Henry of Antioch

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Henry of Antioch
Born1217
Died27 June 1276
Spouse Isabella of Cyprus
Issue Hugh III of Cyprus
Margaret of Tyre
House Poitiers
Father Bohemond IV of Antioch
Mother Plaisance of Gibelet

Henry of Antioch (French : Henri; 1217-27 June 1276) was a nobleman from the Latin East who governed the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1263 until 1264. He was made bailli by his wife, Isabella of Cyprus, who exercised regency on behalf of their nephew King Hugh II of Cyprus. He died in a shipwreck after their son, Hugh III, became king of both Cyprus and Jerusalem.

Contents

Family

Henry was born in 1217. [1] He was the youngest of the four sons of Prince Bohemond IV of Antioch and his first wife, Plaisance Embriaco. [2] Bohemond IV had a tense relationship with the House of Ibelin, who opposed the idea that his son Bohemond should govern the Kingdom of Cyprus after marrying Queen Alice, [3] mother of King Henry I. [4] He reconciled with the Ibelins in order to resist the ambitions of Emperor Frederick II, [3] who attempted to assert his authority over the Crusader states. [5] The young Bohemond's marriage to Alice was annulled, and the prince of Antioch instead readily consented to John of Ibelin's suggestion that the former's younger son Henry should marry King Henry's sister Isabella. [3] They married c. 1233, [6] and had two children, Hugh and Margaret. [7]

Lieutenancy

King Henry died in 1253. [8] His son, King Hugh II of Cyprus, was regarded as the heir presumptive of the absent King Conrad III of Jerusalem and was thus recognized as regent by the High Court of Jerusalem. But King Hugh was a minor, and so the regency was exercised on his behalf by his mother, Queen Plaisance. [6] Plaisance died in 1261. Henry's wife Isabella, aunt and closest relative of King Hugh, waived her right to Cypriot regency in favour of their son, Hugh. But in 1263, Isabella claimed the right to exercise regency in the Kingdom of Jerusalem on Hugh's behalf. She and Henry arrived in Acre, the capital of what had remained of the mainland kingdom, to assume the reins of government shortly after Baibars attacked. [9]

Isabella deputised Henry to act as her bailli. This appointment was resented, possibly because coming from the ruling family of Antioch made Henry appear as an outsider. The High Court refused them fealty and homage, claiming that they should have brought King Hugh with them. The following year, Pope Urban IV implored Henry, John II of Beirut, Geoffrey of Sergines, and John of Jaffa to settle their differences for the sake of the kingdom. [9] Little is known about Henry's government. It was cut short by Isabella's death in 1264, as his lieutenancy then lapsed. [9]

Aftermath

Henry and Isabella's son, Hugh, was selected to exercise regency in Jerusalem after Isabella's death. When the young kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem died in 1267 and 1268, respectively, Henry's son ascended both thrones. [10] Henry died in a shipwreck on 27 June 1276 when the taride carrying him from Acre to Cyprus hit a rock. [1] He was buried in the church of the Knights Hospitaller in Nicosia, Cyprus. [11]

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Hugh III, also called Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan and the Great, was the king of Cyprus from 1267 and king of Jerusalem from 1268. Born into the family of the princes of Antioch, he effectively ruled as regent for underage kings Hugh II of Cyprus and Conrad III of Jerusalem for several years. Prevailing over the claims of his cousin Hugh of Brienne, he succeeded both young monarchs upon their deaths and appeared poised to be an effective political and military leader.

Alice of Champagne was the queen consort of Cyprus from 1210 to 1218, regent of Cyprus from 1218 to 1223, and of Jerusalem from 1243 to 1246. She was the eldest daughter of Queen Isabella I of Jerusalem and Count Henry II of Champagne. In 1210, Alice married her step-brother King Hugh I of Cyprus, receiving the County of Jaffa as dowry. After her husband's death in 1218, she assumed the regency for their infant son, King Henry I. In time, she began seeking contacts within her father's counties in France to bolster her claim to Champagne and Brie against her cousin, Theobald IV. However, the kings of France never acknowledged her claim.

Hugh I of Cyprus King of Cyprus

Hugh I succeeded to the throne of Cyprus on 1 April 1205 underage upon the death of his elderly father Aimery, King of Cyprus and Jerusalem. His mother was Eschiva of Ibelin, heiress of that branch of Ibelins who had held Bethsan and Ramleh.

Henry I of Cyprus King of Cyprus

Henry I of Cyprus, nicknamed the Fat was King of Cyprus from 1218 to 1253. He was the son of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Champagne. When his father Hugh I died on January 10, 1218, the 8-month-old Henry became king. His mother was the official regent, but handed off the actual governing to her uncle, Philip of Ibelin. When Philip died, the effective regency passed to his brother, John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut.

