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George A. Freedman (born May 5, 1952) is a Canadian dentist, inventor, and dental educator in the field of cosmetic and aesthetic dentistry. [1] He is married to Fay B. Goldstep, DDS, (born 1954), with whom he has shared a private dental practice in Markham, Ontario, Canada, since 1988. [2]
A graduate of McGill University, Montreal, where he received his BSc in 1974 and DDS in 1978, Freedman has held visiting or adjunct positions at the following universities: Case Western Reserve (Cleveland), Baylor College of Dentistry (Dallas), State University of New York at Buffalo, Eastman Dental Center (Rochester, NY), Minnesota (Minneapolis), Missouri (Kansas City), California (San Francisco), Tufts (Boston), Institute of Aesthetic Dentistry (Barcelona, Spain), and Firenze (Italy.) [3]
He has written or contributed to 12 textbooks, including The Color Atlas of Porcelain Laminate Veneers (1990), [4] and The Color Atlas of Tooth Whitening (1991), [5] as well as the recently published, Contemporary Esthetic Dentistry, published by Elsevier, the Netherlands-based healthcare publishers. He has written and published more than 700 scientific articles in professional journals. [6]
Freedman is director and past president of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, and a Fellow of the following organizations: European Society of Cosmetic Dentistry, American Society for Dental Aesthetics, Academy of Dentistry International, American College of Dentists, International Academy for Dental Facial Esthetics, and the Canadian Dental Association. He is an honorary member of the academies of aesthetic dentistry of India and Turkey, and a founder of the academies of aesthetic dentistry in Canada and Romania. He serves as educational director of the University Dental Education Conference, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Freedman developed several widely distributed aesthetic products, including the Shofu Porcelain Veneer Kit (1986), [7] Aesculap Posterior Esthetic Restorative Kit (PERK) (1998), and Brasseler Posterior Composite Finishing Kit (1999.) He serves as products editor of the journal Dentistry Today (USA), and an editorial board member of Oral Health magazine (Canada.)
Crest Whitestrips is a line of tooth whitening products made by Procter & Gamble.
Cosmetic dentistry is generally used to refer to any dental work that improves the appearance of teeth, gums and/or bite. It primarily focuses on improvement in dental aesthetics in color, position, shape, size, alignment and overall smile appearance. Many dentists refer to themselves as "cosmetic dentists" regardless of their specific education, specialty, training, and experience in this field. This has been considered unethical with a predominant objective of marketing to patients. The American Dental Association does not recognize cosmetic dentistry as a formal specialty area of dentistry. However, there are still dentists that promote themselves as cosmetic dentists.
Dental restoration, dental fillings, or simply fillings are treatments used to restore the function, integrity, and morphology of missing tooth structure resulting from caries or external trauma as well as to the replacement of such structure supported by dental implants. They are of two broad types—direct and indirect—and are further classified by location and size. A root canal filling, for example, is a restorative technique used to fill the space where the dental pulp normally resides.
Tooth whitening or tooth bleaching is the process of lightening the color of human teeth. Whitening is often desirable when teeth become yellowed over time for a number of reasons, and can be achieved by changing the intrinsic or extrinsic color of the tooth enamel. The chemical degradation of the chromogens within or on the tooth is termed as bleaching.
In dentistry, a crown or a dental cap is a type of dental restoration that completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. A crown may be needed when a large dental cavity threatens the health of a tooth. Some dentists will also finish root canal treatment by covering the exposed tooth with a crown. A crown is typically bonded to the tooth by dental cement. They can be made from various materials, which are usually fabricated using indirect methods. Crowns are used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth and to halt deterioration. While beneficial to dental health, the procedure and materials can be costly.
Prosthodontics, also known as dental prosthetics or prosthetic dentistry, is the area of dentistry that focuses on dental prostheses. It is one of 12 dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA), Royal College of Surgeons of England, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Royal College of Surgeons of Glasgow, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons. The ADA defines it as "the dental specialty pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment planning, rehabilitation and maintenance of the oral function, comfort, appearance and health of patients with clinical conditions associated with missing or deficient teeth or oral and maxillofacial tissues using biocompatible substitutes."
