National Hero of Indonesia

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National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian : Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. [1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens" [lower-alpha 1] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people". [lower-alpha 2] [2] The Ministry of Social Affairs gives seven criteria which an individual must fulfill, as follows: [2]

Contents

  1. Have been an Indonesian citizen [lower-alpha 3] who is deceased and, during his or her lifetime, led an armed struggle or produced a concept or product useful to the state;
  2. Have continued the struggle throughout his or her life and performed above and beyond the call of duty;
  3. Have had a wide-reaching impact through his or her actions;
  4. Have shown a high degree of nationalism;
  5. Have been of good moral standing and respectable character;
  6. Never surrendered to his or her enemies; and
  7. Never committed an act which taints his or her legacy. [lower-alpha 4]

Nominations undergo a four-step process and must be approved at each level. A proposal is made by the general populace in a city or regency to the mayor or regent, who must then make a request to the province's governor. The governor then makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Social Affairs, which forwards it to the president, represented by the Board of Titles (Dewan Gelar); [2] this board consists of two academics, two persons of a military background, and three persons who have previously received an award or title. [1] Those selected by the president, as represented by the Board, are awarded the title at a ceremony in the Indonesian capital of Jakarta. [2] Since 2000, the ceremony has occurred in early November, coinciding with Indonesia's Heroes' Day (Hari Pahlawan). [3]

The legal framework for the title, initially styled National Independence Hero (Pahlawan Kemerdekaan Nasional), was established with the release of Presidential Decree No. 241 of 1958. The title was first awarded on 30 August 1959 to the politician turned writer Abdul Muis, who had died the previous month. [4] [5] [6] This title was used for the rest of Sukarno's rule. When Suharto rose to power in the mid-1960s, the title was given its current name. Special titles at the level of National Hero have also been awarded. Hero of the Revolution (Pahlawan Revolusi) was given in 1965 to ten victims of the 30 September Movement that resulted in end of Sukarno reign, while Sukarno and former vice-president Mohammad Hatta were given the title Proclamation Heroes (Pahlawan Proklamasi) in 1988 for their role in reading the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. [3] [4] [6]

A total of 190 men and 16 women have been deemed national heroes, most recently Abdul Chalim, Ahmad Hanafiah, Bataha Santiago, Ida Dewa Agung Jambe, Mohammad Tabrani, and Ratu Kalinyamat in 2023. [7] These heroes have come from all parts of the Indonesian archipelago, from Aceh in the west to Papua in the east. They represent numerous ethnicities, including native Indonesians, ethnic Chinese, Arabs and Eurasians. They include prime ministers, guerrillas, government ministers, soldiers, royalty, journalists, and a bishop.

The following list is initially presented in alphabetical order; owing to differing cultural naming conventions, not all entries are sorted by last name. The list is further sortable by year of birth, death, and recognition. Names are standardised using the Indonesian Spelling System and thus may not reflect the original spelling. [lower-alpha 5]

