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Lollardy, also known as Lollardism or the Lollard movement, was a proto-Protestant Christian religious movement that existed from the mid-14th century until the 16th-century English Reformation. It was initially led by John Wycliffe, a Catholic theologian who was dismissed from the University of Oxford in 1381 for criticism of the Roman Catholic Church. The Lollards' demands were primarily for reform of Western Christianity. They formulated their beliefs in the Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards.
Henry Chichele was Archbishop of Canterbury (1414–1443) and founded All Souls College, Oxford.
Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire was an English noblewoman, noted for being the mother of Anne Boleyn and as such the maternal grandmother of Elizabeth I of England. The eldest daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk and his first wife Elizabeth Tilney, she married Thomas Boleyn sometime in the later 15th century. Elizabeth became Viscountess Rochford in 1525 when her husband was elevated to the peerage, subsequently becoming Countess of Ormond in 1527 and Countess of Wiltshire in 1529.
William Sawtrey, also known as William Salter was an English Roman Catholic priest and Lollard martyr. He was executed for heresy.
Anne Askew, married name Anne Kyme, was an English writer, poet, and Anabaptist preacher who was condemned as a heretic during the reign of Henry VIII of England. She and Margaret Cheyne are the only women on record known to have been both tortured in the Tower of London and burnt at the stake.
Margaret of Norfolk or Margaret of Brotherton, in her own right Countess of Norfolk, was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of King Edward I of England by his second marriage. In 1338, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal.
William Alnwick was an English Catholic clergyman. He was Bishop of Norwich (1426–1436) and Bishop of Lincoln (1436–1449).
De heretico comburendo was a law passed by Parliament under King Henry IV of England in 1401, punishing heretics with burning at the stake. This law was one of the strictest religious censorship statutes ever enacted in England. In March 1401 William Sawtrey became the first Lollard to be burned.
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Thomas Harding was a sixteenth-century English religious dissident who, while waiting to be burnt at the stake as a Lollard in 1532, was struck on the head by a spectator with one of the pieces of firewood, which killed him instantly.
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The Coventry Martyrs were a disparate group of Lollard Christians executed for their beliefs in Coventry between 1512 and 1522 and in 1555. Eleven of them are commemorated by a six-metre-high (20 ft) monument, erected in 1910 in a public garden in the city, between Little Park Street and Mile Lane; and by a mosaic constructed in 1953 inside the entrance to Broadgate House in the city centre. Some of the streets in the city's Cheylesmore suburb are named after them.
John Fuller was the master of Jesus College, Cambridge. As bishop's chancellor in Ely, Cambridgeshire, he was charged with suppressing Christian heresy, condemning several heretics to be burnt at the stake.
Margery Baxter was an outspoken and unorthodox Lollard from Martham, England. She was brought to trial twice and flogged at church.
Edward of Norfolk or Edward of Brotherton, was the only son of Thomas of Brotherton, and a grandson of King Edward I of England.
The Oldcastle Revolt was a Lollard uprising directed against the Catholic Church and the English king, Henry V. The revolt was led by John Oldcastle, taking place on the night of 9/10 January 1414. The rebellion was crushed following a decisive battle on St. Giles's Fields.
William Mead (1628–1713) was a London merchant, and a prominent early Quaker, connected by marriage to George Fox.
Charlotte Byron Green born Charlotte Byron Symonds was a British promoter of women's education. She supported Somerville College from its foundation.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Tanner, Norman P. (23 September 2004). "Lollard women (act. c. 1390–c. 1520)" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 1 (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/50538. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ "Feminae: Details Page". inpress.lib.uiowa.edu. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ↑ Matthew, H. C. G.; Harrison, B., eds. (23 September 2004). "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. ref:odnb/41201. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/41201 . Retrieved 20 January 2023.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ Justice, Steven (1 October 1994). "Inquisition, Speech, and Writing: A Case from Late-Medieval Norwich". Representations. 48 (48): 1–29. doi:10.2307/2928608. ISSN 0734-6018. JSTOR 2928608.
- ↑ Aston, Margaret (October 1980). "Lollard Women Priests?". The Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 31 (4): 441–461. doi:10.1017/S0022046900044778. ISSN 1469-7637. S2CID 55822661.