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Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg | |
| Government and symbols | |
| History and culture | |
| Economy and transport | |
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
 | This Hamburg-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
| Hamburg German | |
|---|---|
| Hamburg dialect, Hamburger dialect | |
| Hamborger Platt | |
| Region | Hamburg |
| German alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| IETF | nds-u-sd-dehh |
Hamburg German, also known as Hamburg dialect or Hamburger dialect (natively Hamborger Platt, German : Hamburger Platt), is a group of Northern Low Saxon varieties spoken in Hamburg, Germany. Occasionally, the term Hamburgisch is also used for Hamburg Missingsch , a variety of standard German with Low Saxon substrates. These are urban dialects that have absorbed numerous English and Dutch loanwords, for instance Törn 'trip' (< turn) and suutje 'gently' (< Dutch zoetjes).
Hamburg's name is pronounced [ˈhambɔːç] in these dialects, with a "ch" similar to that in the standard German words ich or Milch (ich-Laut). Typical of the Hamburg dialects and other Lower Elbe dialects is the [ɔɪ̯] pronunciation (and eu spelling) for the diphthong /œɪ/ (written öö, öh or ö), e.g.:
| in Hamburg | elsewhere | standard German | English translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| keupen [ˈkʰɔɪ̯pm̩] | köpen [ˈkʰœɪ̯pm̩] | kaufen [ˈkʰaʊ̯fn̩] | to buy |
| scheun [ʃɔɪ̯n] | schöön [ʃœɪ̯n] | schön [ʃøːn] | beautiful |
However, as in most other Low Saxon dialects, the long monophthong /øː/ is pronounced [ øː ] (as in French peu), for instance Kööm ~ Kœm [kʰøːm] 'caraway'.
The Low Saxon language in Hamburg is divided in several subdialects, namely:[ citation needed ]
The Hamborger Veermaster is a famous sea shanty sung in the regional dialect. The all-purpose greeting "moin" is universally used in Hamburg.
Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg | |
| Government and symbols | |
| History and culture | |
| Economy and transport | |
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
| | This Hamburg-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
Northern Low Saxon is a subgroup of Low Saxon dialects of Low German. As such, it covers a great part of the West Low German-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where South Low Saxon is spoken, and Gronings dialect in the Netherlands.
East Frisian Low Saxon, East Frisian Low German or simply called East Frisian is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony.
Westphalian or Westfalish is one of the major dialect groups of Low German. Its most salient feature is its diphthongization. For example, speakers say iäten instead of etten or äten for "to eat".
Middle Low German is a developmental stage of Low German. It developed from the Old Saxon language in the Middle Ages and has been documented in writing since about 1225/34 (Sachsenspiegel). During the Hanseatic period, Middle Low German was the leading written language in the north of Central Europe and served as a lingua franca in the northern half of Europe. It was used parallel to medieval Latin also for purposes of diplomacy and for deeds.
In sociolinguistics, an abstand language is a language variety or cluster of varieties with significant linguistic distance from all others, while an ausbau language is a standard variety, possibly with related dependent varieties. Heinz Kloss introduced these terms in 1952 to denote two separate and largely independent sets of criteria for recognizing a "language":
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects.
Colognian or Kölsch is a small set of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered by the Archdiocese and former Electorate of Cologne reaching from Neuss in the north to just south of Bonn, west to Düren and east to Olpe in northwest Germany.
Low German is a West Germanic language spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora worldwide.
Limburgish, also called Limburgan, Limburgian, or Limburgic, is a West Germanic regional language spoken in Dutch Limburg, Belgian Limburg, and neighbouring regions of Germany.
Berlin German, or Berlinese, is the regiolect spoken in the city of Berlin as well as its surrounding metropolitan area. It originates from a Brandenburgisch dialect. However, several phrases in Berlin German are typical of and unique to the city, indicating the manifold origins of immigrants, such as the Huguenots from France.
Gronings, is a collective name for some Low Saxon dialects spoken in the province of Groningen and around the Groningen border in Drenthe and Friesland. Gronings and the strongly related varieties in East Frisia have a strong East Frisian influence and take a remarkable position within West Low German. Its typical accent and vocabulary differ strongly from the other Low Saxon dialects.
Upper Saxon is an East Central German dialect spoken in much of the modern German state of Saxony and in adjacent parts of southeastern Saxony-Anhalt and eastern Thuringia. As of the early 21st century, it is mostly extinct and a new regiolect has emerged instead. Though colloquially called "Saxon", it is not to be confused with the Low Saxon dialect group in Northern Germany. Upper Saxon is closely linked to the Thuringian dialect spoken in the adjacent areas to the west.
Dutch Low Saxon is a Low Saxon dialects from the Low German language that are spoken in the northeastern Netherlands and are mostly, but not exclusively, written with local, unstandardised orthographies based on Standard Dutch orthography.
Missingsch is a type of Low-German-coloured dialect or sociolect of German. It is characterised by Low-German-type structures and the presence of numerous calques and loanwords from Low German in High German.
Tweants is a group of non-standardised Dutch Low Saxon dialects, descending from Old Saxon.
Sallaans is a collective term for the Westphalian dialects of the region Salland, in the province of Overijssel, as well as in minor parts of Gelderland and Drenthe in the Eastern Netherlands, and a small part in the North and the East of Veluwe. In the Kop van Overijssel, the Stellingwarfs dialect is spoken.
Northern Germany is a linguistic, geographic, socio-cultural and historic region in the northern part of Germany which includes the coastal states of Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Lower Saxony and the two city-states Hamburg and Bremen. It contrasts with Southern Germany, Western Germany and Eastern Germany.
In linguistics, Old Dutch or Old Low Franconian is the set of dialects that evolved from Frankish spoken in the Low Countries during the Early Middle Ages, from around the 6th or 9th to the 12th century. Old Dutch is mostly recorded on fragmentary relics, and words have been reconstructed from Middle Dutch and Old Dutch loanwords in French.
Southeast Limburgish is a cover term for the Ripuarian dialects spoken in Dutch Limburg.
Southern Low German is a variety of Low German in Germany. Its varieties in Germany are divided into Westphalian and Eastphalian. It borders to Low Franconian, High German and Northern Low German. The Low German varieties of Germany excluding Eastphalian and Westphalian are Northern Low German.