Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act

Last updated
Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act
Act of Parliament
Long title An Act To Protect Heritage Lighthouses
Point Clark Lighthouse, Ontario, designated in 2015 Point clark lighthouse.JPG
Point Clark Lighthouse, Ontario, designated in 2015

The Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act (French: Loi sur la protection des phares patrimoniaux) is an Act of the Parliament of Canada (designated Bill S-215) for the designation and preservation of historically significant Canadian lighthouses. It was passed by the Canadian Parliament in May 2008. The act set up a public nomination process and sets heritage building conservation standards for lighthouses which are officially designated. First introduced in 2000 as Bill S-21 in the Senate of Canada the bill enjoyed consistent multi-party support despite the unpredictable legislative agendas of minority Parliaments and was repeatedly re-introduced. The final vote of approval was made by the Canadian Senate in 2008 and the bill received Royal Assent on May 29, 2008. [1]

Contents

The Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act (S.C. 2008, c. 16) came into effect on May 29, 2010, and established a deadline of May 29, 2012 to nominate lighthouses for heritage designation. [2] However an announcement in June 2010 to declare almost all Canadian lighthouses as surplus caused critics to accuse the Canadian Coast Guard of emasculating the bill.

The first designations under the Act were announced on 3 August 2012: the St. Paul Island (Nova Scotia) in Dingwall, and three in Saugeen Shores, Ontario, McNab Point and both the Front and Rear Range lights at the Saugeen River Front. [3] As of February 2017, a total of 92 lighthouses had been designated. [4]

Origins

Chebucto Head Lighthouse, at left where the Lighthouse Protection act campaign was launched Chebucto Head Lighthouse (23238949363).jpg
Chebucto Head Lighthouse, at left where the Lighthouse Protection act campaign was launched

With the world's largest coastline, Canada built a large network of lighthouses and developed a uniquely Canadian style of lighthouses following Confederation in 1867. Advances in navigational technology have lessened the critical navigational role of lighthouses while at the same time their cultural role and potential for tourism development has grown. Lighthouse groups seeking to preserve lighthouses soon found that in Canada, the landmark buildings fell into a heritage Catch-22. As federal buildings, they are exempt from municipal or provincial laws, but they are not protected by any federal heritage laws. Lighthouses are instead merely subject to a property management program called the Federal Heritage Building Review Office (FHBRO). A survey of lighthouses across Canada in 1998 by the Nova Scotia Lighthouse Preservation Society showed that fewer than four per cent of Canadian lighthouses have been protected from demolition under FHBRO, while in the United States, 70 per cent of lighthouses over 50 years old have heritage protection by the National Register of Historic Places. The FHBRO process has also been criticized for lack of public consultation with most communities having no idea when local lighthouses were evaluated and for the fact that when lighthouses are sold privately or transferred to other levels of government, even the minimal FHBRO protection evaporates. [5]

This lack of protection for heritage lighthouses was first felt in Nova Scotia, the Canadian province with the largest number of lighthouses. So many were facing demolition and neglect, that a campaign for federal legislation to protect lighthouses was launched by the Nova Scotia Lighthouse Preservation Society at the Chebucto Head lighthouse near Halifax on March 11, 1999. [6] A committee of the society soon networked with other lighthouse groups in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia, organizing a letter campaign to the Canadian Heritage Minister and every Member of Parliament and Senator to ask for legislation creating a "Lighthouse Protection Act". [7] Many politicians responded positively but the leadership for the bill emerged from a fitting East Coast/West Coast partnership of two Canadian Senators, Mike Forrestall from Nova Scotia and Pat Carney from British Columbia. Forrestall first introduced the Bill in 2000, noting that lighthouses were neglected national symbols, "The government was hell-bent on tearing them down or abandoning them." [8]

Content

The bill is modelled on the successful Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act passed by Parliament in 1988 which has proven a success in preserving railway heritage buildings. [9]

Designation process

Under the Act, the Minister responsible for the Parks Canada Agency sets criteria to designate a heritage lighthouse, based on historical, architectural, and community values. The Minister is guided by specific criteria and the advice of an advisory committee. Before a lighthouse that has been declared surplus by the government can be designated, a group must provide a written commitment to Fisheries and Oceans Canada to acquire it, protect is heritage characteristics and to make use of it in a manner that will be financially viable. Parks Canada published full specifics about the program on its Web site. [10]

