El Corso was launched in Spain in 1791 as a naval brig. the British Royal Navy captured her in 1796 and took her into service as HMS Corso. She then served in the Mediterranean where she captured numerous small vessels, the great majority of which were merchant vessels. In 1802 she sailed to England. From July 1802 to her sale in September 1814 she served as a receiving ship.
On 2 December 1796 HMSSouthampton encountered the Spanish naval brig El Corso off Monaco as El Corso was on her way from Genoa to Barcelona. Southampton captured El Corso by boarding. She was armed with eighteen 6-pounder guns and had a crew of 136 men under the command of Don Antonio Oacaro.[2] The Royal Navy took the brig into service as HMS Corso.
Royal Navy
Commander Bartholomew James commissioned Corso in the Mediterranean in December 1796.[1]
On 24 August Corso captured the French privateer Francois near Corfu. Francois was armed with two guns on carriages and six swivel guns. She had a crew of 23 men under the command of Clement Roux. She was five days out of Malaga and had captured nothing.[4][lower-alpha 2]
On 18 October Corso and Espoir captured Madona del Ydra.[lower-alpha 3]
Commander Lord William Stuart was appointed to command Corso on 24 December 1798, but Lieutenant Corydon Boger, from Majestic was in temporary command on 20 November 1798 in Stuart's place. Corso was in Tangier Bay, having the day before brought a convoy into the Bay of Gibraltar. Boger encountered and chased two French privateers. He captured one of them, Adolphe, of six guns on carriages, and with a crew of 42 men. The other privateer ran on shore about two miles west of Tariff. Because dusk was approaching and the weather was hazy, Boger could not safely attempt to destroy her.[6][lower-alpha 4]
Then on 1 December Lieutenant Boger chased a French privateer on shore three leagues eastward of Cape Malabar.[lower-alpha 5] With the assistance of boats from Espoir the British were able to bring her off. When the boarding party arrived at the vessel they found that her crew had deserted her. The privateer, of unknown name, was armed with two carriage guns, two swivels, and small arms.[8]Corso and Espoir shared the prize money for the vessel, which the London Gazette, apparently mistakenly, described as the barqueAdolphe.[9]
By January 1799 Commander Stuart was in command of Corso.[lower-alpha 6] In February–March 1799 Corso was in the Ionian Islands. She had been sent there to encourage the joint Russian-Ottoman squadron under Admiral Ushakov conducting the Siege of Corfu (1798–1799) to send some vessels to join the British at Messina. Corso may have participated in the seizure of the island of Vido.[lower-alpha 7]
Stuart received promotion to post captain and took command of Spartiate at Plymouth on 9 November 1799. In November Commander William Ricketts assumed command of Corso.[1]
A French convoy carrying troops and supplies to Malta left Toulon around 7 February 1800. The convoy consisted of the 74-gun French shipGénéreux(1785), the 20-gun corvettesBadine and Fauvette, the 16-gun Sans Pareille, and two or three transport ships.
On 18 February 1800 Corso was in company with a number of ships under the command of Lord Nelson when lookouts on HMSAlexander sighted the French and gave chase. Alexander caught up with one of the French ships, which struck after Alexander fired a few shots. Nelson ordered HMSAudacious and Corso to take charge of the captured French ship while he in his flagship HMSFoudroyant, with Alexander, HMSNorthumberland, and the frigateHMSSuccess continued the chase. The British eventually caught up with Contre-amiralJean-Baptiste Perrée's flagship Généreux and forced her to surrender.
On the 19th Corso arrived at the British blockade of Malta with the vessel that Alexander had captured. The captured vessel was Ville de Marseilles, a transport armed en flûte, was carrying salt meat, brandy, wine, clothing, stores, etc.[lower-alpha 8]
In March 1800 Corso captured three merchantmen:[14]
Swedish brig Catherine, from Barcelona to Leghorn, with a cargo of wine, brandy, and cochineal (14 March);
Genoese gondolo Signora della Latera, from Cabic to Genoa, with a cargo of wheat (16 March);
Ragusan brig Assunta, from Marseilles bound to Leghorn and Ragusa, with a cargo of wine and copper (20 March).
