The field elm cultivar 'Atinia' , commonly known as the English elm, formerly common elm and horse may, and more lately the Atinian elm, was, before the spread of Dutch elm disease, the most common field elm in central southern England, though not native there, and one of the largest and fastest-growing deciduous trees in Europe. R. H. Richens noted that elm populations exist in north-west Spain and northern Portugal, and on the Mediterranean coast of France that "closely resemble the English elm" and appear to be "trees of long standing" in those regions rather than recent introductions. Augustine Henry had earlier noted that the supposed English elms planted extensively in the Royal Park at Aranjuez from the late 16th century onwards, specimens said to have been introduced from England by Philip II and "differing in no respects from the English elm in England", behaved as native trees in Spain. He suggested that the tree "may be a true native of Spain, indigenous in the alluvial plains of the great rivers, now almost completely deforested".
Ulmus minor subsp. minor, the narrow-leaved elm, was the name used by R. H. Richens (1983) for English field elms that were not English elm, Cornish elm, Lock elm or Guernsey elm. Many publications, however, continue to use plain Ulmus minor for Richens's subspecies, a name Richens reserved for the undifferentiated continental field elms. Dr Max Coleman of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh argued in his 2002 paper 'British Elms' that there was no clear distinction between species and subspecies.
Great Bardfield is a large village in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It is approximately 9 mi (14 km) northwest of the town of Braintree, and approximately 12 mi (19 km) southeast of Saffron Walden.
Toppesfield is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. The village is approximately 19 miles (31 km) north from the county town of Chelmsford, and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west from the village of Great Yeldham. The parish contains the hamlets of Gainsford End and Grass Green.
Hatfield Peverel is a village and civil parish at the centre of Essex, England. It is located 6 miles (10 km) north-east from Chelmsford, the nearest large city, to which it is connected by road and rail. The parish includes the hamlets of Nounsley and Mowden. Hatfield means a 'heathery space in the forest'; Peverel refers to William Peverel, the Norman knight granted lands in the area by William the Conqueror after the Norman invasion of 1066. Sited on high ground east of the River Ter, between Boreham and Witham on the A12, it is situated in the southern extremity of the Braintree District Council area. In 2020, the built-up area subdivision had an estimated population of 3,226. In 2011, the built-up area which includes Nounsley had a population of 3,950 and the parish had a population of 4,376.
Ashingdon is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is located about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Rochford and is 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Chelmsford. The village lies within Rochford District and the parliamentary constituency of Rayleigh.
Bardfield Saling is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of The Salings, in the Braintree district, in the county of Essex, England. It is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of Braintree and is 12 miles (19 km) north from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the parliamentary constituency of Braintree. The parish is part of the Panfield, Shalford and The Salings parish cluster.
Finchingfield is a village in the Braintree district in North Essex, England, a primarily rural area. It is approximately 6 miles (10 km) from Thaxted, farther from the larger towns of Saffron Walden and Braintree.
White Notley is a parish in Essex, England. The settlement lies equidistant between the towns of Witham and Braintree amongst arable farmland, 4 miles (6.4 km) in each direction. White Notley is a quintessentially English village with a small primary school, public house, railway station, post office, village hall and a 10th-century church. The village has a population of fewer than five hundred inhabitants, but at the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was measured at 522. Railway service is provided at the White Notley railway station on the Braintree Branch Line. It forms part of the Parliamentary Constituency of Witham.
Ulmus minorMill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland, although it may have been introduced by humans. The tree's typical habitat is low-lying forest along the main rivers, growing in association with oak and ash, where it tolerates summer floods as well as droughts.
Ulmus × hollandicaMill. , often known simply as Dutch elm, is a natural hybrid between Wych elm and field elm Ulmus minor which commonly occurs across Europe wherever the ranges of the parent species overlap. In England, according to the field-studies of R. H. Richens, "The largest area [of hybridization] is a band extending across Essex from the Hertfordshire border to southern Suffolk. The next largest is in northern Bedfordshire and adjoining parts of Northamptonshire. Comparable zones occur in Picardy and Cotentin in northern France". Crosses between U. × hollandica and either of the parent species are also classified as U. × hollandica. Ulmus × hollandica hybrids, natural and artificial, have been widely planted elsewhere.
Ridgewell is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England, about six miles from Haverhill on the main road between Haverhill and Braintree.
Wicklewood is a village and civil parish in the South Norfolk district of Norfolk, England. It is located 11 miles (18 km) west of Norwich next to the market town of Wymondham, neighbouring the villages of Deopham, Hackford and Kimberley. It covers an area of 8.75 km2 (3.38 sq mi) and had a population of 886 in 345 households at the 2001 census, which had increased to 922 at the 2011 Census.
Stambourne is a village and civil parish in the Braintree District in north Essex, England. The civil parish population at the 2011 Census was 409. Stambourne's closest neighbouring villages are Ridgewell, Toppesfield, Cornish Hall End and Great Yeldham.
Braintree is a town in Essex, England, and is the principal settlement of Braintree District. It is located 10 miles (16 km) north-east of Chelmsford, 15 miles (24 km) west of Colchester and 35 miles (56 km) north-west of Southend-on-Sea. According to the 2021 Census, the town had a population of 43,492; the urban area, which includes Great Notley, Rayne, Tye Green and High Garrett, had a population of 55,793.
Rivenhall is a village and civil parish near Witham in the Braintree district in the English county of Essex. It is near the small settlement of Rivenhall End. In 2021 the parish had a population of 1147.
Panfield is a village and civil parish in the Braintree district of Essex, England. It is near the town of Braintree.
Bocking is a suburban village on the northern side of Braintree, in Essex, England.
Little Henny is a hamlet and civil parish in the Braintree district in the county of Essex, England. It shares a parish council with Great Henny and Twinstead called "Hennys', Middleton & Twinstead". It is near the town of Sudbury in Suffolk. In 2001 the parish had a population of 48.
Ulmus of King & Co nursery, Rayne, are elms grown from cuttings taken in the early 1990s from two to four old trees surviving in north Essex, England, amidst others afflicted by Dutch elm disease (DED). Photographs of the first source tree, near Braintree, appeared in the press in 2010. The second source tree is known locally as the Lynfields Elm, near Witham. Released in 2010, the saplings are described by the nursery that marketed them as "English elm". A 2010 genetic test referred to them as "English Elm ", an identification presumably supplied by the nursery itself. At Kew, however, three King & Co elms are listed as U. minorMill., without a cultivar name. The 2010 genetic test found the source trees sampled to be of different genotypes.
The Great Saling elm