Protection

Renovations at a designated lighthouse must meet heritage building criteria established by the minister based on national and international standards for the conservation of heritage properties. An exception is made for renovations in an emergency circumstance or for urgent operational requirements for the lighthouse's navigational role. The heritage character of the lighthouse must still be protected even if a lighthouse is sold or transferred to another level of government. A heritage lighthouse may not be demolished unless "there is no reasonable alternative". An exception is made for demolitions in an emergency circumstance or for urgent operational requirements. Both the sale and demolition of a designated lighthouse would require public consultation. [11] [12]

History of the Bill in Parliament

The Act was first introduced by the late Senator Mike Forrestall of Nova Scotia as a Private Member's Bill (S-21) in 2000. It was brought it forward three more times, as S-7, then as S-14, then as S-41 which was given Third Reading by the Senate on March 23, 2005. The House of Commons debated the bill in June 2005 in Second Reading and referred it to the Standing Committee on the Environment and Sustainable Development for clause-by-clause review. The bill died on the Order Paper when the federal election of January 2006 was called. Following the death of Senator Forrestall in June 2006, the bill was re-introduced as Bill-S220 in October 2006 by Senator Pat Carney of British Columbia. The Bill was given Third Reading and passed by the Senate on December 14, 2006.

Harbour Range lighthouse, Saugeen Shores, Ontario, one of the first four designated under the Act (2012) Harbour range lighthouse, Southampton, ON.jpg
Harbour Range lighthouse, Saugeen Shores, Ontario, one of the first four designated under the Act (2012)

The bill was first sponsored in the House of Commons by Conservative Member of Parliament Gerald Keddy. It passed Second Reading on June 13, 2007, and was scheduled to be reviewed by the House of Commons Fisheries Committee in October 2007 before Third and Final Reading. However, the announcement on September 4 that Parliament would be prorogued in October put the bill back to the Senate where on October 30 Pat Carney re-introduced it as Bill S-215. [13] The Bill passed Third Reading in the Senate on December 13, 2007, and was re-introduced in the House of Commons by Conservative Member of Parliament Larry Miller where it passed 2nd Reading on March 11, 2008. The bill was referred to committee where an amendment were made to define lighthouse structures and limit the act to federally owned lighthouses. The Third and final Commons vote was made on May 1, 2008, followed by a Senate vote to approve the amendment which the bill passed on May 8. Royal Assent was given on May 29, 2008. [14] [15]

The Act came into effect on May 29, 2010, two years after Royal Assent. [16] [17]

Debate

The bill enjoyed consistent multi-party support from its Conservative sponsors but also Liberals such as Newfoundland MP Scott Simms and New Democratic Party MP Peter Stoffer who withdrew his own private member's bill to protect lighthouses in support of S-220. [18] Other MPs such as Catherine Bell from British Columbia welcomed an initiative to preserving a national landmark as a healthy alternative to contentious partisan issues of a minority Parliament. [19] The only formal opposition was voiced by a Bloc Quebecois MP Raynald Blais who said he could not support the bill because it might mask federal neglect of other DFO responsibilities. [20] In addition to regional lighthouse advocates such as the Nova Scotia Lighthouse Preservation Society, the Heritage Canada Foundation was a consistent supporter noting that lighthouses need special protection because of the lack of federal legislation for any federal buildings. [21]

Despite the broad public support for the bill, some federal departmental staff initially opposed the bill suggesting it could cost up to $384 million to upgrade all of Canada's lighthouses to heritage standards. [22] Supporters of the bill called these numbers inflated, pointing out that it assumes that every piece of navigational equipment in the country, including hundreds of steel towers and floating buoys, would be designated whereas even the strongest proponents only anticipate the nomination of a select number of landmark lighthouses. They also noted that the bill leaves control of the number of designations, and any associated, costs, with the minister. [23]

Implementation and controversy

Chantry Island Lighthouse, Ontario, one of the first lights to be nominated under the Act is not yet designated Chantry Island Lighthouse after Renovations.jpg
Chantry Island Lighthouse, Ontario, one of the first lights to be nominated under the Act is not yet designated

Parks Canada assigned staff and set up a program for heritage lighthouses following the passage of the act. Beginning in May 2010 communities became eligible to nominate lighthouses for designation. Communities had two years to nominate lighthouses as nominations closed on June 29, 2012. [24] By the fall of 2010, 22 lighthouses had been nominated, mostly in Ontario including Chantry Island Lightstation Tower, one of the first to be nominated. [25] It has yet to be designated because ownership cannot be transferred from the federal government to the Town of Saugeen Shores due to the uncertainty created by First Nations land claims to islands in the Lake Huron basin. [26]