In dentistry, a veneer is a layer of material placed over a tooth. Veneers can improve the aesthetics and function of a smile and protect the tooth's surface from damage.
The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD), founded in December 1984 by Jack Kammer and Jeff Morley of San Francisco, is the world's largest organization for cosmetic dental professionals. As of 2001, the Academy had membership from 40 different countries. Between 2000 and 2007, membership in the Academy grew by 70% as United States oral health, in particular the incidence of tooth decay, improved markedly while competitively priced cosmetic procedures became more readily available.
Adhesive dentistry is a branch of dentistry which deals with adhesion or bonding to the natural substance of teeth, enamel and dentin. It studies the nature and strength of adhesion to dental hard tissues, properties of adhesive materials, causes and mechanisms of failure of the bonds, clinical techniques for bonding and newer applications for bonding such as bonding to the soft tissue. There is also direct composite bonding which uses tooth-colored direct dental composites to repair various tooth damages such as cracks or gaps.
Dental pertains to the teeth, including dentistry. Topics related to the dentistry, the human mouth and teeth include:
Dennis Perry Tarnow is an American dentist specializing in periodontics, prosthodontics and implant dentistry and is known for his mark on dental implant research and education. He is currently director of implant dentistry at Columbia University College of Dental Medicine and former chairman of the department of periodontics and implant dentistry at New York University College of Dentistry. He is a sought after speaker on the subject of implant dentistry.
John Miller Hyson, Jr. was the former curator, director of curatorial services, and director of archives and history at the National Museum of Dentistry, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution located in Baltimore, Maryland. He was also the author of many articles and books on the history of dentistry and was a practicing dentist for nearly 50 years.
Irwin Elliot Smigel was an American aesthetic dentist, innovator and philanthropist.
Andrew FrangellaDDS, FICOI, FAGD, is a US-based general dentist that specializes in cosmetic dentistry and Oral Implantology. He is known for engaging multidisciplinary approach in the field of cosmetic dentistry. Dr. Andrew is listed in the Long Island Pulse Magazine as one of America’s Top Dentists. He is also named as one of the Top 10 Dentists in Social Media.
Newell Sill Jenkins was an American dentist who practiced most of his life in Dresden, Germany. He developed and improved the Jenkins porcelain enamel, thus making a composition of porcelain paste into porcelain inlays, dental crowns and bridges. He is thus the founder of aesthetic dentistry.
Daniel Y. Sullivan was an American dentist, prosthodontist, author, and teacher credited with helping to bring the practice of osseointegrated dental implants, or the fusion of bone and titanium inside the mouth, to the United States. He worked alongside Swedish pioneer Per-Ingvar Brånemark to insert the U.S.’s first osseointegrated dental implants in 1982. In later years, he taught the technique to thousands of dentists, served as president of two prestigious dental membership organizations, and co-wrote one of the first textbooks in the United States on the subject of esthetic dental implants.
Enamel microabrasion is a procedure in cosmetic dentistry used to improve the appearance of the teeth. Like tooth whitening it is used to remove discolorations of the tooth surface but microabrasion is both a mechanical and chemical procedure.
Pediatric crowns are dental crowns that provide full coverage for primary teeth. They can be made of different materials including stainless steel, polycarbonate, zirconium, or composite resin.
Anterior teeth are some of the most scrutinized teeth, as the size, shape and color of the anterior upper teeth plays an important role in dental aesthetics and smile aesthetics. A few aesthetic anterior problems, such as dental caries, tooth fracture, enamel defects and diastemas, can be solved with composite restorations. Composite restorations can also improve dental aesthetics by changing the shape, color, length and alignment of teeth.
Robert G. Ritter is an American dentist and a co-founder of Ritter & Ramsey General and Cosmetic Dentistry based in Jupiter, Florida.