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HŽ 1161 001 at Zagreb railway station | |||||||||||||||||
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The HŽ Series 1161 is an experimental electric locomotive series belonging to Croatian Railways (Croatian : hrvatske željeznice, HŽ).
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor.
Croatian Railways is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78.
Croatian is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is also one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a recognized minority language in Serbia and neighboring countries.
The two units of JŽ 462 (HŽ 1161) series were converted from the JŽ 362 (HŽ 1061) series. The reelectrification of the Zagreb - Rijeka line was planned, involving change from 3 kV DC to 25 kV 50 Hz AC. To keep costs down, it was planned to reuse as many parts as possible. Also, newly used parts had to be compatible with the JŽ 441 (HŽ 1141). The modified locomotive had also to comply with the technical regulations.
The HŽ series 1061 is a 6-axle articulated electric locomotive series that was used by Croatian Railways. In Slovenia it is known as SŽ series 362. This locomotive, built by Ansaldo-Breda, is derived from Italian FS Class E636 and was originally donated by the Italian government. It was known as JŽ series 362 in SFRJ.
Railway electrification systems using alternating current (AC) at 25 kilovolts (kV) are used worldwide, especially for high-speed rail.
The bogies were reused, the main frame was reinforced. The traction motors and pantographs had to be modified for the higher voltage.
A bogie is a chassis or framework that carries a wheelset, attached to a vehicle—a modular subassembly of wheels and axles. Bogies take various forms in various modes of transport. A bogie may remain normally attached or be quickly detachable ; it may contain a suspension within it, or be solid and in turn be suspended ; it may be mounted on a swivel, as traditionally on a railway carriage or locomotive, additionally jointed and sprung, or held in place by other means.
Newly used parts included: the main transformer, new direction switch, new electrical amplifier, new air compressor and some parts of the pneumatic devices.
A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which, in turn, induces a varying electromotive force across a second coil wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between the two coils, without a metallic connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction discovered in 1831 described the induced voltage effect in any coil due to changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.
An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the power of a signal. It is a two-port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a power supply to increase the amplitude of a signal applied to its input terminals, producing a proportionally greater amplitude signal at its output. The amount of amplification provided by an amplifier is measured by its gain: the ratio of output voltage, current, or power to input. An amplifier is a circuit that has a power gain greater than one.
An air compressor is a device that converts power into potential energy stored in pressurized air. By one of several methods, an air compressor forces more and more air into a storage tank, increasing the pressure. When tank pressure reaches its engineered upper limit, the air compressor shuts off. The compressed air, then, is held in the tank until called into use. The energy contained in the compressed air can be used for a variety of applications, utilizing the kinetic energy of the air as it is released and the tank depressurizes. When tank pressure reaches its lower limit, the air compressor turns on again and re-pressurizes the tank. An air compressor must be differentiated from a pump because it works for any gas/air, while pumps work on a liquid.
It is the first six-axle locomotive at Croatian Railways. The 1061 number was changed to 1161, in order to indicate a new subseries.
On 23 March first test drive was performed. The unit was permitted into the traffic. The locomotive was further tested.
Serial production never happened. Although Zagreb Workshop showed, that it could do the job, the real full re-electrification of Zagreb-Rijeka line has not happened yet. Croatian Railways do today rent multi-system locomotives in order to drive the whole line non-stop. A power conversion on the total line is slated to be finished soon.
These two locomotives had different liveries. One had the red livery, reassembling the original "ASEA" colouring, and the other one had grey livery with blue stripes. The grey with blue livery was later chosen as Croatian Railways standard company livery.
The 1061 and subsequently 1161 have reached almost the end of their useful life. Probably, newer and more modern locomotives will be purchased to serve Zagreb-Rijeka line. Either the experience from this two prototypes will be used to modernise series 1061 to 1161, once Zagreb-Rijeka line gets consistent voltage, or this units just were a successful experiment, but performed in wrong time.
The British Rail Class 92 is a dual-voltage electric locomotive which can run on 25 kV AC from overhead wires or 750 V DC from a third rail. It was designed specifically to operate services through the Channel Tunnel between Britain and France. Eurotunnel indicates the Class 92 locomotive as the reference for other locomotives which railway undertakings might want to get certified for usage in the Channel tunnel.
The G26 is a General Motors diesel-electric locomotive built in the US by Electro-Motive Diesel for export and in Australia by Clyde Engineering under licence. The G26 was developed to increase traction capacities on the tracks which supported lesser axle loadings. They were intended for main line freight and passenger traffic.
The Y1 is a diesel-hydraulic standard gauge railcar. It is in use in Croatia, Cuba, Norway, Serbia, Kosovo, Sweden and Uruguay. The production of the railcars was begun in 1980 by Kalmar Verkstad and Fiat Ferroviaria for Sweden.
The JŽ class 441 is an electric locomotive built for Yugoslav Railways. The units are now used by Hrvatske željeznice, Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine, Željeznice Republike Srpske, Serbian Railways and Rail transport of TPP Nikola Tesla, Makedonski Železnici, Turkish State Railways and Romanian Railways-CFR.
The HŽ series 6111 is an electric multiple unit used by Croatian Railways, formerly the class JŽ 411 during the Yugoslav period. The vehicles were built by Ganz, Hungary.
The single locomotive designated JŽ 341 is a curiosity.
The EMD G16 is a diesel locomotive built by General Motors in the USA and under licence by Clyde Engineering in Australia and MACOSA in Spain. It has been used in Australia, Brazil, Egyptian Railways, Hong Kong, Israel Railways, Mexico, Spain, Yugoslav Railways and on the successor Croatian Railways, Slovenian Railways, Serbian Railways, Macedonian Railways, Railways of Republika Srpska, Kosovo Railways and Railways of Bosnia and Herzegovina Federation.
Rb is an electric locomotive operated by Swedish State Railways. Six locomotives were built by ASEA, in three series designated Rb1, Rb2 or Rb3.
The DB Class V 60 is a German diesel locomotive operated by the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and later, the Deutsche Bahn AG, which is used particularly for shunting duties, but also for hauling light goods trains. Seventeen locomotives were bought used by the Norwegian State Railways and designated NSB Di 5. Also the Yugoslav Railways bought used units, and designated them JŽ 734; they were subsequently designated Series 2133 by the Croatian Railways.
TŽV Gredelj is a state-owned Croatian rolling stock company founded in 1894 as the railway workshops of the Hungarian State Railways.
The South African Railways Class 6E1, Series 4 of 1973 was an electric locomotive.
The South African Railways Class 6E1, Series 8 of 1979 was an electric locomotive.
The Córas Iompair Éireann 071 Class or Northern Ireland Railways 111 Class is a General Motors Electro-Motive Division EMD JT22CW series diesel-electric locomotive used in both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. Serbia utilises four similar locomotives as JŽ series 666.
The JŽ 664 locomotives were a class of diesel locomotives operated by Yugoslav Railways. They are an GM-EMD export model of type EMD G26, subclass 664-0 was built by EMD, subclass 664-1 was built by Đuro Đaković from 1972 until 1984.
The ŽS series 444 is an electric locomotive built for Serbian Railways obtained by thyristorisation of 30 ŽS series 441 locomotives.
The JŽ series 461 is a six-axle electric locomotive built for Yugoslav Railways in Romania. Today there are known as ŽS series 461 in Serbia, ŽCG series 461 in Montenegro and MŽ series 461 with Macedonian railways.
ŽS series 812 was a diesel motor railbus operated by Serbian Railways. Originally it was the German Uerdingen railbus produced by GOŠA for Yugoslav Railways (JŽ).