The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations,and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries,with headquarters in Washington,D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments,and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability. Its stated mission is "working to foster global monetary cooperation,secure financial stability,facilitate international trade,promote high employment and sustainable economic growth,and reduce poverty around the world." Established on December 27,1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference,primarily according to the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes,it started with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international monetary system after World War II. It now plays a central role in the management of balance of payments difficulties and international financial crises. Through a quota system,countries contribute funds to a pool from which countries can borrow if they experience balance of payments problems. As of 2016,the fund had SDR 477 billion.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution,established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington,D.C.,United States,it is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers loans to middle-income developing countries. It is the first of five member institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The initial mission of the IBRD in 1944,was to finance the reconstruction of European nations devastated by World War II. The IBRD and its concessional lending arm,the International Development Association (IDA),are collectively known as the World Bank as they share the same leadership and staff.
Maurice Moses "Maury" Obstfeld is a professor of economics at the University of California,Berkeley and previously Chief Economist at the International Monetary Fund. He is also a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics.
Mauricio Claver-Carone is an American lawyer,former Treasury Department and National Security Council official,and lobbyist,who was the president of the Inter-American Development Bank from October 2020 until September 26,2022.
Randal Keith Quarles is an American private equity investor and attorney who served as the first Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve for supervision from 2017 to 2021. He concurrently served as the chair of the Financial Stability Board from 2018 to 2021.
Brad W. Setser is an American economist. He is a former staff economist at the United States Department of the Treasury,worked at Roubini Global Economics Monitor as Director of Global Research where he co-authored the book "Bailouts or Bail-ins?" with Nouriel Roubini,as a fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations,for the United States National Economic Council as Director of International Economics,for the United States Department of the Treasury,and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Economic Analysis as senior fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations.
Kristalina Ivanova Georgieva-Kinova is a Bulgarian economist serving as the 12th managing director of the International Monetary Fund since 2019. She was the Chief Executive of the World Bank Group from 2017 to 2019 and served as Acting President of the World Bank Group from 1 February to 8 April 2019 following the resignation of Jim Yong Kim. She previously served as Vice-President of the European Commission under Jean-Claude Juncker from 2014 to 2016.
The chief economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is also the economic counsellor and director of the fund's Research Department and is responsible for providing independent advice to the fund on its policy issues,integrating ideas of the research in the design of policies,conveying these ideas to the policymakers inside and outside the fund and managing all research done at IMF. The chief economist is a member of the Senior Leadership of the IMF.
Gita Gopinath is an Indian-American economist who has served as the first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF),since 21 January 2022. She had previously served as chief economist of the IMF between 2019 and 2022.
Lin Jianhai is a Chinese economist and first-ever Secretary of the International Monetary Fund from China. He was appointed to this position in March 2012. During his IMF career,Lin worked across a wide range of country,policy,and administrative issues,including serving senior positions in the Secretary's,Finance,Policy Development and Review,and Asian and Pacific Departments. He currently manages the Secretary’s Department which is the operations arm of the Executive Board.
Henry K. Rotich is a Kenyan civil servant who was nominated by President Uhuru Kenyatta as Cabinet Secretary for the National Treasury on 23 April 2013. On 14 January 2020,Rotich,who had been arrested on charges of corruption,was removed from this position.
Phillip Lee "Phill" Swagel is an American economist who is currently the director of the Congressional Budget Office. As Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from 2006 to 2009,he played an important role in the Troubled Asset Relief Program that was part of the U.S. government's response to the financial crisis of 2007–08. He was recently a Professor in International Economics at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy,a non-resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute,senior fellow at the Milken Institute,and co-chair of the Bipartisan Policy Center's Financial Regulatory Reform Initiative.
In 1945,China cofounded the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with 34 other nations. China was initially represented by the Republic of China. In April 1980,representation transferred to the People's Republic of China. The Chinese-IMF relationship mainly operates around affairs associated with IMF governance and the IMF Special Drawing Rights (SDR).
Nicolás Dujovne is an Argentine economist and former Minister of the Treasury between 2017 and 2019 under the administration of Mauricio Macri.
Adam Lerrick is an American economist and government official currently serving as Counselor to the Secretary of the Treasury,having previously been President Donald Trump's nominee for Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Finance. Lerrick has served as an economist at the American Enterprise Institute.
El Salvador has been a member of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since 1946. Their quota currently consists of 287.20 million SDR. The country has received loans from the IMF in the past,but most recently has received only standby loans and currently has no outstanding payments. As of June 2017,the standby arrangements total 1,442,300 SDR while the government has only drawn upon 132,250 SDR.
The Deputy Under Secretary / Designated Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Finance is a senior position within the United States Department of the Treasury responsible for advising the Secretary of the Treasury on matters of international finance and economic coordination,and overseeing U.S. participation in international financial institutions. The Assistant Secretary is appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. The office is currently held by Brent Neiman.
David Lipton is an American economist who served as the Acting Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from July 2,2019,following Christine Lagarde's nomination as President of the European Central Bank,until Kristalina Georgieva was appointed in the office on October 1,2019. Prior to this,Lipton had been serving as the IMF's First Deputy Managing Director since September 2011. Lipton has been featured in,and interviewed by,numerous publications including The Financial Times,Euromoney,Bloomberg News,and The Guardian.
Andrew P. Baukol is an American financial policy advisor who served as the acting United States secretary of the treasury for the first week of the Biden administration. Baukol served in an interim capacity until Biden's nominee,Janet Yellen,was confirmed by the United States Senate. He then became Treasury's acting Under Secretary for International Affairs.