While Napoleon Bonaparte and his army were in Egypt, Bonaparte sent an emissary with gifts to the Bashaw of Tripoli, who consequently expelled the British consul general there. Nelson had Corso convey the consul general back to Tripoli with Ricketts negotiating the consul's reinstatement. Over subsequent months Corso sailed to and from Tripoli several times.[15]
Corso also assisted at the siege of Genoa (6 April – 4 June 1800). Her dispersal of a grain convoy helped the Austrian forces to capture the city, albeit only temporarily.[15]
In June and July Corso captured more merchant vessels:[16]
French tartane, name unknown, carrying flour (25 June);
Ragusan brig Pastor Fidele, from Barcelona to Leghorn, carrying brandy (11 July);
Ragusan brig San Gaetano, from Barcelona to Leghorn, carrying wine(13 July);
Genoese settee, name unknown, from Port Maurice, with no cargo (destroyed 24 July);
Genoese polacre ship Saint Gio Baptiste, from Marseilles to Port Maurice, carrying wine (25 July);
Genoese settee Misericordia, from Marseilles to Savona, carrying hoops (25 July); *Genoese settee Nostra Signora Montresero, from Port Maurice to Marseilles (25 July).
On 28 August 1800, Corso and Pigmy were at Cesenatico. Their orders were to destroy the vessels in its harbour, and "make a proper example of the town". The British were unable to approach closely enough so during the night of 30 August Ricketts sent in boats of both vessels under the overall command of Lieutenant James Lucas Yeo, first lieutenant of Corso. The attackers were able to capture the town, sink two boats, and burn 11 others. One of the sunken vessels was deeply laden with copper, money, and bale goods. Four of the vessels sank in the mouth of the harbour, and fire consumed both piers. The British sailors were able to hold off some French infantry, but when Ricketts observed French cavalry approaching he ordered the boats to withdraw.[17]
Afterwards, Ricketts sent the authorities of the town the following note:[17]
To the Inhabitants of Cesenatico.
The Treachery of your Municipality, in causing to be arrested an Officer with Dispatches, has been long known to the British Admiral in these Seas. That Municipality may now sadly know that the Severity of Judgment, long delayed, is always exemplary. That the Innocent suffer with the Guilty, though much to be regretted, is the natural Feature of War; and the more terrible Infliction on this occasion, the more striking the Example should prove to surrounding Municipalities.
Lastly, on 17 September captured the Neapolitan polacre Madona del Picta.[18]
Next, Corso and Pygmy captured a number of vessels in the Adriatic.
On 16 November they captured a Cisalpine trabaccolo carrying pine and another trabaccolo in ballast, both sailing from Ravenna to Pesaro.[19]
On 4 January 1801 some merchants of Trieste presented Ricketts with a diamond ring in appreciation of his efforts against French privateers in the Adriatic.[20][15]
Imperial ship Sfinge, sailing from Barcelona to Trieste with a cargo of brandy (17 January 1801);[lower-alpha 10]
Russian polacca ship Madona Turgliana, which sailing from the Morea to Trieste with a cargo of leather.
On 13 February they detained the Danish ship Adonis, which was sailing from Copenhagen to Trieste with a cargo of stockfish.[19]
On 16 February they detained the Danish brig Madellina Christiana, which was sailing from Venice to Zante with a cargo of planks.[19]
On 27 February they recaptured the Imperial trebaccolo Madona del Annunciade, which was sailing from Trieste to Fiume with a cargo of hemp. She had been a prize to a French privateer.[19]
On 15 March Pygmy captured the French trebaccolo privateer Achille, from Ancona, with Corso in company.[19]
On 11 April Corso captured two Imperial brigs, Padre Armoroza, which was carrying cotton from Messina to Triest, and Nuova Armicize, which was sailing from Cyprus to Trieste.[19]
On 17 April Corso captured the Cisalpine trebaccolo St. Luizi, which was sailing from Eipidore bound for Siniglis with a cargo of wheat.[19]
On 19 April Corso recaptured the imperial brig Imperetore, which was sailing from Trieste to Zante with a cargo of merchandise.[19]Corso also took two brigs and a trabaccolo.
On 27 May 1801 Corso was off Manfredonia. There she captured Corivesse (or Ecrivisse), a small vessel of one brass gun and 16 men under the command of M. Bernard du Bourdier, a lieutenant of Régénérée. He and another officer were carrying dispatches from Alexandria to Ancona.[22][19]
On 23 June 1801 from Mercury and Corso were in the Tremiti Islands where they destroyed the pirate tartane Tigre, of eight 6 and 12-pounder guns and a crew of 60 French and Italians.[23] The Royal Marines landed and captured some of the pirates, who had mounted a 4-pounder gun on a hill. Meanwhile, the cutting out party brought out Tigre, together with bales of cotton and other goods that she had taken from vessels she had robbed.[23]
An attempt to attack Pesaro with the aid of Italian partisans came to nothing. Corso and Pigmy then answered an appeal from Venice and took all necessary measures to protect the city against a reported French force.[15]
Harbour service
On 10 July 1802 Corso arrived at Spithead from the Mediterranean. On the 15th she sailed from Spithead or Woolwich to be paid off.[lower-alpha 11] Between 20 July and 24 March 1803 Corso underwent fitting at Deptford for service as a receiving ship. Lieutenant Joshua Kneeshaw recommissioned her at Woolwich.[1]
On 27 March 1803 Corso was ordered to Gravesend to serve under Captain Motley, the Regulating Officer there. Her role was to receive men pressed from merchant vessels, such as East Indiamen, returning to England.
