Transport in Croatia relies on several main modes, including transport by car, train, ship and plane. Road transport incorporates a comprehensive network of state, county and local routes augmented by a network of highways for long-distance travelling. Water transport can be divided into sea, based on the ports of Rijeka, Ploče, Split and Zadar, and river transport, based on Sava, Danube and, to a lesser extent, Drava. Croatia has 9 international airports and several airlines, of which the most notable are Croatia Airlines and Trade Air. Rail network is fairly developed but regarding inter-city transport, bus tends to be far more common than the rail.
A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines. A DMU requires no separate locomotive, as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as DMUs. Diesel-powered units may be further classified by their transmission type: diesel–mechanical DMMU, diesel–hydraulic DHMU, or diesel–electric DEMU.
A multiple-unit train or simply multiple unit (MU) is a self-propelled train composed of one or more carriages joined, which when coupled to another multiple unit can be controlled by a single driver, with multiple-unit train control.
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest, and standing passengers to lose their balance, or in such excessive speeds, could even cause the train to derail. Tilting trains are designed to counteract this by tilting the carriages towards the inside of the curve, thus compensating for the g-force. The train may be constructed such that inertial forces cause the tilting, or it may have a computer-controlled powered mechanism.
Căile Ferate Române was the state railway carrier of Romania. The company was dissolved on October 1, 1998 by splitting into several successor companies. As of 2014, the railway network of Romania consists of 10,777 km (6,697 mi), of which 4,029 km (2,504 mi) (37.4%) are electrified. The total track length is 22,247 km (13,824 mi), of which 8,585 km (5,334 mi) (38.5%) are electrified. The CIA World Factbook lists Romania with the 23rd largest railway network in the world. The network is significantly interconnected with other European railway networks, providing pan-European passenger and freight services. CFR as an entity has been operating since 1880, even though the first railway on current Romanian territory was opened in 1854. CFR is divided into four autonomous companies:
Slovenian Railways is the state railway company of Slovenia, created in 1991.
A railbus is a lightweight passenger railcar that shares many aspects of its construction with a bus, typically having a bus body and four wheels on a fixed base instead of on bogies. Originally designed and developed during the 1930s, railbuses have evolved into larger dimensions with characteristics similar in appearance to a light railcar, with the terms railcar and railbus often used interchangeably. Railbuses designed for use specifically on little-used railway lines were commonly employed in countries such as Germany, Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Sweden.
Yugoslav Railways, with standard acronym JŽ, was the state railway company of Yugoslavia, operational from the 1920s to the 1990s, with its final incarnation transferring to Serbia. The successor of JŽ is the joint stock company of the Serbian Railways in 2006.
Croatian Railways is the national railway company of Croatia. Croatia is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Croatia is 78. The Croatian rail network carried 20.270 million passengers in 2018.
The Y1 is a diesel-hydraulic standard gauge railcar. It is in use in Croatia, Cuba, Norway, Serbia, Kosovo, Sweden and Uruguay. The production of the railcars was begun in 1980 by Kalmar Verkstad and Fiat Ferroviaria for Sweden.
The RegioSwinger is a tilting diesel multiple unit (DMU) passenger train used for fast regional traffic on unelectrified lines.
This is a list of past and present rolling stock owned and operated by Croatian Railways, consisting of diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, diesel multiple units, electric multiple units and railroad cars. When the company began operation in 1991, it was with a collection of equipment inherited from „ŽTP Zagreb“ – a Croatian division of Yugoslav Railways. Much of this equipment was later refurbished/modernized and remains in use today. Over the years, Croatian Railways has supplemented this initial fleet with new orders and with new acquisitions of secondhand equipment from other operators.
HŽ series 7121 is a diesel multiple unit series of the Croatian Railways, consisting of a motor wagon and a trailer. These units are originally built by the factory Đuro Đaković from Slavonski Brod for "ŽTP Zagreb" in the period between 1981 and 1986. under the licence of Macosa, Spain. In 1991, the series became a part of the rolling stock of Croatian Railways (HŽ).
The HŽ series 6111 is an electric multiple unit used by Croatian Railways, formerly the class JŽ 411 of ŽTP Zagreb during the period of Yugoslav Railways. The vehicles were built by Ganz Mávag, Hungary. Most of the sets were later modernized by TŽV Gredelj between 2002 and 2015, including both interior and exterior modifications. They are popularly nicknamed Mađar (Hungarian) in reference to their country of origin.
Zagreb Commuter Rail is the suburban/commuter railway network that provides mass-transit service in the city of Zagreb, Croatia and its suburbs. This suburban rail system, introduced in 1992 on the route Savski Marof - Zagreb Main Station - Dugo Selo, is operated by Croatian Railways and mainly covers the eastern and western parts of Zagreb, using the M102 corridor between Dugo Selo and Zagreb Main Station and M101 corridor between Zagreb Main Station and Savski Marof.
ŽS series 812 was a diesel motor railbus operated by Serbian Railways. Originally it was the German Uerdingen railbus produced by Goša FOM for Yugoslav Railways (JŽ).
The Echigo TOKImeki Railway Company (ETR) is a Japanese third-sector railway operating company established in 2010 to operate passenger railway services on the sections of the JR East Shinetsu Main Line and JR West Hokuriku Main Line within Niigata Prefecture when they were separated from the respective JR Group operators in March 2015, coinciding with the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to Kanazawa. The main shareholders of the company are Niigata Prefecture, the city of Joetsu, the city of Itoigawa, and the city of Myoko.
Lika railway, officially a part of M604 railway, is a 220 km-long single-track, un-electrified railroad connecting Zagreb-Rijeka line with Knin railway hub. It mostly runs through Lika region. M604 railway is the only operating railway link between the continental Croatia and Dalmatia, especially its harbors of Split, Zadar, and Šibenik (M607). Lika railway, finished in 1925, is a key part of this link. The M604 line itself runs from Oštarije/Ogulin on Zagreb-Rijeka railway past Knin, to Split terminus. Its total length is 320 km. Historically, much older Knin-Split section of M604 line used to be known as Dalmatian railway.
The Gradec-Sveti Ivan Žabno railway, officially designated as L214 railway is a 12.5 km (7.76 mi) railway line of local significance in Croatia that connects stations Gradec and Sveti Ivan Žabno, representing the first newly built railway corridor in Croatia since 1967. The line is used for passenger and freight traffic. The main purpose of the railway's construction was to bring the city of Bjelovar and its region closer to the City of Zagreb and to provide better mutual connection between Bjelovar-Bilogora, Koprivnica-Križevci and Zagreb counties. Trains on the new line provide the inhabitants of the region faster and better daily migration to work and school as the travel time between Bjelovar and Zagreb became shortened by about 50 minutes, meaning that the riding with fast or limited-stop services between these two towns now takes approximately just over na hour. Maximum operational speed for trains along the route is 120 km/h. Work on the construction of this railway began in December 2015 and the railway was put into operation on December 15, 2019.
The Zabok – Krapina – Đurmanec – state border with Slovenia railway, officially designated as the R106 railway, is a 27.19 km (16.8 mi) long railway line in north-west Croatia which originates out of the regional corridor R201 in Zabok and connects with Slovenian railway network near Rogatec.
