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The Gurdjieff movements are a series of sacred dances that were collected or authored by G. I. Gurdjieff. He taught his students as part of the work of self observation and self study. [1] [2]
Gurdjieff taught that the movements were not merely calisthenics, exercises in concentration, and displays of bodily coordination and aesthetic sensibility. Instead, he taught that the movements were embedded real, concrete knowledge, passed from generation to generation of initiates, each posture and gesture representing some cosmic truth that the informed observer could read like a book.[ citation needed ] Certain of Gurdjieff's followers claim that the Gurdjieff movements can only be properly transmitted by those who themselves have been initiated in the direct line of Gurdjieff; otherwise, they say, it leads nowhere.[ citation needed ]
The movements are purportedly based upon traditional dances that Gurdjieff studied as he traveled throughout central Asia, India, Tibet, and Africa where he encountered various Indo-European and Sufi orders, Buddhist centers and other sources of traditional culture and learning. [3] However, Gurdjieff insists that the main source, as well as the unique symbol of the Enneagram, was transmitted to him as an initiate in the Sarmoung Monastery.[ citation needed ] Gurdjieff collected and taught thousands of movements throughout his teaching career. As Gurdjieff forbade his students to take notes of the choreographies, most of the movements have been lost over the years. According to estimates, about 250 authentic choreographies were preserved by his students. [4] The music for the movements was written by Gurdjieff and Thomas de Hartmann, as well as British composer Edward Salim Michael. [5]
A brief glimpse of the dances appears at the very end of the motion picture about Gurdjieff, Meetings with Remarkable Men , produced and directed in 1978 by Peter Brook. [6]
Sufism, also known as Tasawwuf, is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism, asceticism, and esotericism. It has been variously defined as "Islamic mysticism", "the mystical expression of Islamic faith", "the inward dimension of Islam", "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", the "main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization" of mystical practice in Islam, and "the interiorization and intensification of Islamic faith and practice".
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Moore also re- ports that an extensive study of Mevlevi (Sufi) music and movements was conducted by Gurdjieff