Germany–Kazakhstan relations

Last updated
Germany-Kazakhstan
Germany Kazakhstan Locator.png
Flag of Germany.svg
Germany 		Flag of Kazakhstan.svg
Kazakhstan
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Germany, AstanaEmbassy of Kazakhstan, Berlin

Diplomatic relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established in 1991 after Kazakhstan gained independence from the former Soviet Union. [1] Ethnic Germans and ethnic Kazakhs have a shared history dating back to World War II when ethnic Germans living in the Volga region of Russia were relocated or imprisoned in the eastern steppe of the Soviet Union in what is today the territory of Kazakhstan. [2] At the collapse of the former Soviet Union, about one million ethnic Germans lived in Kazakhstan. [3]

Contents

Embassy of Kazakhstan, Berlin Be Kazakhstanian Embassy 02.jpg
Embassy of Kazakhstan, Berlin

Cultural Relations

Germany and Kazakhstan have a robust framework in place for promoting and maintaining cultural exchange and people to people ties. [4]

Economic relations

Over 1450 companies with German capital, including joint ventures, representations of German companies and banks, are registered in Kazakhstan. [5] Over 900 German enterprises actively operate in Kazakhstan, including Heidelberg Cement, Daimler, Volkswagen, MAN, Siemens, Knauf, RWE, Bayer, BASF, Bosch, METRO, etc. [5]

Germany was one of the first countries to extend export credits under a bilateral arrangement to Kazakhstan in 1992 to support German manufacturers and modernize Kazakhstan's market economy. [6] Bilateral trade between the two countries amounted to EUR 4 billion in 2016. [1] The trade turnover between Kazakhstan and Germany, which experienced a decline in 2014-2016 due to the economic crisis, almost reached its pre-crisis level in 2017. The total trade between Kazakhstan and Germany in 2017 amounted to 4 billion 856 million euros, which is 81.3% of Germany's trade turnover with the Central Asian countries. [5]

A large part of foreign investments in Kazakhstan originates from Germany. Foreign direct investments (FDI) to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183 million in 2018. The FDI were directed mainly into trade, industry and renewable energy. [7]

Climate Diplomacy

The Green Central Asia Initiative is an initiative of Germany to align and advance policies on climate and security in Kazakhstan and other regional nations. [8]

State Visits

German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited Kazakhstan in 2010 where she met with President Nursultan Nazarbayev to commence a 'more dynamic partnership' with Kazakhstan. [9] Merkel laid a wreath at the Otan Qorgaushylar Monument, [9] an Astana monument to the fallen soldiers of the Great Patriotic War (the Eastern Front of World War II).

German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier noted in a July 2017 visit to Astana that German-Kazakh relations had grown closer and broader over the past 25 years. [10] The German President conducted his visit to participate in the National Day of Germany at the EXPO-2017. During his visit, the German President met with his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev to discuss the countries' cooperation in economy, technology and education. [5]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Kazakhstan</span>

Foreign relations of Kazakhstan are primarily based on economic and political security consideration. The Nazarbayev administration has tried to balance relations with Russia and the United States by sending petroleum and natural gas to its northern neighbor at artificially low prices while assisting the U.S. in the War on Terror. Kazakhstan is a member of the United Nations, Collective Security Treaty Organization, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, North Atlantic Cooperation Council, Commonwealth of Independent States, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, and NATO's Partnership for Peace program. Kazakhstan established a customs union with Russia and Belarus which eventually became the Eurasian Economic Union. President Nazarbayev has prioritized economic diplomacy into Kazakhstan's foreign policy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Astana</span> Capital of Kazakhstan

Astana, formerly known as Nur-Sultan, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, and Akmola, is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nursultan Nazarbayev</span> President of Kazakhstan from 1990 to 2019

Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev is a Kazakh politician who served as the first President of Kazakhstan, from the country's independence in 1991 until his formal resignation in 2019, and as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2022.