In 1804 Lieutenant George A. Spencer replaced Kneeshaw. In 1808 she was under the command of Lieutenant George Taylor. In 1813 she was under the command of Lieutenant Curry William Hillier, and later Lieutenant Charles Carter.[1]
Fate
Corso was paid off at Woolwich in 1814. The "Principal Officers and Commissioners of His Majesty's Navy" offered "El Corso, of 234 tons", "lying at Woolwich" for sale on 1 September 1814.[24] She sold there on that day for £500.[1]
Notes
↑ A first-class share of the prize money was worth £591 16s and 5+3⁄4d; a fifth-class share, that of a seaman or marine, was worth £7 11s 9d.[3]
↑ A first-class share of the prize money was worth £514 7s and 8+3⁄4d; a fifth-class share was worth £6 5s 5+1⁄2d.[3]
↑ Both her port of origin and commissioning are unknown.[7]
↑ It is not clear where Cape Malabar is, and the name may be a garbling of Málaga or Marbella. Boger wrote his report the next day in Rosia Bay, Gibraltar.
↑ Boger went on to command the schooner Gipsy in the Caribbean.
↑ At Vido the allies captured Frimaire, a tartane or bombard that the French Navy had requisitioned at Agde in July 1794. She had been decommissioned at Corfu on 30 December 1798.[10] She was serving as part of a floating battery in the small harbour at Vido.[11] She was captured on 29 February 1799 at the fall of the island.[10]
↑ Ville de Marseilles was a merchant flûte that the French government requisitioned at Marseilles around May 1798. She had a burthen of some 650 tons, and was pierced for 24 guns.[12] She had been refitted in June 1798 at Marseilles and was at Toulon in 1799. [13]
HMS Indefatigable was one of the Ardent-class 64-gun third-rate ships-of-the-line designed by Sir Thomas Slade in 1761 for the Royal Navy. She was built as a ship-of-the-line, but most of her active service took place after her conversion to a 44-gun razee frigate. She had a long career under several distinguished commanders, serving throughout the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. She took some 27 prizes, alone or in company, and the Admiralty authorised the issue of four clasps to the Naval General Service Medal in 1847 to any surviving members of her crews from the respective actions. She was broken up in 1816.
HMS Phaeton was a 38-gun, Minerva-class fifth rate of Britain's Royal Navy. This frigate was most noted for her intrusion into Nagasaki harbour in 1808. John Smallshaw built Phaeton in Liverpool between 1780 and 1782. She participated in numerous engagements during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars during which service she captured many prizes. Francis Beaufort, inventor of the Beaufort Wind-Scale, was a lieutenant on Phaeton when he distinguished himself during a successful cutting out expedition. Phaeton sailed to the Pacific in 1805, and returned in 1812. She was finally sold on 26 March 1828.
HMS Babet was a 20-gun sixth-rate post ship of the British Royal Navy. She had previously been a corvette of the French Navy under the name Babet, until her capture in 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars. She served with the British, capturing several privateers and other vessels, and was at the Battle of Groix. She disappeared in the Caribbean in 1800, presumably having foundered.
HMS Apollo, the fourth ship of the Royal Navy to be named for the Greek god Apollo, was a fifth-rate frigate of a nominal 36 guns. She was the name ship of the Apollo-class frigates. Apollo was launched in 1799, and wrecked with heavy loss of life in 1804.
HMS Phoenix was a 36-gun Perseverance-class fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. The shipbuilder George Parsons built her at Bursledon and launched her on 15 July 1783. She served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars and was instrumental in the events leading up to the battle of Trafalgar. Phoenix was involved in several single-ship actions, the most notable occurring on 10 August 1805 when she captured the French frigate Didon, which was more heavily armed than her. She was wrecked, without loss of life, off Smyrna in 1816.
