Gymnasium Theodorianum | |
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Address | |
Kamp 4 , , 33098 Germany | |
Information | |
Type | Gymnasium |
Established | 799 (current building: 1612) |
Founder | Not documented, likely Charlemagne |
Headmaster | Nicole Michaelis |
Staff | 70 |
Gender | Mixed (since 1971) |
Age | 10to 18 |
Enrolment | 723 |
Website | https://www.theodorianum.de/ |
The Gymnasium Theodorianum is a grammar school situated in the historic centre of Paderborn, Germany. Succeeding in the tradition of the cathedral school founded in 799, it is among the ten oldest schools in the world. It continues in the ideals of Renaissance humanism, with Latin taught as the primary foreign language and Ancient Greek offered as an additional subject. The school has produced several leading German political, scientific, religious and military figures. It is known locally simply as the “Theo”.
The exact founding year cannot be established definitively. It is however directly linked to the construction of the Paderborn Cathedral in 777, along with a monastery in 780. On the occasion of Pope Leo III’s visit to Paderborn in 799, Charlemagne made a donation to the monastery, which likely included the cathedral school. This date is therefore widely considered the original founding date. The location of the school changed a number of times over subsequent years, within the immediate vicinity of the cathedral. Altmann, Bishop of Passau (1015-1091) is the first documented headmaster of the school. Further early headmasters included Reinher of Paderborn (1140-1190), who found a better method for calculating the Easter date, and crusader Cardinal Thomas Olivier (1170-1227).
Following a period of decline during the 14th century, in competition with the appearance of universities, the school experienced a renewal under the rule of Bishop Salentin of Isenburg and headmaster Hermann von Kerssenbroch in the 1500s. The influence of renaissance humanism from this period is still a distinctive presence in the school ethos and curriculum. The school became Lutheran soon thereafter, like most of the citizenry of Paderborn, [1] until the efforts of the Jesuits gradually led to a return of the school to Catholicism, marking the beginning of the Counter Reformation in the region. Under the Prince-bishop of Paderborn, Theodor von Fürstenberg, the forceful submission of Lutheranism in Paderborn was complete by 1604.
During this time the school also gradually moved to its current location, away from the immediate vicinity of the cathedral, with the current school buildings completed in 1612 and the church completed in 1692. The church, with a significant baroque altar, is used for school services to this day. The name Theodorianum also stems from this time. [2]
Following the devastation of the Thirty Years War the school and wider region experienced a period of baroque bloom, at times numbered among the largest schools in Westphalia with up to 1000 pupils. A notable alumnus from this time is the important baroque architect and general Johann Conrad Schlaun, responsible for such buildings as Schloss Münster and the Erbdrostenhof.
The annexation of the region by Prussia in 1802 resulted in the development of the school along the lines of German new humanism. Protestant and Jewish pupils were now admitted and the curriculum modernised according to the Humboldtian model of higher education under Friedrich Kohlrausch. In 1874 the school was officially secularised, ending its overt association with the Catholic Church, with its last clerical headmaster leaving in 1884. A rapid growth in student numbers at this time necessitated the expansion of the school buildings, completed in 1893.
From 1847 to 1979 a minor seminary was established by the Archdiocese in the nearby Liborianum for boys considering the priesthood. The majority of their education was provided by the Theodorianum.
Notable pupils from this period were the German Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno, the “father of modern analysis” Karl Weierstrass, the anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Waldeyer, the composer Engelbert Humperdinck, and the resistance fighter Paul Lejeune-Jung.
Between January and March 1945 the school was severely damaged by bombing, including the complete destruction of its library of 14,000 books. Reconstruction of the school was largely completed by 1954, with the main spire finished in 1975 and the church's baroque altar in 2004. [3] From 1971 the school began to accept girls, though a boys’ class remained into the 1990s.
From 2013 to 2014 the school worked in partnership with the Mildenhall College Academy, Suffolk to create a monument commemorating the Christmas Truce. The monument is thought to be the first of its kind in Europe. It is located in the Peace Village of Mesen, Belgium. [4]
Latin remains compulsory in Years 5-10 (approximately ages 10–16), being optional thereafter. English is also compulsory as a foreign language, though secondary to Latin. In Year 8 (age 14), either French or Ancient Greek are chosen as additional languages. From Year 10 (age 16), Spanish is also optionally available. [5]
Paderborn is a city in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. The name of the city derives from the river Pader and Born, an old German term for the source of a river. The river Pader originates in more than 200 springs near Paderborn Cathedral, where St. Liborius is buried.
