 | This article contains weasel words: vague phrasing that often accompanies biased or unverifiable information.(August 2022) |
| Gold kiwifruit | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Species | Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis |
| Marketing names | Kiwi Gold |
| Origin | New Zealand |
The gold kiwifruit or mela kiwi (t/a Kiwi Gold) is a variety of kiwifruit developed by the company Zespri International Ltd. The yellow kiwi is a different species ( Actinidia chinensis ) but of the same genus as the green one ( Actinidia deliciosa ).
In 1977, New Zealand agronomists from Zespri transported A. chinensis seeds from China to the Bay of Plenty in New Zealand, where green kiwifruit had been cultivated for years. After a selection process, in 1992 a selection was obtained that had yellow flesh and sweet pulp. It was designated as Hort-16A. [1]
In 1998, Zespri introduced the yellow kiwi in the Japanese market, and in 2000 in Europe. [1]
In terms of organoleptic properties, the yellow kiwi has a less hard texture, and its skin is finer, smoother and less rough than the green kiwi fruit. The yellow kiwi has a yellowish color and is sweeter.
In terms of size and weight, it does not show significant differences (between 5 and 8 cm long). [2]
Cultivation of the yellow variety is less widespread due in part to its high susceptibility to bacteriosis, especially canker (also known as PSA (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)). [3] The first cultivar of gold kiwifruit, Hort16A, which is marketed internationally as ZespriGold, [4] suffered significant losses in New Zealand between 2010 and 2013 due to a PSA outbreak. In 2012, almost half of New Zealand's yellow kiwifruit was lost, so Zespri developed a new variety, SunGold. [5] [6] A new variety called Zesy002 was discovered, which was resistant to PSA. [7]
Some varieties of yellow kiwi are: [3]
Kiwifruit or Chinese gooseberry is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus Actinidia. The most common cultivar group of kiwifruit is oval, about the size of a large hen's egg: 5–8 centimetres in length and 4.5–5.5 cm in diameter. It has a thin, fuzzy, fibrous, tart but edible light brown skin and light green or golden flesh with rows of tiny, black, edible seeds. The fruit has a soft texture with a sweet and unique flavour.
Actinidia is a genus of woody and, with a few exceptions, dioecious plants native to temperate eastern Asia, occurring throughout most of China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, and extending north to southern areas of Russian Far East and south into Indochina. The genus includes shrubs growing to 6 metres tall, and vigorous, strong-growing vines, growing up to 30 m (100 ft) in tree canopies. They mostly tolerate temperatures down to around −15 °C (5 °F), and some are much hardier.
The bell pepper is the fruit of plants in the Grossum Group of the species Capsicum annuum. Cultivars of the plant produce fruits in different colors, including red, yellow, orange, green, white, chocolate, candy cane striped, and purple. Bell peppers are sometimes grouped with less pungent chili varieties as "sweet peppers". While they are botanically fruits—classified as berries—they are commonly used as a vegetable ingredient or side dish. Other varieties of the genus Capsicum are categorized as chili peppers when they are cultivated for their pungency, including some varieties of Capsicum annuum.
The zucchini, courgette or baby marrow is a summer squash, a vining herbaceous plant whose fruit are harvested when their immature seeds and epicarp (rind) are still soft and edible. It is closely related, but not identical, to the marrow; its fruit may be called marrow when mature.
Monstera deliciosa, the Swiss cheese plant or split-leaf philodendron is a species of flowering plant native to tropical forests of southern Mexico, south to Panama. It has been introduced to many tropical areas, and has become a mildly invasive species in Hawaii, Seychelles, Ascension Island and the Society Islands. It is very widely grown in temperate zones as a houseplant.
HortResearch was a Crown Research Institute of New Zealand. The focus of research in this company was mainly in the development of new fruit varieties and other food products. It was probably most recognised for its plant breeding of various kiwifruit varieties, including new cultivars of Actinidia (genus) chinensis and arguta (species).
Actinidia arguta, the hardy kiwi, is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, Northern China, and the Russian Far East. It produces a small kiwifruit without the hair-like fiber covering the outside, unlike most other species of the genus.
Jules Émile Planchon was a French botanist born in Ganges, Hérault.
Actinidia deliciosa, the fuzzy kiwifruit, is a fruiting vine native to Southern China. Other species of Actinidia are also found in China and range east to Japan and north into southern areas of Russian Far East. This species grows naturally at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 m.
The Kinnow is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the wider Punjab region of India and Pakistan.
Pseudomonas viridiflava is a fluorescent, Gram-negative, soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It was originally isolated from the dwarf or runner bean, in Switzerland. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. viridiflava has been placed in the P. syringae group. Following ribotypical analysis misidentified strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. ribicola and Pseudomonas syringae pv. primulae were incorporated into this species. This pathogen causes bacterial blight of Kiwifruit.
Actinidain is a type of cysteine protease enzyme found in fruits including kiwifruit, pineapple, mango, banana, figs, and papaya. This enzyme is part of the peptidase C1 family of papain-like proteases.
Fusarium acuminatum is a fungal plant pathogen.
Actinidia chinensis(Planch.), known commercially as the golden kiwifruit, is a fruiting vine, native to China. It is one of some 40 related species of the genus Actinidia, and closely related to Actinidia deliciosa, which is the source of the most common commercial kiwifruit. Fruit colour may vary from green to lime green or gold, depending on breeding.
Actinidia polygama is a species of kiwifruit in the Actinidiaceae family. It grows in the mountainous areas of Korea, Japan and China at elevations between 500 and 1,900 metres.
Kiwifruit or kiwi is a major horticultural export earner for New Zealand. New Zealand developed the first commercially viable kiwifruit and developed export markets, creating the demand for the fruit that exists today. Today New Zealand is the third largest kiwifruit producing country, next to China and Italy, and holds approximately 30% of the market share. In the 2008–2009 season the value of New Zealand kiwifruit exports was NZ$1.45 billion.
Passiflora pinnatistipula, commonly known as poro poro or gulupa(Colombia), is a climbing perennial that grows in the Cajamarca region of Peru. The departments of Cundinamarca and Boyaca in Colombia produce the purple variety; the yellow, "Hawaiiana" variety is mainly grown in the Valley of Cauca. It has also been cultivated in Australia, India, U.S., Kenya, Java, Sumatra, Malaysia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Taiwan.
Stathmopoda skelloni, the yellow featherfoot, is a species of moth in the Stathmopodidae family. It is endemic to New Zealand and can be found throughout the country. This species inhabits native forest, coastal dunes and shrubland as well as cultivated gardens and orchards. The larvae of this species feed on a variety of plant species including agricultural crops such as kiwifruit and persimmons. The adult moths are on the wing from September until March and are nocturnal but are attracted to light.
National symbols of New Zealand are used to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life and history.
Zespri International Limited is the world's largest marketer of kiwifruit, selling in over 50 countries. Its international headquarters are in Mount Maunganui, New Zealand. However, it has licensed growers in Italy, France, Japan, South Korea, Greece and Australia, with trials in place in several other countries. Kiwifruit from New Zealand is available from May to October. To satisfy year-round consumer demand, Zespri markets kiwifruit from Italy from November to January.