Education in Indonesia falls under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology and the Ministry of Religious Affairs. In Indonesia, all citizens must undertake twelve years of compulsory education which consists of six years at elementary level and three each at middle and high school levels. Islamic, Christian and Buddhist schools are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
Priyayi was the Dutch-era class of the nobles of the robe, as opposed to royal nobility or ningrat (Javanese), in Java, Indonesia. Priyayi is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the adipati or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the Sultan Agung of Mataram to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the priyayi moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian Republic.
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat ; from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara, which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese pronunciation, was a leading Indonesian independence movement activist, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer of education for native Indonesians in Dutch colonial times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy and the Dutch colonials.
The Indonesian National Awakening is a term for the period in the first half of the 20th century, during which people from many parts of the archipelago of Indonesia first began to develop a national consciousness as "Indonesians".
Herman Thomas Karsten was a Dutch engineer who gave major contributions to architecture and town planning in Indonesia during Dutch colonial rule. Most significantly he integrated the practice of colonial urban environment with native elements; a radical approach to spatial planning for Indonesia at the time. He introduced a neighborhood plan for all ethnic groups in Semarang, built public markets in Yogyakarta and Surakarta, and a city square in the capital Batavia. Between 1915 and 1941 he was given responsibility for planning 12 out of 19 municipalities in Java, 3 out of 9 towns in Sumatra and a town in Kalimantan. He received official recognition from both the government through his appointment to the colony's major Town Planning Committee and by the academic community with his appointment to the position of Lecturer for Town Planning at the School of Engineering at Bandung. He died in an internment camp near Bandung in 1945 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies.
Arie Frederik Lasut was a National Hero of Indonesia, because of his involvement in the struggle for independence and his efforts to advance Indonesia’s mining and geological infrastructure during the nation’s beginnings. Arie Lasut was born in Kapataran, a village in the regency of Minahasa in the province of North Sulawesi. He was the eldest son of eight children born to Darius Lasut and Ingkan Supit. His brother, Willy Lasut, went on to become governor of North Sulawesi.
Franciscus Georgius Josephus van Lith, SJ, or often called Frans van Lith or affectionately Romo van Lith, was a Jesuit priest from Oirschot, Netherlands, who pioneered the Catholic mission in Java, especially Central Java.
Suharso, (1912–1971) also spelled Soeharso, was an Indonesian medical doctor known for his work with disabled people and in the rehabilitation of people injured during the Indonesian National Revolution. He was declared to be a National Hero of Indonesia in 1973.
Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB) or Islamic Youth Association was a youth organization during the Dutch East Indies ruling established in Batavia on January 1, 1925. The organization was established by Indonesian young students with the first goal to provide courses on Islam to Muslim students to engage a sense of brotherhood amongst the educated Muslim youth from different regions of the archipelago who were previously members of local associations, such as Jong Java, Jong Sumatra, and others.
Raden Gondulphus Doeriat was an Indonesian politician from the Catholic Party. He was a member of the People's Representative Council from 1956 until 1960, and later from 1968 until 1971. After the fusion of the party into the Indonesian Democratic Party, he held office as the head of the party from 1976 until 1981, and represented the party in the Supreme Advisory Council from 1978 until 1983.
Raden Ajeng Srimulat, also known simply as Srimulat, was an Indonesian comedian, actor, singer, and founding member of the popular Srimulat comedy troupe. She was the wife of Teguh Slamet Rahardjo, one of the most famous Indonesian comedians of the postwar era.
Fachrul Baraqbah (1925–1980) was an Indonesian politician who was a member of the Kutai Sultanate royal family and was a mid-level leader of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) until his arrest in 1965 during the anti-communist repression preceding the Transition to the New Order. As an aristocrat, he was considered an anomaly for supporting the Indonesian National Revolution, renouncing his royal title, and joining the PKI.
Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS) was a school during the Dutch colonial era in Indonesia. The school, was first established in 1914, following with the enactment of the Dutch Ethical Policy. The school was at the Low Education level or at the level of basic education today. The school was intended for the population of indigenous Indonesian descent. Generally reserved for children from the noble class, prominent figures, or civil servants. The length of the school was seven years.
Hollandsch-Chineesche School (HCS) were schools established by the Dutch colonial government in Indonesia for children of Chinese descent. These schools were first established in Jakarta in 1908, mainly to compete with the Chinese language schools founded by Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan in 1901 and which attracted a lot of interest.
Jong Batak Bond, sometimes simply called Jong Batak, was a short-lived but influential Batak intellectual organization founded in Batavia, Dutch East Indies in December 1925. Like Budi Utomo, Jong Java and other such organizations, its members consisted of native Indonesian students in Dutch-language schools interested in advancing their ethnic group and Indonesian nationalism at the same time. Notable members of the group include Amir Sjarifuddin Harahap, Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia Harahap, Sanusi Pane, Saleh Said Harahap and Arifin Harahap.
Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo was an Indonesian politician who served as the first Governor of West Java in 1945. A former member of the Volksraad, he was also renowned for the 1936 Soetardjo Petition.
Tandiono Manu was an Indonesian politician who served as Minister of Agriculture in the Natsir Cabinet between 1950 and 1951, and Minister of Trade and Industry within the Halim Cabinet of the Republic of Indonesia during the United States of Indonesia period.
Amir Hamzah Pasaribu (1915–2010) was an Indonesian composer, pianist, cellist, cultural critic and music pedagogue. He was one of the first Indonesians to study classical music abroad and was very active in music composition, education and performance during the first two decades of Indonesian independence, and he founded the Indonesian Musician's Union. During the New Order period he left Indonesia for Suriname where he worked as a music teacher and orchestral musician, returning to Indonesia in 1996.
Madoera Residency was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located on the island of Madura and with its capital at Pamekasan. It also included some smaller islands off Madura such as the Kangean Islands and Sapudi Islands. The Residency was divided into 4 districts : Pamekasan, Bangkalan, Sampang and Soemenep. It existed from the 1880s, when the Dutch established more direct control over the Island, to 1942 when the Japanese invaded the Indies, except for a brief period 1928-31 when it was divided into two smaller residencies.
Baginda Dahlan Abdullah was an Indonesian educator, politician, and diplomat of Minangkabau descent who served as the first ambassador of the United States of Indonesia to the Kingdom of Iraq, Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon.
