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The descort was a form and genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry used by troubadours. It was heavily discordant in verse form and/or feeling and often used to express disagreement. It was possibly invented by Garin d'Apchier when he wrote Quan foill'e flors reverdezis ; the invention is credited to him by a vida, and these are unreliable. Gautier de Dargies imported the descort into Old French and wrote and composed three.
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A torneyamen or certamen was a lyric genre of the troubadours of the thirteenth century. Closely related to the tenso, a debate between two poets, and the partimen, a question posed by one poet and another's response, the torneyamen took place between several poets, originally usually three. The first three-way tenso was initiated by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras with Ademar de Peiteus and Perdigon. These wider tensos only became known as torneyamens later. A tenso or partimen that was submitted to another troubadour for adjudication may have a poetic jutjamen (judgement) attached to it and so may be considered as a torneyamen between three. The torneyamen, like the related debate forms, was probably especially common at contests, such as floral games and puys. Many such tensos and partimens come with attached jutjamens rendered in verse, as in the example Senyer Bernatz, dues puncelhas say cited below.
Raimbaut is a given name. Notable people with the name include:
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Adémar II de Poitiers, known in Old Occitan as Ademar or Aimeric de Peiteus, was the count of Valentinois and de facto ruler of Diois from 1188 or 1189 until 1230. He was the son of Count Guillaume and grandson of Count Adémar I. He married Philippa, daughter of Guillaume-Jourdain, the lord of Fay, and Météline de Clérieu. The Finnish scholar Aimo Sakari hypothesised that Philippa of Fay was the famous trobairitz known as the Comtessa de Dia, and that the friend (amic) mentioned by the Comtessa in her poems was the troubadour Raimbaut de Vaqueiras. Around 1195–96, Adémar himself participated in a three-way torneyamen with Raimbaut de Vaqueiras and Perdigon.
The devinalh, was a genre of Old Occitan lyric poetry practiced by some troubadours. It takes the form of a riddle, or series of riddles or cryptograms and is, if read literally, mostly nonsensical. Known practitioners include Guilhen de Peiteu, Raimbaut of Orange, Giraut de Bornelh, Guilhem Ademar, Guilhem de Berguedan and Raimbaut de Vaqueiras.
12th century in music – 13th century in music – 1300s in music
References
- ↑ de Vaqueiras, Raimbaut. "Canso 14 (Ja non cujei vezer)". Raimbaut de Vaqueiras: Complete Works. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ↑ Lewent, Kurt (Feb 1946). "The troubadours and the romance of 'Jaufre'". Modern Philology. 43 (3). The University of Chicago Press: 153–169. doi:10.1086/388685. JSTOR 434704. S2CID 162238781.