HMS Meleager was a 32-gun Amazon-class frigate' that Greaves and Nickolson built in 1785 at the Quarry House yard in Frindsbury, Kent, England. She served during the French Revolutionary Wars until 1801, when she was wrecked in the Gulf of Mexico.
Mutine was an 18-gun Belliqueuse-class gun-brig of the French Navy, built to a design by Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait, and launched in 1794 at Honfleur. She took part in the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, where the British captured her. She was recommissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Mutine, and eventually sold in 1803.
HMS Mermaid was a 32-gun Active-class fifth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy, launched in 1784 and broken up in 1815. During the French Revolutionary Wars she served in the West Indies, the Channel, and the Mediterranean. During the Napoleonic Wars she first served in the Americas, but from early 1811 on, she was armed en flute and served as a troopship until she was broken up.
HMS Mercury was a 28-gun Enterprise-class sixth-rate frigate of the Royal Navy. She was built during the American War of Independence and serving during the later years of that conflict. She continued to serve during the years of peace and had an active career during the French Revolutionary Wars and most of the Napoleonic Wars, until being broken up in 1814.
HMS Wasp was an 18-gun sloop of the British Royal Navy. She was formerly the French naval brig Guêpe, which the Navy captured in 1800. She served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and was sold out of naval service in 1811.
HMS Entreprenante, was a 10-gun cutter that the Royal Navy captured from the French in 1798. The British commissioned her in 1799 and she served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, participating in the Battle of Trafalgar. She has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name. She took part in several small engagements, capturing Spanish and French ships before she was sold in 1812 for breaking up.
HMS Kangaroo was British Royal Navy 18-gun brig-sloop of the Diligence class, launched in 1795 at Deptford, England. She served in Home Waters and the Mediterranean Sea until she was sold in 1802.
HMS Netley was launched in 1798 with an experimental design. During the French Revolutionary Wars she spent some years on the Oporto station, where she captured many small privateers. The French captured her in 1806, early in the Napoleonic Wars. They lengthened her and she became the 17-gun privateer Duquesne. In 1807 the British recaptured her and the Royal Navy returned her to service as the 12-gun gun-brig HMS Unique. She was expended in an unsuccessful fire ship attack at Guadeloupe in 1809.
Salamine was originally the Spanish Navy's Infante 18-gun brig, built in 1787 at Cadiz. The French Navy captured her at Toulon in December 1793 and recommissioned her; they renamed her on 10 May 1798 as Salamine, for the battle of Salamis. On 18 June 1799, HMS Emerald captured her and she was brought into Royal Navy service as HMS Salamine. She served briefly in the Mediterranean, where she captured two French privateers and several merchant vessels before the Royal Navy sold her at Malta in 1802, after the Treaty of Amiens ended the war with France.
Mutin was a 14-gun cutter of the French Navy, the lead ship of the Mutin class of five naval cutters. She was launched in 1778 and the Royal Navy captured her the next year, taking her into service as HMS Mutine. The Royal Navy renamed her HMS Pigmy in 1798. She was lost in 1805.
HMS Diligence was the name ship of her class of brig-sloops of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1795 and lost in 1800. She spent her brief career on the Jamaica station where she captured four armed vessels, one of them after a short engagement, and many small Spanish and French merchant vessels in the Caribbean inter-island and coastal trade.
HMS Cameleon was a Royal Navy Diligence-class brig-sloop, launched in 1795. She was built of fir, which allowed for rapid construction, but at the expense of durability. She captured some small vessels and a privateer, and served in the Mediterranean before being laid up in 1805, and broken up in 1811.
HMS Swallow was an 18-gun Albatross-class brig-sloop of the British Royal Navy, launched in 1795 and sold in 1802. During her naval career she captured a number of French privateers while on the Jamaica station. After her sale she became an armed whaler sailing under a letter of marque. As a privateer she captured two French whaling vessels but then is no longer listed after 1810.
Victorieuse was a brig of the French Navy, launched at Honfleur in 1794. The British Royal Navy captured in August 1795 and took her into service as HMS Victorieuse. She captured several privateers and two forts in the Caribbean and then served briefly in the Mediterranean before she was broken up in 1807.
Lord Hawke was launched at Ostend in 1793, almost certainly under a different name. In 1798 she became a British privateer. The French captured her in 1799 and she became the French privateer Revanche. The British Royal Navy recaptured her in 1800. New owners returned her to her original British name. She disappeared in early 1801, presumed to have foundered with all hands.
References
Demerliac, Alain (1999). La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 à 1799 (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN9782906381247. OCLC492783890.
Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN978-1-86176-246-7.
Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN978-1-84832-204-2.
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