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Raymond-Roupen was a member of the House of Poitiers who claimed the thrones of the Principality of Antioch and Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. His succession in Antioch was prevented by his paternal uncle Bohemond IV, but his maternal granduncle Leo I of Cilicia recognized him as heir presumptive to Cilicia and pressed his claim to Antioch. In 1211 Raymond-Roupen was crowned junior king of Cilicia, and was finally installed as Prince of Antioch in 1216. The War of the Antiochene Succession ended with Leo's death in 1219, shortly before Raymond-Roupen was ousted from Antioch. He then pursued his claim to Cilicia, which Leo had unexpectedly willed to his daughter Isabella on his deathbed, but was defeated and imprisoned until death.

Plaisance of Antioch was Queen of Cyprus by marriage to King Henry I. She served as regent of the kingdoms of Cyprus and Jerusalem for their son, King Hugh II, in 1254–1261 and 1258–1261 respectively.

Isabella of Cyprus was a Cypriotic princess. She was the regent of Kingdom of Jerusalem on behalf of her nephew King Hugh II in 1263-1264.

John I was the king of Cyprus and, in contention with Charles I of Anjou, of Jerusalem too from 1284 to 1285.

Hugh II of Cyprus was king of Cyprus and, from the age of 5 years, also Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

House of Ibelin

The House of Ibelin was a noble family in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century. They rose from humble beginnings to become one of the most important families in the kingdom, holding various high offices and with extensive holdings in the Holy Land and Cyprus. The family disappeared after the fall of the Kingdom of Cyprus in the 15th century.

John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa and Ascalon, was a noted jurist and the author of the longest legal treatise from the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Philip of Ibelin, bailli of the Kingdom of Cyprus, and Alice of Montbéliard, and was the nephew of John of Ibelin, the "Old Lord of Beirut". To distinguish him from his uncle and other members of the Ibelin family named John, he is sometimes called John of Jaffa.

Maria of Antioch was a claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of Jerusalem from 1268 to 1277. In 1267 she laid claim to govern the kingdom as regent in the name of the absentee King Conrad III. Her legal case was solid, resting on the proximity of blood to the king, but she was rejected by the High Court of Jerusalem in favor of Hugh III of Cyprus. When Conrad died in 1268, she demanded to be crowned as his successor. Spurned yet again for Hugh, she moved to Europe and eventually sold her claim to Charles I of Anjou.

Sibylla of Armenia was the princess of Antioch and countess of Tripoli by marriage to Bohemond VI from 1254 to 1275, and then regent of the County of Tripoli until their son, Bohemond VII, came of age in 1277. She was closely allied with the bishop of Tortosa, Bartholomew Mansel, which frustrated the scheme to install her as ruler of Tripoli instead of her daughter Lucia after Bohemond VII's death in 1287. She was both the principality and the county lost to the Egyptian Mamluks.

Plaisance of Gibelet was the daughter of Hugh III Embriaco, Lord of Gibelet, and Stephanie of Milly.

Philip of Antioch, also called Philip of Tripoli, was a member of the House of Poitiers who ruled as king of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1222 to 1224 as the first husband of Queen Isabella.

Isabella of Ibelin (1241–1324) was queen of Cyprus and Jerusalem by marriage to Hugh III of Cyprus.

Margaret of Antioch-Lusignan, also known as Margaret of Tyre, was an Outremer noblewoman who ruled the Lordship of Tyre in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. A member of the House of Antioch-Lusignan, she married John of Montfort, Lord of Tyre, and was granted rule of the city as widow in 1284. She concluded a truce with the Egyptian sultan Al-Mansur Qalawun and ruled until 1291, when she ceded the lordship and moved to Cyprus.

Lucia of Segni, also called Lucienne, was a 13th-century princess and countess and later regent of the Principality of Antioch and County of Tripoli.

References

  1. 1 2 Lock 2016, p. 360.
  2. ↑ Runciman 1989, p. 206, Appendix III (Genealogical tree No. 2.).
  3. 1 2 3 Runciman 1989, p. 206.
  4. ↑ Runciman 1989, p. Appendix III (Genealogical tree No. 1.).
  5. ↑ Runciman 1989, p. 204.
  6. 1 2 Edbury 1994, p. 86.
  7. ↑ Baldwin 2014, Claimants to the Thrones of Jerusalem and Cyprus.
  8. ↑ Edbury 1994, p. 82.
  9. 1 2 3 Edbury 1994, p. 88.
  10. ↑ Edbury 1994, p. 89-90.
  11. ↑ Burgtorf 2008, p. 130.

Sources

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