Hornchurch is a suburban town in East London the London Borough of Havering. It is located 15.2 miles (24.5 km) east-northeast of Charing Cross. It comprises a number of shopping streets and a large residential area. It historically formed a large ancient parish in the county of Essex that became the manor and liberty of Havering. The economic history of Hornchurch is underpinned by a shift away from agriculture to other industries with the growing significance of nearby Romford as a market town and centre of administration. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Hornchurch significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming an urban district in 1926 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is the location of Queen's Theatre, Havering Sixth Form College and Havering College of Further and Higher Education.
Rayne is a village of about 2,300 residents in the Braintree district of Essex in the East of England.
The field elm cultivar 'Atinia' , commonly known as the English elm, formerly common elm and horse may, and more lately the Atinian elm was, before the spread of Dutch elm disease, the most common field elm in central southern England, though not native there, and one of the largest and fastest-growing deciduous trees in Europe. R. H. Richens noted that elm populations exist in north-west Spain and northern Portugal, and on the Mediterranean coast of France that "closely resemble the English elm" and appear to be "trees of long standing" in those regions rather than recent introductions. Augustine Henry had earlier noted that the supposed English elms planted extensively in the Royal Park at Aranjuez from the late 16th century onwards, specimens said to have been introduced from England by Philip II and "differing in no respects from the English elm in England", behaved as native trees in Spain. He suggested that the tree "may be a true native of Spain, indigenous in the alluvial plains of the great rivers, now almost completely deforested".
Ulmus minor subsp. minor, the narrow-leaved elm, was the name used by R. H. Richens (1983) for English field elms that were not English elm, Cornish elm, Lock elm or Guernsey elm. Many publications, however, continue to use plain Ulmus minor for Richens's subspecies, a name Richens reserved for the undifferentiated continental field elms. Dr Max Coleman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh argued in his 2002 paper 'British Elms' that there was no clear distinction between species and subspecies.
Great Bardfield is a large village in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It is located approximately 9 mi (14 km) northwest of the town of Braintree, and approximately 12 mi (19 km) southeast of Saffron Walden.
Saffron Walden is a constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2017 by Kemi Badenoch, a Conservative.
Hatfield Peverel is a village and civil parish at the centre of Essex, England. It is located 6 miles (10 km) north-east from Chelmsford, the nearest large city, to which it is connected by road and rail. The parish includes the hamlets of Nounsley and Mowden. Hatfield means a 'heathery space in the forest'; Peverel refers to William Peverel, the Norman knight granted lands in the area by William the Conqueror after the Norman invasion of 1066. Sited on high ground east of the River Ter, between Boreham and Witham on the A12, it is situated in the southern extremity of the Braintree District Council area. In 2020, the built-up area subdivision had an estimated population of 3,226. In 2011, the built-up area which includes Nounsley had a population of 3,950 and the parish had a population of 4,376.
Pleshey is a historic village and civil parish in the Chelmsford district, in the county of Essex, England, 6 miles (10 km) north-west of Chelmsford. The Normans built a motte and bailey in the late 11th century; the motte is one of the largest of its kind in Great Britain. It was besieged several times during the Barons' Wars and rebellions in the 13th centuries.
Ashingdon is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is located about 2.5 miles (4 km) north of Rochford and is 13 miles (21 km) southeast from the county town of Chelmsford. The village lies within Rochford District and the parliamentary constituency of Rayleigh.
Bardfield Saling is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of The Salings, in the Braintree district, in the county of Essex, England. It is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Braintree and is 12 miles (19 km) north from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the parliamentary constituency of Braintree. The parish is part of the Panfield, Shalford and The Salings parish cluster.
Finchingfield is a village in the Braintree district in north Essex Essex, England, a primarily rural area. It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) from Thaxted, farther from the larger towns of Saffron Walden and Braintree.
White Notley is a parish in Essex, England. The settlement lies equidistant between the towns of Witham and Braintree amongst arable farmland, 4 miles (6.4 km) in each direction. White Notley is a quintessentially English village with a small primary school, public house, railway station, post office, village hall and a 10th-century church. The village has a population of fewer than five hundred inhabitants, but at the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was measured at 522. Railway service is provided at the White Notley railway station on the Braintree Branch Line. It forms part of the Parliamentary Constituency of Witham.
Ulmus minorMill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland, although it may have been introduced by humans. The tree's typical habitat is low-lying forest along the main rivers, growing in association with oak and ash, where it tolerates summer floods as well as droughts.
Ulmus × hollandicaMill. , often known simply as Dutch elm, is a natural hybrid between Wych elm and field elm Ulmus minor which commonly occurs across Europe wherever the ranges of the parent species overlap. In England, according to the field-studies of R. H. Richens, "The largest area [of hybridization] is a band extending across Essex from the Hertfordshire border to southern Suffolk. The next largest is in northern Bedfordshire and adjoining parts of Northamptonshire. Comparable zones occur in Picardy and Cotentin in northern France". Crosses between U. × hollandica and either of the parent species are also classified as U. × hollandica. Ulmus × hollandica hybrids, natural and artificial, have been widely planted elsewhere.
Great Notley is a village to the south-west of Braintree, Essex in England. It has an approximate population of 7,845 and became an independent civil parish on 1 April 2000 as a result of The Great Notley Parish Council Order 2000.
Braintree is a town and former civil parish in Essex, England. The principal settlement of Braintree District, it is located 10 miles northeast of Chelmsford, 35 miles (56 km) northwest of Southend-on-Sea, and 15 mi (24 km) west of Colchester. According to the 2021 Census, the town had a population of 43,492, while the urban area, which includes Great Notley, Rayne, Tye Green and High Garrett, had a population of 55,792.
Panfield is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It is near the town of Braintree.
Bocking is an area of Braintree and former civil parish, now in the unparished area of Braintree and Bocking, in the Braintree district, in the county of Essex, England.
Little Maplestead is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England.
Ulmus of King & Co nursery, Rayne, are elms grown from cuttings taken in the early 1990s from two to four old trees surviving near Witham, Essex, England, amidst others afflicted by Dutch elm disease (DED). Released in 2010, they are described by the nursery that marketed them as "English elm". A 2010 genetic test referred to them as "English Elm ", an identification presumably supplied by the nursery itself. At Kew, however, three King & Co elms are listed as U. minorMill., without a cultivar name. The 2010 genetic test found the source trees sampled to be of different genotypes.
The Great Saling elm
