Glossary of spider terms

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This glossary describes the terms used in formal descriptions of spiders; where applicable these terms are used in describing other arachnids.

Contents

Links within the glossary are shown in this style .

Terms

A

The underside and head of a female ecribellate entelegyne spider Spider external anatomy main en.png
The underside and head of a female ecribellate entelegyne spider

B

C

The clypeus of this jumping spider is covered with red scales. Kaldari Habronattus coecatus male 01 cropped.jpg
The clypeus of this jumping spider is covered with red scales.

D

E

Basic arrangement of spider eyes, viewed from above Spider eyes labelled en.svg
Basic arrangement of spider eyes, viewed from above
Arrangement of eyes in most Salticidae, viewed from above Salticidae eyes labelled en.svg
Arrangement of eyes in most Salticidae, viewed from above

F

Larinioides cornutus spider showing folium on abdomen Larinioides cornutus 2006-07-05.jpg
Larinioides cornutus spider showing folium on abdomen

G

H

L

M

O

P

Highly simplified and stylized diagram of the main parts of an inflated palpal bulb, based loosely on Coddington (1990); hardened parts shown darker, membranous parts shown lighter Araneae palpal bulb diagram en.png
Highly simplified and stylized diagram of the main parts of an inflated palpal bulb, based loosely on Coddington (1990); hardened parts shown darker, membranous parts shown lighter
  • Conductor: A part of the palpal bulb that accompanies and supports the embolus [6]
  • Embolus: The final part of the palpal bulb containing the end of the sperm duct, usually thin, sharp-tipped and strongly hardened (sclerotized) [6]
  • Haematodocha (plural haematodochae): A membranous, inflatable part of the palpal bulb [10]
  • Median apophysis: A projection (apophysis) of the palpal bulb, below the conductor
  • Subtegulum: A hardened part of the palpal bulb nearer its base than the tegulum
  • Tegulum: The main hardened part of the palpal bulb

R

Terminology of appendage surfaces Spider surfaces labelled en.svg
Terminology of appendage surfaces

S

Pedipalp and leg of a female spider from the underside; the coxa of the pedipalp is heavily modified to form the maxilla Spider external anatomy appendages en.png
Pedipalp and leg of a female spider from the underside; the coxa of the pedipalp is heavily modified to form the maxilla
  • Coxa (plural coxae): First leg segment, between body and trochanter; the coxa of the pedipalp is heavily modified to form the maxilla or endite
  • Trochanter: Second leg segment, between coxa and femur
  • Femur (plural femora): Third leg segment, between trochanter and patella
  • Patella (plural patellae): Fourth leg segment, between femur and tibia
  • Tibia (plural tibiae): Fifth leg segment, between patella and metatarsus
  • Metatarsus (plural metatarsi; also called basitarsus): Sixth leg segment, between tibia and tarsus; absent in the pedipalp
  • Tarsus (plural tarsi; also called telotarsus): Seventh (last) leg segment, after the metatarsus

T

U

V

Abbreviations

Some abbreviations commonly found in descriptions of spider anatomy include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 20.
  2. 1 2 3 Saaristo (2010), p. 13.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Saaristo (2010), p. 14.
  4. 1 2 Saaristo (2010), pp. 14–15.
  5. Saaristo (2010), pp. 15, 18.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Saaristo (2010), p. 15.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 21.
  8. Foelix (2011), pp. 230–231.
  9. 1 2 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 22.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Saaristo (2010), p. 17.
  11. Foelix (2011), p. 21.
  12. Ubick et al. (2009), p. 265.
  13. Roberts (1995), pp. 13–14.
  14. 1 2 Foelix (2011), pp. 17–18.
  15. Saaristo (2010), p. 16.
  16. Smith (1990).
  17. 1 2 3 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 23.
  18. Foelix (2011), pp. 102–103.
  19. Coddington, J.A. (1990). "Ontogeny and homology in the male palpus of orb-weaving spiders and their relatives, with comments on phylogeny (Araneoclada: Araneoidea, Deinopoidea)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 496 (496): 1–52. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.496. Figs 5–8{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  20. Foelix (2011), pp. 226–227.
  21. Saaristo (2010), pp. 18–19.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Saaristo (2010), p. 18.
  23. Zakharov, Boris & Ovtsharenko, Vladimir (2015). "The covering setae of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)" (PDF). Arachnologische Mitteilungen. 49: 34–46. doi:10.5431/aramit4904. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-28. Retrieved 2017-09-28.
  24. 1 2 3 4 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 24.
  25. Levy, G. (1984). "The Spider Genera Singa and Hypsosinga (Araneae, Araneidae) in Israel". Zoologica Scripta. 13 (2): 121–133. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1984.tb00029.x. S2CID   84218389.
  26. Ubick et al. (2009), p. 271.
  27. Foelix (2011), p. 27.
  28. Foelix (2011), pp. 103–104.
  29. 1 2 Foelix (2011), pp. 84–101.
  30. Foelix (2011), pp. 41, 43.
  31. 1 2 3 4 5 Saaristo (2010), p. 19.
  32. Foelix (2011), p. 36.
  33. 1 2 Jocqué & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2007), p. 26.
  34. Foelix (2011), pp. 89–92.

Bibliography