The move in June 2010 to dispose of almost all lighthouses in Canada, even operational lighthouses, caused controversy. Critics noted that as non-federal lighthouse are not covered by the Act, the move to disposal proposal essentially "emasculates" the Act. [27] Other groups have pointed out that the Act is being used as a disposal mechanism for lighthouses contrary to its original intent. [28] Critics included the Senate Committee on Fisheries and Oceans. In late 2010, Committee chair Bill Rompkey of Newfoundland and Labrador said the sell-off defeats the purpose of the act and called for the nomination process to be extended. [29] As of May 2015, 970 had been declared surplus; 348 of those were the subject of public petitions for preservation under the Act. [30] The announcement required that any group that nominates a lighthouses must buy or take ownership of it. [31] In other words, according to the Chronicle Herald, the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act "seeks to divest the structures to new owners". [32] [33]

Of the 90 lighthouses that had been designated under the Act as of September 2016, 42 were still being managed by the federal government and 48 were being managed by other owners, such as community groups. [34]

Heritage designation status

Cape Spear Lighthouse, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, designated 30 June 2016 Originalcapespear.jpg
Cape Spear Lighthouse, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, designated 30 June 2016

The designation process has continued well beyond 2015. For example, a full 13 were protected in July 2016 under the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act. Subsequently, Marc Seguin of the non-profit group Save Our Lighthouses told Radio Canada that there were over 500 others that could be designated. [35] [36] An additional two were protected in February 2017 for a total of 92, in eight provinces, as of that date. A full list of lighthouses protected to date is published (and updated as required) on the Parks Canada web site. [37]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sable Island</span> Place in Nova Scotia, Canada

Sable Island is a small Canadian island situated 300 km (190 mi) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and about 175 km (109 mi) southeast of the closest point of mainland Nova Scotia in the North Atlantic Ocean. The island is staffed year round by three federal government staff, rising during summer months when research projects and tourism increase. Notable for its role in early Canadian history and the Sable Island horse, the island is protected and managed by Parks Canada, which must grant permission prior to any visit. Sable Island is part of District 7 of the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia. The island is also a protected National Park Reserve and an Important Bird Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gerald Keddy</span> Canadian politician

Gerald Gordon Keddy is a Canadian politician. Keddy is a former Christmas tree grower, and offshore drill operator and was a Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2015, first sitting with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and latterly with its successor the Conservative Party of Canada. Keddy was chair of The Standing Committee on Fisheries, and later long time Parliamentary Secretary for International Trade, Atlantic Canada Opportunities, and then National Revenue and Agriculture. His wife, Judy Streatch, is a former Nova Scotia MLA and cabinet minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pat Carney</span> Canadian politician (1935–2023)

Patricia Dora Carney was a Canadian politician who served as a member of parliament from 1980 to 1988 and as a Senator from 1990 to 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transgender rights in Canada</span> Rights of transgender individuals in Canada

Transgender rights in Canada, including procedures for changing legal gender and protections from discrimination, vary among provinces and territories, due to Canada's nature as a federal state. According to the 2021 Canadian census, 59,460 Canadians identify as transgender. Canada was ranked third in Asher & Lyric's Global Trans Rights Index in 2023.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada is a department of the Government of Canada that is responsible for developing and implementing policies and programs in support of Canada's economic, ecological and scientific interests in oceans and inland waters. Its mandate includes responsibility for the conservation and sustainable use of Canada's fisheries resources while continuing to provide safe, effective and environmentally sound marine services that are responsive to the needs of Canadians in a global economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Forrestall</span> Canadian politician

John Michael William Curphey Forrestall, known as Michael Forrestall, was a Canadian politician. Forrestall served in both the Senate of Canada and House of Commons of Canada.

<i>Ontario Heritage Act</i> Canadian act

The Ontario Heritage Act, first enacted on March 5, 1975, allows municipalities and the provincial government to designate individual properties and districts in the Canadian Province of Ontario, as being of cultural heritage value or interest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Canadian Register of Historic Places</span> Federal list of historic sites of Canada

The Canadian Register of Historic Places, also known as Canada's Historic Places, is an online directory of historic places in Canada which have been formally recognized for their heritage value by a federal, provincial, territorial or municipal authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Point Clark Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

Point Clark Lighthouse is located on in a beach community, Point Clark, Ontario, near a point that protrudes into Lake Huron. Built between 1855 and 1859 under the instructions of the Board of Works, Canada West, it is one of the few on the Great Lakes to be made primarily from stone. It is one of the Imperial Towers, a group of six nearly identical towers built by contractor John Brown for the "Province of Canada" on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay, all completed by 1859. The location for the Point Clark lighthouse was selected to warn sailors of the shoals (sandbars) 2 miles (3.2 km) off the Lake Huron coast. It is still functioning as an automated light. A restoration that eventually exceeded $2.3 million started in 2011 and the facility reopened for tourism in June 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Megan Leslie</span> Canadian politician (born 1973)

Megan Anissa Leslie is a Canadian politician and environmental advocate. She is the president and CEO of World Wildlife Fund Canada (WWFC) and on the advisory board of the Leaders' Debates Commission.

