylated protein. It is known to suppress the effects of interleukin dependent T-cell tumors. There are two named isoforms of this protein, created by alternative splicing of the same gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TGFBR3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Betaglycan also known as Transforming growth factor beta receptor III (TGFBR3), is a cell-surface chondroitin sulfate / heparan sulfate proteoglycan >300 kDa in molecular weight. Betaglycan binds to various members of the TGF-beta superfamily of ligands via its core protein, and bFGF via its heparan sulfate chains. TGFBR3 is the most widely expressed type of TGF-beta receptor. Its affinity towards all individual isoforms of TGF-beta is similarly high and therefore it plays an important role as a coreceptor mediating the binding of TGF-beta to its other receptors - specifically TGFBR2. The intrinsic kinase activity of this receptor has not yet been described. In regard of TGF-beta signalling it is generally considered a non-signaling receptor or a coreceptor. By binding to various member of the TGF-beta superfamily at the cell surface it acts as a reservoir of TGF-beta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TGF beta receptor 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Transforming growth factor, beta receptor II (70/80kDa) is a TGF beta receptor. TGFBR2 is its human gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anaplastic lymphoma kinase</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) also known as ALK tyrosine kinase receptor or CD246 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALK gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Integrin beta 6</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Integrin beta-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB6 gene. It is the β6 subunit of the integrin αvβ6. Integrins are αβ heterodimeric glycoproteins which span the cell’s membrane, integrating the outside and inside of the cell. Integrins bind to specific extracellular proteins in the extracellular matrix or on other cells and subsequently transduce signals intracellularly to affect cell behaviour. One α and one β subunit associate non-covalently to form 24 unique integrins found in mammals. While some β integrin subunits partner with multiple α subunits, β6 associates exclusively with the αv subunit. Thus, the function of ITGB6 is entirely associated with the integrin αvβ6.

Pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) are classified as myofibroblast-like cells that are located in exocrine regions of the pancreas. PaSCs are mediated by paracrine and autocrine stimuli and share similarities with the hepatic stellate cell. Pancreatic stellate cell activation and expression of matrix molecules constitute the complex process that induces pancreatic fibrosis. Synthesis, deposition, maturation and remodelling of the fibrous connective tissue can be protective, however when persistent it impedes regular pancreatic function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tyrosine kinase inhibitor</span> Drug typically used in cancer treatment

A tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine kinases are enzymes responsible for the activation of many proteins by signal transduction cascades. The proteins are activated by adding a phosphate group to the protein (phosphorylation), a step that TKIs inhibit. TKIs are typically used as anticancer drugs. For example, they have substantially improved outcomes in chronic myelogenous leukemia. They have also been used to treat other diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chrysophanol</span> Chemical compound

Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a fungal isolate and a natural anthraquinone. It is a C-3 methyl substituted chrysazin of the trihydroxyanthraquinone family.

The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are a family of serine/threonine kinase receptors involved in TGF beta signaling pathway. These receptors bind growth factor and cytokine signaling proteins in the TGF-beta family such as TGFβs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth differentiation factors (GDFs), activin and inhibin, myostatin, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and NODAL.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Apilimod</span> Chemical compound

Apilimod (STA-5326) is a drug that was initially identified as an inhibitor of production of the interleukins IL-12 and IL-23, and developed for the oral treatment of autoimmune conditions such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis, though clinical trial results were disappointing and development for these applications was not continued.

References

  1. Gellibert F, de Gouville AC, Woolven J, Mathews N, Nguyen VL, Bertho-Ruault C, et al. (April 2006). "Discovery of 4-{4-[3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-yl}-N-(tetrahydro-2H- pyran-4-yl)benzamide (GW788388): a potent, selective, and orally active transforming growth factor-beta type I receptor inhibitor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (7): 2210–2221. doi:10.1021/jm0509905. PMID   16570917.
  2. de Oliveira FL, Araújo-Jorge TC, de Souza EM, de Oliveira GM, Degrave WM, Feige JJ, et al. (2012). "Oral administration of GW788388, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor beta signaling, prevents heart fibrosis in Chagas disease". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (6): e1696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001696 . PMC   3373641 . PMID   22720109.
  3. McMillin M, Grant S, Frampton G, Petrescu AD, Williams E, Jefferson B, DeMorrow S (May 2019). "The TGFβ1 Receptor Antagonist GW788388 Reduces JNK Activation and Protects Against Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Mice". Toxicological Sciences. 170 (2): 549–561. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz122. PMC   6821297 . PMID   31132129.
  4. Petersen M, Thorikay M, Deckers M, van Dinther M, Grygielko ET, Gellibert F, et al. (March 2008). "Oral administration of GW788388, an inhibitor of TGF-beta type I and II receptor kinases, decreases renal fibrosis". Kidney International. 73 (6): 705–715. doi: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002717 . PMID   18075500.
  5. Tan SM, Zhang Y, Connelly KA, Gilbert RE, Kelly DJ (May 2010). "Targeted inhibition of activin receptor-like kinase 5 signaling attenuates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 298 (5): H1415–H1425. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01048.2009. PMID   20154262.
  6. Ferreira RR, Abreu RD, Vilar-Pereira G, Degrave W, Meuser-Batista M, Ferreira NV, et al. (July 2019). "TGF-β inhibitor therapy decreases fibrosis and stimulates cardiac improvement in a pre-clinical study of chronic Chagas' heart disease". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 13 (7): e0007602. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007602 . PMC   6690554 . PMID   31365537.
  7. Lho Y, Do JY, Heo JY, Kim AY, Kim SW, Kang SH (April 2021). "Effects of TGF-β1 Receptor Inhibitor GW788388 on the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (9): 4739. doi: 10.3390/ijms22094739 . PMC   8124410 . PMID   33947038.
  8. Teixeira GS, Andrade AA, Torres LR, Couto-Lima D, Moreira OC, Abreu R, et al. (September 2022). "Suppression of TGF-β/Smad2 signaling by GW788388 enhances DENV-2 clearance in macrophages". Journal of Medical Virology. 94 (9): 4359–4368. doi:10.1002/jmv.27879. PMC   9544077 . PMID   35596058. S2CID   250497172.