Hananiah ben Akavia

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Hananiah ben Akavia was a rabbi of the second century (fourth generation of tannaim).

In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisaic and Talmudic era, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The first sage for whom the Mishnah uses the title of rabbi was Yohanan ben Zakkai, active in the early-to-mid first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Christian minister, hence the title "pulpit rabbis", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance.

Tannaim were the rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 10-220 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred to as the Mishnaic period, lasted about 210 years. It came after the period of the Zugot ("pairs"), and was immediately followed by the period of the Amoraim ("interpreters").

Contents

Name

Despite his prominence, both parts of his name are uncertain: "Hananiah" and "Hanina" for the former, and "Akabia" and "Akiba" for the latter, appearing promiscuously in connection with one and the same halakhah. [1] However, there is reason to believe that "'Akabia" is his right patronymic, and that he was the son of Akabia ben Mahalalel. [2]

Akabia ben Mahalalel, was a Jewish religious teacher, probably of the second tannaitic generation.

Sometimes Hananiah (or Hanina) is cited without his patronymic. [3] Thus, he is easily confused with Haninah ben Ahi R. Joshua, who is also cited without his patronymic. To avoid such mistakes, one must observe the associates cited in the debate or statement. If these belong to the age of Rabbis Meir, Jose, and Shimon, Hananiah ben Akavia is meant; if they are of a former generation, R. Joshua's nephew is intended. [4]

Hanina(h) ben Ahi Rabbi Joshua, or Hananiah ben Ahi Rabbi Joshua, meaning 'Haninah/Hananiah son of the brother of Rabbi Yehoshua' was a Jewish Tanna sage of the third generation. Unlike many other Tannaitic sages, he is not recognized by his father's name, but rather with his uncle's name, R. Joshua ben Hananiah. He does not appear on the Mishnah at all. Sometimes he is recorded in baraitas as merely Hananiah, which can lead to confusion with Hananiah ben Akavia.

Rabbi Meir Jewish rabbi.

Rabbi Meir or Rabbi Meir Baal HaNes was a Jewish sage who lived in the time of the Mishna. He was considered one of the greatest of the Tannaim of the fourth generation (139-163). He is the third most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah. His wife Bruriah is one of the few women cited in the Gemara.

Jose ben Halafta or Yose ben Halafta was a tanna of the fourth generation. He is the fifth most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah. Of the many Rabbi Yose's in the Talmud, Yose Ben Halafta is the one who is simply referred to as Rabbi Yose.

Biography

He was a contemporary of Judah bar Ilai, [5] and probably one of the younger pupils of Gamaliel II. [6] His name rarely appears in connection with aggadot, but he was firmly grounded in halakhah. Rav expresses great admiration for Hananiah's abilities. [7]

Judah bar Ilai, also known as Yehuda bar Ma'arava and Rabbi Judah, was a rabbi of the 2nd century. Of the many Judahs in the Talmud, he is the one referred to simply as "Rabbi Judah" and is the most frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah.

Gamaliel II Rabbi and Nasi.

Rabban Gamaliel II was the first person to lead the Sanhedrin as Nasi after the fall of the second temple in 70 CE. Gamliel was appointed nasi approximately 10 years later. Gamaliel II was the son of Shimon ben Gamaliel, one of Jerusalem's foremost men in the war against the Romans, and grandson of Gamaliel I. To distinguish him from the latter he is also called Gamliel of Yavne.

Abba Arikha, commonly known as Rav, was a Jewish amora of the 3rd century. He was born and lived in Kafri, Sassanid Babylonia. He established at Sura the systematic study of the rabbinic traditions, which, using the Mishnah as text, led to the compilation of the Talmud. With him began the long period of ascendancy of the great academies of Babylonia, around the year 220. In the Talmud, he is frequently associated with Samuel of Nehardea, with whom he debated on many major issues.

Hananiah was fearless in the expression of his opinions, and also opposed those of the leaders of academies, the "nasi" and his deputy. [8] He lived at Tiberias, where he abrogated many restrictions which had hampered the comfort of the people. [9]

Tiberias Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee

Tiberias is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. Established around 20 CE, it was named in honour of the second emperor of the Roman Empire, Tiberius. In 2018 it had a population of 44,234.

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References

  1. ↑ Compare Arachin 1:3; Sifra Bechukotai, 12:8; Arachin 6b; Tosefta Parah, 9(8):9; Hagigah 23a; Yebamot 116b
  2. ↑ See "R. E. J." 41:40, note 3
  3. ↑ Compare, for example, Yerushalmi Eruvin 8 25b and Shabbat 83b
  4. ↑ Jewish Encyclopedia, HANANIAH (ḤANINA) B. 'AḲABIA (AKIBA)
  5. ↑ Moed Katan 21a
  6. ↑ Ketubot 8:1
  7. ↑ Shabbat 83b
  8. ↑ Tosefta Pesachim 8:7; Shabbat 50a
  9. ↑ Eruvin 87b, and parallel passages

PD-icon.svg  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "HANANIAH (ḤANINA) B. 'AḲABIA (AKIBA)". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls. It has the following bibliography:

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Isidore Singer American encyclopedist

Isidore Singer was an editor of The Jewish Encyclopedia and founder of the American League for the Rights of Man.

<i>The Jewish Encyclopedia</i> Jewish-themed encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early-20th century. The encyclopedia's managing editor was Isidore Singer and the editorial board was chaired by Isaac K. Funk and Frank H. Vizetelly.

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