In most provinces of Canada, the third Monday in February is observed as a regional statutory holiday, typically known in general as Family Day —though some provinces use their own names, as they celebrate the day for different reasons. The third Monday of February is observed as "Family Day" in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia (BC), New Brunswick, Ontario, and Saskatchewan; as Louis Riel Day in Manitoba; as Nova Scotia Heritage Day in Nova Scotia; and as Islander Day in Prince Edward Island.

<i>Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act</i> Canadian act

The Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act is an act of the Parliament of Canada. The Act was enacted in 1988 in response to a long-standing and widespread concern that Canada’s heritage railway stations were not being protected. Bill C-205, An Act to protect heritage railway stations, was proposed by MP Gordon Taylor in a private member's bill which received support of all parties in the House of Commons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Low Point Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

Low Point Lighthouse is an historic Canadian lighthouse marking the eastern entrance to Sydney Harbour at New Victoria, Nova Scotia, near New Waterford, Nova Scotia. This is one of the earliest and most important light stations of Nova Scotia, one of the first dozen beacons in Nova Scotia to be lit to guide mariners, a classic red-and-white lighthouse still operated by the Canadian Coast Guard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devils Island Light (Nova Scotia)</span> Lighthouse

The Devils Island Light is a Nova Scotia lighthouse located at the eastern shore entrance to Halifax Harbour on Devils Island, Nova Scotia. First lit in 1852, it was succeeded by a second lighthouse in 1877 which survives today. The lighthouse has influenced regional folklore and remains an important community landmark although it is currently neglected and threatened.

The Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office (FHBRO) was established in 1982 after the Government of Canada adopted an internal policy on managing heritage buildings. Today, federal heritage is incorporated into the Government of Canada's Treasury Board Policy on the Management of Federal Real Property.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">42nd Canadian Parliament</span> Parliamentary term of the Parliament of Canada

The 42nd Canadian Parliament was in session from December 3, 2015, to September 11, 2019, with the membership of its lower chamber, the House of Commons of Canada, having been determined by the results of the 2015 federal election held on October 19, 2015, and thirty new appointees to its Upper House, the Senate of Canada. Parliament officially resumed on December 3, 2015, with the election of a new Speaker, Geoff Regan, followed by a Speech from the Throne the following day. The Speaker of the Senate of Canada was George Furey, who was appointed Speaker of the Canadian Senate on the advice of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, to replace Leo Housakos, on December 3, 2015. On September 11, 2019, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau advised Governor General Julie Payette to dissolve Parliament and issue the writ of election, leading to a 5-week election campaign period for the 2019 federal election. Significant legislation adopted during the 42nd Parliament included the Cannabis Act, the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Implementation Act, the Trans-Pacific Partnership Implementation Act, the Canada Infrastructure Bank Act, the Impact Assessment Act and Canadian Energy Regulator Act, as well as the legalizing of medical assistance in dying and adding gender identity and expression to the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chantry Island Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

The Chantry Island Lighthouse, officially known as Chantry Island Lightstation Tower, is a lightstation on Chantry Island, off the coast of Southampton, Ontario in Lake Huron. It was constructed in the years 1855 through to 1859, by John Brown of Thorold, Ontario, under the authority of the Province of Canada and is recognized as one of the six Imperial Towers. Virtually identical, they were completed in 1858-1859 on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay and are among the few lighthouses on the Great Lakes made of cut limestone and granite.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gannet Rock Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse

The Gannet Rock Lighthouse is a Canadian lighthouse located on a rocky islet 8 miles (13 km) south of Grand Manan in the Bay of Fundy. It was first lit in 1831 and was staffed until 1996. It was solarized in 2002 and remains operational in 2023. It was declared "surplus to requirements" by the Canadian Coast Guard in 2010 and is no longer being maintained.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Schafner Point Lighthouse</span>

Schafner Point Lighthouse is located in Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, on the north side of the Annapolis Basin facing Goat Island. It was built in 1885. It is known locally as the Port Royal lighthouse. It is a wooden construction with a square plan and tapered sides, supporting a gallery and octagonal iron lantern housing. It is protected by the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act.