Erzhan Hozeuly Kazykhanov is a Kazakh politician who serves as diplomat. Kazykhanov holds a newly created position in the presidential administration with the title of Special Representative for International Cooperation. Prior to his appointment as the Ambassador to the U.S., Kazykhanov has served as Kazakhstan's Ambassador to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Before becoming Ambassador to the UK, he held the position of Assistant to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan. He previously served as the Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan, as well as the Ambassador of Kazakhstan to Austria, Permanent Representative of Kazakhstan to the International Organizations in Vienna and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan – United Kingdom relations were formally established on 19 January 1992. The UK opened an embassy in Kazakhstan in October 1992 and Kazakhstan opened an embassy in the UK in February 1996. Kazakhstan's relations with the West have greatly improved in the last few years as the Government has closely cooperated in the U.S.-led War on Terror.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Kyrgyzstan relations refers to the bilateral diplomatic relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic. Bilateral relationships between the countries, which share a border, are very strong and Kyrgyz and Kazakh are very close in terms of language, culture and religion. Kyrgyz-Kazakh relationships have always been at very high level and economic and other formal connections of two countries have been greeted with strong appreciation by both nations since the two share a lot in common.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–South Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–South Korea relations are the international relations between Kazakhstan and the South Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Pakistan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Pakistan relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan was among the first few countries which recognized Kazakhstan when it attained independence in December 1991. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1992 during an official visit by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev to Pakistan. Pakistan and Kazakhstan enjoy cordial relations based on a common approach towards world issues as well as mutual understanding, Islamic brotherhood and goodwill for each other.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Turkey relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakh–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey. Turkey recognized Kazakhstan on 16 December 1991, being the first state to recognize the independence of Kazakhstan, when Kazakhstan declared its independence. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 2 March 1992. These relations have developed positively on the international stage as well as in commerce and strategic affairs. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Astana and a branch office in Almaty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Azerbaijan–Kazakhstan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Foreign relations exist between Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. Azerbaijan has an embassy in Astana and a consulate in Aktau. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Baku.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Czech Republic–Kazakhstan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Czech Republic–Kazakhstan relations are bilateral relations between the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greece–Kazakhstan relations</span> Bilateral relations

Greece and Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1992. Greece opened an embassy in Almaty in February 1997. Kazakhstan opened an embassy in Athens in 2005. Kazakhstan has had an honorary consulate in Athens since 1998.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–European Union relations</span> Bilateral relations

European Union–Kazakhstan relations are the international relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the common foreign policy and trade relations of the European Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Serbia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Serbia relations refer to bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Serbia. Serbia opened an embassy in Astana in June 2011, and Kazakhstan opened a consulate in Belgrade in June 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations refer to the bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and the Netherlands. The Netherlands has an embassy in Astana. Kazakhstan has an embassy in The Hague.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Poland relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Poland relations refer to bilateral relations between Kazakhstan and Poland. Relations focus on growing trade and political cooperation. Both countries are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, World Trade Organization and United Nations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">France–Kazakhstan relations</span> Bilateral relations

France–Kazakhstan relations are the diplomatic relations between France and Kazakhstan. Both nations are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstan–Mongolia relations</span> Bilateral relations

Kazakhstan–Mongolia relations refer to bilateral relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The two nations established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1992, after Kazakhstan gained independence from the Soviet Union.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hungary–Kazakhstan relations</span> Hungarian-Kazakhstan bilateral relations

Hungarian-Kazakhstan relations are the bilateral relations between Hungary and Kazakhstan. Hungary has an embassy in Astana. Kazakhstan has an embassy in Budapest. Diplomatic relations between the countries were established on 2 April 1992. Due to the shared historical, cultural, and linguistic traits, the country became one of the most important socio-economic partners of Hungary.

References

  1. 1 2 "Kazakhstan". German Foreign Ministry.
  2. ↑ Erlanger, Steven (9 May 1993). "Germany Pays to Keep Ethnic Germans in Russia". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ Brown, Andrew J. (June 2005). "Kazakhstan: A Eurasian Volk in the Twilight of Diaspora". Europe-Asia Studies. 57 (4): 625. doi:10.1080/09668130500105290. S2CID   154278084.
  4. ↑ "Germany and Kazakhstan: Bilateral Relations". Federal Foreign Office auswaertiges.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Казахстан и Германия нацелены на укрепление стратегического партнерства". mfa.gov.kz/.
  6. ↑ "EUROPEAN UNION AND KAZAKHSTAN: TRENDS IN TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION". CA&CC Press. 2003. Archived from the original on 2020-06-05. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
  7. ↑ "Foreign direct investments to Kazakhstan from Germany exceeded $183mn in 2018". inform.kz. 15 April 2019.
  8. ↑ "Joint Declaration of Intent of the high-level Green Central Asia conference". green-central-asia.net. Archived from the original on 2020-11-25. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  9. 1 2 "Deepening partnership with Kazakhstan". bundeskanzlerin.de. 18 July 2010.
  10. ↑ "Germany, Kazakhstan strengthen ties at Expo Astana 2017". EFE.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.