Erftstadt is a town located about 20 km south-west of Cologne in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis, state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The name of the town derives from the river that flows through it, the Erft. The neighbouring towns are Brühl, Kerpen, Zülpich and Weilerswist.
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Franz Friedrich Wilhelm von Fürstenberg was a German politician and the most important statesman in the Principality of Münster in the second half of the 18th century. Fürstenberg was committed to a cautious and enlightened course of reform.
Göttweig Abbey is a Benedictine monastery near Krems in Lower Austria. It was founded in 1083 by Altmann, Bishop of Passau.
The House of Fürstenberg is the name of a German noble family of Westphalia, which descended from Hermannus de Vorstenberg. He was a liegeman of the Archbishop of Cologne, who was among the prince electors of the Holy Roman Empire. Hermannus held a castle for his lord called Fürstenberg at Ense-Höingen in Soest; this castle would give the family its name. His son was Wilhelm von Vorstenberg, the Justiciar and Castellan of Werl.
The Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn was an ecclesiastical principality (Hochstift) of the Holy Roman Empire from 1281 to 1802.
The Dreikönigsgymnasium is a regular public Gymnasium located in Cologne, Germany. Founded in 1450 by the city of Cologne, it is the oldest school in Cologne and one of the oldest in Germany. In 1556 it was transferred to Jesuit control through the son of the mayor, who had become a Jesuit. The Jesuits continued to run the school until 1778, when control was restored to the city after the papal suppression of the Jesuits of 1773.
Egon VIII of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg was Imperial Count of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg (1618–1635) and Bavarian Field-marshal, and an important military leader in the Thirty Years' War.
Ferdinand of Fürstenberg, contemporaneously also known as Ferdinandus liber baro de Furstenberg, was, as Ferdinand II, Prince Bishop of Paderborn from 1661 to 1683 and also Prince Bishop of Münster from 1678 to 1683, having been its coadjutor since 1667/68. He brought almost complete restoration to the Bishopric of Paderborn after the devastation of the Thirty Years' War.
Justus Wehmer was a German master builder of the Baroque era. He was the architect of the eighteenth century Hildesheim Cathedral and surrounding buildings. He was also responsible for the design of various town houses and manor houses in Westphalia.
Albo(no) (year of birth unknown - after 1177 in Freising) was from 1165 to 1169 the 28th Bishop of Passau.
Otto von Lonsdorf was a 13th-century Bishop of Passau.
Oliver of Paderborn, also known as Oliver Scholasticus or Oliver of Cologne, was a German cleric, crusader and chronicler. He was the bishop of Paderborn from 1223 until 1225, when Pope Honorius III made him cardinal-bishop of Sabina. He was the first Paderborn bishop to become a cardinal. Oliver played a significant role in the Crusades as a preacher, participant and chronicler.
A pilgrimage to a statue of Mary in Werl, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, caused the building of pilgrimage churches there. The first one, completed in 1662, was replaced by a Baroque building completed in 1789, which later became known as the Alte Wallfahrtskirche. When it became too small, an adjacent Wallfahrtsbasilika was built, dedicated to the Visitation. It was declared a Basilica minor in 1953.
Heinrich Bone was a German educator and hymnwriter. He wrote a reader for German studies which was used for higher education in Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and Austria, until it was banned during the Kulturkampf. He published a hymnal, Cantate!, which was used by several Catholic dioceses and became a model for common hymnals. Some of his own hymns, including paraphrases of Latin hymns, are part of recent hymnals, both Catholic and Protestant, such as "Komm, Schöpfer Geist, kehr bei uns ein" as a paraphrase of the 9th-century hymn for Pentecost, Veni Creator Spiritus.
Johann IV of Osnabrück was a German nobleman and prince-bishop. From his father Johann VII's death in 1535 onwards he was known as Count (Graf) Johann VIII von Hoya zu Stolzenau. From 1553 he was Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück, then from 1566 Prince-Bishop of Münster and finally from 1568 administrator of the Bishopric of Paderborn.
Wilhelm Anton Freiherr von der Asseburg was a German clergyman and Prince-Bishop for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paderborn. He was ordained in 1763 and appointed bishop in 1763.