| Gold kiwifruit | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Genus | Actinidia |
| Species | Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis |
| Marketing names | Kiwi Gold |
| Origin | New Zealand (1992) |
The gold kiwifruit or yellow kiwi (t/a Kiwi Gold) is a variety of kiwifruit developed by the company Zespri International Ltd. The yellow kiwi is a different species ( Actinidia chinensis ), but of the same genus as, the green variety ( Actinidia deliciosa ).
In 1977, New Zealand agronomists from Zespri International transported A. chinensis seeds from China to the Bay of Plenty in New Zealand, where green kiwifruit had been cultivated for years. After a selection process, in 1992 a selection was obtained that had yellow flesh and sweet pulp. It was designated as Hort-16A. [1]
In 1998, Zespri introduced the yellow kiwi in the Japanese market, and in 2000 in Europe. [1]
In terms of organoleptic properties, the yellow kiwi has a less hard texture, and its skin is finer, smoother and less rough than the green kiwi fruit. The yellow kiwi has a yellowish color and is sweeter.
In terms of size and weight, it does not show significant differences (between 5 and 8 cm long). [2]
Cultivation of the yellow variety is less widespread due in part to its high susceptibility to bacteriosis, especially canker (also known as PSA (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)). [3] The first cultivar of gold kiwifruit, Hort16A, which is marketed internationally as ZespriGold, [4] suffered significant losses in New Zealand between 2010 and 2013 due to a PSA outbreak. In 2012, almost half of New Zealand's yellow kiwifruit was lost, so Zespri developed a new variety, SunGold. [5] [6] A new variety called Zesy002 was discovered, which was resistant to PSA. [7]
Some varieties of yellow kiwi are: [3]
Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry, is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus Actinidia. The most common cultivar group of kiwifruit is oval, about the size of a large hen's egg: 5–8 centimetres in length and 4.5–5.5 cm in diameter. Kiwifruit has a thin, fuzzy, fibrous, tart but edible light brown skin and light green or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible seeds. The fruit has a soft texture with a sweet and unique flavour.
Actinidia is a genus of woody and, with a few exceptions, dioecious plants native to temperate eastern Asia, occurring throughout most of China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, and extending north to southern areas of Russian Far East and south into Indochina. The genus includes shrubs growing to 6 metres tall, and vigorous, strong-growing vines, growing up to 30 m (100 ft) in tree canopies. They mostly tolerate temperatures down to around −15 °C (5 °F), and some are much hardier.
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HortResearch was a Crown Research Institute of New Zealand. The focus of research in this company was mainly in the development of new fruit varieties and other food products. It was probably most recognised for its plant breeding of various kiwifruit varieties, including new cultivars of Actinidia (genus) chinensis and arguta (species).
Actinidia arguta, the hardy kiwi, is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, Northern China, and the Russian Far East. It produces a small kiwifruit without the hair-like fiber covering the outside, unlike most other species of the genus.
Jules Émile Planchon was a French botanist born in Ganges, Hérault. He was a brother of Gustave Planchon who also studied medicinal plants.
Actinidia deliciosa, the fuzzy kiwifruit, is a fruiting vine native to Southern China. Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southern areas of Russian Far East. This species grows naturally at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 metres.
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Actinidain is a type of cysteine protease enzyme found in fruits including kiwifruit, pineapple, mango, banana, figs, and papaya. This enzyme is part of the peptidase C1 family of papain-like proteases.
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Actinidia chinensis(Planch.), known commercially as the golden kiwifruit, is a fruiting vine, native to China. It is one of some 40 related species of the genus Actinidia, and closely related to Actinidia deliciosa, which is the source of the most common commercial kiwifruit. Fruit colour may vary from green to lime green or gold, depending on breeding.
Actinidia polygama is a species of kiwifruit in the family Actinidiaceae. It grows in the mountainous areas of Korea, Japan and China at elevations between 500 and 1,900 metres.
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Zespri International Limited is the world's largest marketer of kiwifruit, selling in over 50 countries. Its international headquarters are in Mount Maunganui, New Zealand. However, it has licensed growers in Italy, France, Japan, South Korea, Greece and Australia, with trials in place in several other countries. Kiwifruit from New Zealand is available from May to October. To satisfy year-round consumer demand, Zespri markets kiwifruit from Italy from November to January.
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