List of Consuls in Jerusalem, Jaffa, Haifa, and Eilat from German states. Prussia, the North German Confederacy and thereafter Germany maintained diplomatic missions in the Holy Land. The Jerusalem consulate was based on 57 Street of the Prophets at the corner with Wallenberg Street, Jerusalem. The Consulate also had affiliated vice-consulates in Jaffa and Haifa. The aim of the consulates was to represent the respective German states in the Holy Land or parts thereof. After Nazi Germany started the Second World War the consulates closed. In 1965 official diplomatic relations were established between the 1948 founded Israel and the 1949 founded West Germany. Since there is a German embassy in Tel Aviv, and later, as its affiliates, honorary consulates opened in Haifa and Eilat.
Before being elevated to a consulate of its own in 1845, the Prussian diplomatic mission in Jerusalem was a vice-consulate affiliated to the Prussian consulate in Ottoman Beirut. Occasionally consuls were personally ranked as consul general.
In 1869 the Prussian consulate was taken over by the newly founded North German Confederacy.
On 22 June 1871 the North German consulate was taken over by the newly founded Germany. In 1872 the consular ambit comprised the Ottoman districts of Akka, Balqa-Nablus and Jerusalem. [3] Consuls were occasionally personally ranked as consul general, however, only in 1913 the Jerusalem consulate was elevated to consulate general. [4] After the British conquest of Jerusalem in 1917 and the German defeat in 1918 only in 1926 the consulate general reopened.
Before the formal establishment of a vice-consulate affiliated with the Jerusalem consulate, there were consular agents, affiliated with the consulate in Beirut. In 1872, the mission in Jaffa was elevated to a vice-consulate, advancing again in 1914 to consulate, remaining throughout affiliated to the Jerusalem consulate (general; as of 1913). With the British conquest of Jaffa in 1917, the consulate closed. The London Gazette of 23 December 1932 circumscribes the consular ambit as follows: Tel Aviv, Jaffa and the coast south thereof incl. Ghazzah with the hinterland also comprising Lydda, Ramleh, Sarona, Tulkarm und Wilhelma. [9]
Originally a vice-consulate, the Haifa mission was affiliated to the Jerusalem consulate. After the Jerusalem mission had been elevated to consulate general in 1913, the Haifa mission became a consulate in 1914. [12] The London Gazette of 25 March 1938 circumscribes the Haifa consular ambit as follows: Haifa and her hinterland including Acre, Bosra, Jenin, Nazareth, Safed and Tiberias. [13] The Haifa consulate closed with the British conquest of Haifa on 23 September 1918 till 1926 and again in 1939. An honorary consulate-general was opened after 1989.
An honorary consulate was opened after 1965.
Plato Freiherr von Ustinov was a Russian-born German citizen and the owner of the Hôtel du Parc in Jaffa, Ottoman Empire.
Carl Lutz was a Swiss diplomat. He served as the Swiss Vice-Consul in Budapest, Hungary, from 1942 until the end of World War II. He is credited with saving over 62,000 Jews during the Second World War in a very large rescue operation.
Alfred Karl Gabriel Jeremias was a German pastor, Assyriologist and an expert on the religions of the ancient Near East.
Werner Johannes Krauss was a German stage and film actor. Krauss dominated the German stage of the early 20th century. However, his participation in the antisemitic propaganda film Jud Süß and his collaboration with the Nazis made him a controversial figure.
Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Rosen was a German (Lippe/Prussian) orientalist and diplomat.
Theodor August Konrad Loos was a German actor.
The German Colony was established in Ottoman Haifa in 1868 as a Christian German Templer Colony in Palestine. It was the first of several colonies established by the group in the Holy Land. Others were founded in Sarona near Jaffa, Galilee and Jerusalem.
The postage stamps and postal history of Palestine emerges from its geographic location as a crossroads amidst the empires of the ancient Near East, the Levant and the Middle East. Postal services in the region were first established in the Bronze Age, during the rule of Sargon of Akkad, and successive empires have established and operated a number of different postal systems over the millennia.
Immanuel Church is a Protestant church in the American–German Colony neighbourhood of Tel Aviv in Israel.
Gustav Bauernfeind was a German painter, illustrator and architect of partly Jewish origin. He is considered to be one of the most notable Orientalist painters of Germany.
Bruno Ziener was a German stage and film actor and director. He appeared in over 100 films between 1913 and 1941. He also directed 28 silent films such as The Flight into Death (1921).
Thorleif Paus, also known as Thorleif de Paus or Thorleif von Paus, was a Norwegian diplomat, estate owner and businessman. As a 23 year old consular secretary he became Norway's only diplomatic representative to the great power of Austria-Hungary in 1905 and in charge of obtaining diplomatic recognition of Norway following the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden; he later served as consul and acting consul-general in Vienna. Paus left Austria-Hungary in 1918 and later became a businessman in Norway, an estate owner in Sweden, where he owned Kvesarum Castle, and finally moved to Copenhagen.
The Hotel Jerusalem was the first ever luxury hotel outside of old Jaffa. It operated between the years 1870 and 1940 and had 57 rooms that occupied 1899 square meters. It was located on Rehov Auerbach #6 in the historic American Colony that soon became known also as the German Colony. The hotel is an important landmark in the development of Jaffa in the second half of the 19th century by being the first hotel outside of Jaffa’s city walls. Currently the building is part of the top-end Drisco Hotel.
The Jüdische Humanitätsgesellschaft was a Zionist organization founded in Germany in 1893 by Max Bodenheimer, Heinrich Loewe, and Max Oppenheimer.The organisation was created as a response to аntisemitism. The name that was chosen for the organisation was neutral because most of the German Jews opposed Zionism. It became a group for many future leaders in German Zionism. Members included Arthur Menachem Hantke. Because the organisation had not set any clear goals except that of Jewish self-awareness, it attracted many young students.
Otto Heinrich Greve was a German lawyer by profession and a politician of the German Democratic Party (DDP) and its successor German State Party, the Free Democratic Party and Social Democratic Party of Germany and a member of the German Bundestag.
The German foreign office had a sizable network of diplomatic missions when Nazis came to power in 1933. While it was a deeply traditional and elitist organisation within the German civil service, it enthusiastically helped the Nazis prosecute an ambitious foreign policy.
The German Templer colonies in Palestine were the settlements established in Ottoman Palestine and Mandatory Palestine by the German Pietist Templer movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. During and shortly after World War II, these colonies were depopulated, and its German residents deported to Australia.