References

  1. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses Protection Act". Justice Laws, Canada. Government of Canada. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-02-18. Retrieved 2009-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ↑ "First designations under the Heritage Lighthouse Protection Act". Government of Canada. 3 August 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  4. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses of Canada". Parks Canada. Government of Canada. 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  5. ↑ CANADA NEEDS A LIGHTHOUSE PROTECTION ACT http://www.nslps.com/r&p_lighthouse_protection_act.asp Archived 2004-10-24 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ↑ Graeme Hamilton "Lighthouse Yard Sale Coming, Group Fears" National Post March 12, 1999
  7. ↑ Chris Mills 'Saving Our Lights' Heritage: The Magazine of the Heritage Canada Foundation Autumn 1999, page 9.
  8. ↑ Pamela Cook "Sending an SOS for Canada's Lighthouses" Capital News Online November 14, 2003 https://carleton.ca/jmc/cnews/14112003/n3.shtml Archived 2011-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ↑ Parks Canada State of Protected Areas http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/pc/rpts/etat-state-2001/sec6/histor6_E.asp Archived 2013-01-01 at archive.today
  10. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses of Canada - Evaluation and Designation". Parks Canada. Government of Canada. 2 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  11. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses of Canada - Evaluation and Designation". Parks Canada. Government of Canada. 2 July 2015. Archived from the original on 30 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  12. ↑ https://www.parl.ca/Content/Bills/392/Private/S-215/S-215_4/S-215_4.PDF [ bare URL PDF ]
  13. ↑ LEGISINFO - The Library of Parliament's research tool for finding information on legislation
  14. ↑ LEGISINFO - The Library of Parliament's research tool for finding information on legislation
  15. ↑ https://www.parl.ca/Content/Bills/392/Private/S-215/S-215_4/S-215_4.PDF [ bare URL PDF ]
  16. ↑ Steven Chase "Bill A Beacon of Hope for Decaying Lighthouses", Globe and Mail May 9, 2008, p. A11
  17. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses Protection Act". Justice Laws, Canada. Government of Canada. 20 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
  18. ↑ The Heritage Canada Foundation - Featured Heritage Buildings Archived 2008-05-13 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ↑ "Press release: Budget "No", Preserving Heritage Lighthouses "Yes" Says MP Catherine Bell | NDP". Archived from the original on 2007-07-07. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
  20. ↑ Hansard Vol. 141 No. 129 1st Session 39th Parliament March 27, 2007 http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Pub=Hansard&Doc=129&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1&DocId=2805041&File=0#Int-1986764 Archived 2011-01-16 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ↑ http://www.heritagecanada.org/eng/news/pdf/HeritageReportCardforCanada_2007.pdf [ permanent dead link ]
  22. ↑ Federal bill to protect lighthouses running out of time in Parliament, Macleans" June 9, 2007 Hannah Zitner Canadian press http://www.macleans.ca/canada/wire/article.jsp?content=n060908A
  23. ↑ Lighthouse Bill Protecting Our Lighthouses - The Icons of Canada's Maritime Heritage by Douglas Franklin "The Heritage Canada Foundation - Featured Heritage Buildings". Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2008-06-10.
  24. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses of Canada" Parks Canada Archived 2011-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ "Linda Mondoux, "Always Wanted to Own Your Own Lighthouse", My Waterfront Home.Com". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
  26. ↑ Schleich, Jennifer (5 June 2012). "Chantry Lighthouse transfer held up by land claim". Shoreline Beacon. Saugeen Shores. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
  27. ↑ ""DFO Declares All Lighthouse Surplus Undermining Intention of Act", Canadian Heritage Foundation June 10, 2010". Archived from the original on January 17, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  28. ↑ ""DFO Declares ALL Lighthouses Surplus" BC Heritage Blog July 29, 2010". Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  29. ↑ Amy Minsky, "Feds Lighthouse Sell-Off Program Hits Dark Patch", Montreal Gazette, Dec. 23, 2010 [ permanent dead link ]
  30. ↑ "Fate of Canada’s lighthouses to be revealed soon", CBC News, 29 May 2015
  31. ↑ "976 Lighthouses Declared Surplus", CBC News, June 9, 2010
  32. ↑ "Three Lighthouses in Atlantic Canada Granted Federal Heritage Status", Chronicle Herald, 22 September 2016
  33. ↑ "SaltWire | SaltWire".
  34. ↑ "Three Lighthouses in Atlantic Canada Granted Federal Heritage Status", Chronicle Herald, 22 September 2016
  35. ↑ "Parks Canada designates 88 heritage lighthouses". 7 July 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
  36. ↑ "Government of Canada Announces New Heritage Lighthouse Designations".
  37. ↑ "Heritage Lighthouses of Canada". Parks Canada. Government of Canada. 2017. Retrieved 2017-08-18.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.