| Gentianella praecox | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Gentianaceae |
| Genus: | Gentianella |
| Species: | G. praecox |
| Binomial name | |
| Gentianella praecox | |
Gentianella praecox, the Bohemian gentian, is a flowering plant species belonging to the genus Gentianella in the family Gentianaceae. Its distribution is limited to the territory of the Bohemian Massif.
Gentianella praecox is a biennial herb with a direct, simple stem, which more often branches at the base. It consists of 4–16 internodes (stem articles) of about the same length. Basal leaves measure 4.5 cm, which disappear with flowering. In the first year after germination the plant creates a sterile leafy rosette, which flowers in the second year. The size of the plant is very variable according to season and habitat, varying from 5 to 35 cm up to a height of 75 cm. [1]
Flowers are composed from the calyx and the crown and contain five petals (pentamerous). The five often carmine-red tinged Sepals are fused at the bottom to form an unfurled chalice tube. The number of flowers is usually 2–50, exceptionally, up to 360. Gentianella praecox usually blooms from late August to early October. As with other gentianellas, there are summer flowering (aestival) and autumn flowering (autumnal) populations, [2] without taxonomic significance. [3]
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36. [4]
Gentianella praecox shares characteristics with Gentianella germanica and Gentianella austriaca , but can be distinguished by the often carmine-red veined calyx, the papillary and strongly retroverted calyxes, the clearly formed and full-rimmed wings of the calyx tube and the more or less U- or V-shaped calyxes. [2]
Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica is endemic to the Bohemian massif in central Europe. Historically, it extended to the German part of the Šumava Mountains, the northern part of Austria and the southern part of Poland, but the center of its expansion remains the Czech Republic. According to a field study between 2000 and 2013 there were 73 known localities in the Czech Republic where Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica had been mapped at least once. [1]
Gentianella praecox is very rare. There are only a few sites left and thus it is threatened with extinction throughout its range. Only rediscovered in Bavaria in 1988 at 7 residual sites in the Bavarian Forest at altitudes between 700 and 890 meters, mapped in 1989 and 1990, the number of sites had decreased to three by 2010. [5]
In 1888 Anton Joseph Kerner and Josef Kerner first described it under the basionym Gentiana praecox. In 1968, Ernest Mayer presented the Bohemian gentian as Gentianella praecox (A.Kern.& Jos.Kern.) E.Mayer in Bioloski Vestnik. Volume 16, 1968, p., 26 in the genus Gentianella . This older name, which belongs to the aestival breed, has priority compared to the common name Gentianella bohemica, which Vladimír Skalický called it in 1968; This belongs to the autumnal breed, which no longer has any taxonomic value. Other synonyms for Gentianella praecox are Gentianella gabretae (Skalický), simultaneously described with G. bohemica as an aesthetic race, and Gentianella praecox subsp. bohemica (Skalický) Holub.
Fallopia is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family, often included in a wider treatment of the related genus Polygonum in the past, and previously including Reynoutria. The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, but species have been introduced elsewhere. The genus includes species forming vines and shrubs.
Gagea lutea, known as the yellow star-of-Bethlehem, is a Eurasian flowering plant species in the family Liliaceae. It is widespread in central Europe with scattered populations in Great Britain, Spain, and Norway to Siberia and Japan.
Gentianella germanica, common name German gentian, also known in the United Kingdom as the Chiltern gentian, is a flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae. It was chosen as the county flower of Buckinghamshire. Within the UK, it is only native to the Chiltern Hills of southern England, although its distribution in continental Europe is much wider, ranging from France to the Balkans.
Pulsatilla pratensis, the small pasque flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to central and eastern Europe, from southeast Norway and western Denmark south and east to Bulgaria. It grows from near sea level in the north of the range, up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) in the south of its range.
Antirrhinum majus, the common snapdragon, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the genus Antirrhinum. The plant was placed in the family Plantaginaceae following a revision of its prior classical family, Scrophulariaceae.
Myosotis scorpioides, the true forget-me-not or water forget-me-not, is a herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the borage family, Boraginaceae.
Gentianella is a plant genus in the gentian family (Gentianaceae). Plants of this genus are known commonly as dwarf gentians.
Allium moly, also known as yellow garlic, golden garlic and lily leek, Is a species of flowering plant in the genus Allium, which also includes the flowering and culinary onions and garlic. A bulbous herbaceous perennial from the Mediterranean, it is edible and also used as a medicinal and ornamental plant.
Anthyllis vulneraria, the common kidneyvetch, kidney vetch or woundwort is a medicinal plant native to Europe. The name vulneraria means "wound healer".
Gentianella amarella, the autumn gentian, autumn dwarf gentian, or autumn felwort, is a short biennial plant flowering plant in the gentian family, Gentianaceae. It is found throughout Northern Europe, the western and northern United States, and Canada.
Echinops sphaerocephalus, known by the common names glandular globe-thistle, great globe-thistle or pale globe-thistle, is a Eurasian species of globe-thistle belonging to the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae.
Symphytum officinale is a perennial flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae. Along with thirty four other species of Symphytum, it is known as comfrey. To differentiate it from other members of the genus Symphytum, this species is known as common comfrey or true comfrey. Other English names include boneset, knitbone, consound, and slippery-root. It is native to Europe, growing in damp, grassy places. It is locally frequent throughout Ireland and Britain on river banks and ditches. It occurs elsewhere, including North America, as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. The flowers are mostly visited by bumblebees. Internal or long-term topical use of comfrey is discouraged due to its strong potential to cause liver toxicity.
Gentianella campestris, common name field gentian, is a small herbaceous biennial flowering plant in the Gentianaceae native to Europe. Its bluish-purple flowers contain four petals.
Iris aphylla is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Asia to Europe. It is found in Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania and France. It has dark green or bright green, sword-shaped, long grass-like leaves, that die/fade away in the winter. It also has a slender stem, with several branches and green and purplish spathes. It has 3–5 large flowers, in shades of bright purple, purple, violet, dark blue, blue-violet and dark violet, which bloom between spring and early summer. Occasionally, they re-bloom in the autumn, before the seed capsule is formed. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There is one known subspecies Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica Hegi.
Gentiana pannonica, the Hungarian gentian or brown gentian, is a species of flowering plant in the family Gentianaceae.
Chionogentias diemensis is a flowering herbaceous alpine plant in the family Gentianaceae, endemic to the island of Tasmania in Australia. It is commonly known as the Tasmanian mountain gentian. Chionogentias diemensis has been classified into two sub-species: the Tasmanian snow-gentian and the Ben Lomond snow-gentian.
Tozzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the broomrape family Orobanchaceae. It contains a unique species, Tozzia alpina.
Gentiana froelichii, commonly known as the Karawanken gentian, is an endemic hemicryptophyte and perennial plant species in the family Gentianaceae, which occurs in southeastern Alps. It can be found in Austria and Slovenia, with a few reported occurrences happening in Italy.
Galeopsis pubescens, also known as the hairy and downy hempnettle, is a herbaceous annual plant species in the family Lamiaceae, that can be found growing in various European countries.
Gentiana alpina is a plant species from the Gentiana genus in the family Gentianaceae.