National Heroes of Indonesia

I Gusti Ngurah Rai NgurahRai.png
I Gusti Ngurah Rai
Adnan Kapau Gani Ak gani.jpg
Adnan Kapau Gani
Albertus Sugiyapranata Soegijapranata Nasional 8 Nov 1960 p1.jpg
Albertus Sugiyapranata
Bung Tomo Bung Tomo.jpg
Bung Tomo
Fatmawati Fatmawati Soekarno (1966).jpg
Fatmawati
Sam Ratulangi Sam Ratulangi IPPHOS.jpg
Sam Ratulangi
Kartini COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Portret van Raden Ajeng Kartini TMnr 10018776.jpg
Kartini
Mohammad Hatta Mohammad Hatta 1950.jpg
Mohammad Hatta
Pakubuwono X Pakubuwono X in uniform.jpg
Pakubuwono X
Sudirman Sudirman.jpg
Sudirman
Sukarno Presiden Sukarno.jpg
Sukarno
Tan Malaka TanMalaka DariPendjara ed3.jpg
Tan Malaka
As'ad Syamsul Arifin As'ad Syamsul Arifin.jpg
As'ad Syamsul Arifin
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National Heroes of Indonesia
NameBornDiedElevatedNotesRef.
Abdul Chalim  [ id ]189819722023Islamic Leader, co-founder of Nahdlatul Ulama [7]
Abdul Halim Majalengka 188719622008Independence activist and Islamic scholar, Member of BPUPK [3] [8]
Abdul Haris Nasution 191820002002General in the Army, twice appointed Army Chief of Staff [3] [9]
Abdul Kadir 177118751999Nobleman from Melawi, promoted economic development, fought against the colonial Dutch [3] [10]
Abdul Kahar Muzakir 190719632019Member of BPUPK and first rector of the Islamic University of Indonesia [11]
Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah 190819812011Islamic scholar and author [12]
Abdul Muis 188319591959Politician, later author [lower-alpha 6] [4] [13]
Abdul Rahman Saleh 190919471974Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch [4] [14]
Abdul Wahab Hasbullah 188819712014Founding father of Nahdlatul Ulama, established pro-independence organizations [15] [16]
Abdurrahman Baswedan 190819862018Journalist who united Arab-descent people with Indonesians during the independence war [17]
Ahmad Sanusi 188919502022Islamic scholar, Member of BPUPK [18]
Ahmad Subarjo 189619782009Independence activist and government minister [3] [19]
Adam Malik Batubara 191719841998Journalist and independence activist, third Vice-President of Indonesia [3] [20]
Adnan Kapau Gani 190519682007Independence activist, smuggled weapons to support the National Revolution [3] [21]
Nyi Ageng Serang 175218281974 Javanese guerrilla leader who led attacks on Dutch colonials on several occasions [3] [22]
Agus Salim 188419541961 Minang Islamic leader, politician, independence activist [4] [23]
Agustinus Adisucipto 191619471974Early figure in the Air Force, killed when his medical flight was shot down by the Dutch [4] [24]
Ahmad Dahlan 186819341961 Javanese Islamic leader, established Muhammadiyah; husband of Siti Walidah [4] [25]
Ahmad Hanafiah  [ id ]190519472023Islamic leader, founder of Hizbullah (Indonesia) [7]
Ahmad Rifa'i 178618702004Islamic thinker and writer known for his anti-Dutch stance [3] [26]
Ahmad Yani 192219651965Leader of the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [27]
Aji Muhammad Idris  [ id ]166717392021Monarch of the Sultanate of Kutai (now part of East Kalimantan) who fought the Dutch [28] [29]
Albertus Sugiyapranata 189619631963 Javanese Catholic bishop and nationalist [4] [30]
Alexander Andries Maramis 189719772019Member of BPUPK and government minister [11]
Alimin 188919641964Independence advocate, politician, and Communist Party of Indonesia figure [4] [31]
Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe 191819472005 Bugis nobleman, attacked Dutch forces during National Revolution, son of Andi Mappanyukki [3] [32]
Andi Jemma 190119652002Independence activist, led attacks against Dutch forces during the National Revolution [3] [33]
Andi Mappanyukki 188519672004 Bugis nobleman, led attacks against Dutch forces, father of Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe [3] [34]
Antasari 180918621968Fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Banjarmasin War [4] [35]
Arie Frederik Lasut 191819491969Geologist and educator who was executed by the Dutch [4] [36]
Arnoldus Isaac Zacharias Mononutu 189619832020Information minister [37]
As'ad Syamsul Arifin 189719902016Islamic Leader, co-founder of Nahdlatul Ulama [38]
Sultan Baabullah 15th century15832020Ruler of Sultanate of Ternate [37]
Bagindo Azizchan 191019472005Mayor of Padang, resisted Dutch forces during the National Revolution [3] [39]
Basuki Rahmat 192119691969General, witness to the Supersemar [4] [40]
Bataha Santiago 162216752023The third king of Manganitu Kingdom in Sangihe Islands who fought against Dutch colonial forces [7]
Bernard Wilhelm Lapian 189219772015Nationalist, church leader, and second governor of Sulawesi [41]
Teungku Chik di Tiro 183618911973 Acehnese Islamic figure and guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces [4] [42]
Cilik Riwut 191819871998Soldier and politician, promoted economic and cultural development in Central Kalimantan [3] [43]
Cipto Mangunkusumo 188619431964 Javanese politician, mentor to Sukarno [4] [44]
Cokroaminoto 188319341961Politician, leader of Sarekat Islam, mentor to Sukarno [4] [45]
Ernest Douwes Dekker 187919501961 Indo journalist and politician who advocated Indonesian independence [lower-alpha 7] [4] [46]
Depati Amir  [ id ]180518692018Independence fighter from Bangka [17]
Andi Depu Maraddia Balanipa 190719852018Female figure from West Sulawesi who led fighters for independence [17]
Dewi Sartika 188419471966Educator, established the country's first school for girls [4] [47]
Cut Nyak Dhien 185019081964 Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces; wife of Teuku Umar [4] [48]
Diponegoro 178518551973Son of the Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought a five-year war against Dutch colonial forces [4] [49]
Donald Isaac Panjaitan 192519651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [50]
Fakhruddin 189019291964Islamic leader, negotiated protection of Indonesian hajj pilgrims [4] [51]
Fatmawati 192319802000Sewed the first national flag, social activist, a wife of Sukarno [3] [52]
Ferdinand Lumbantobing 189919621962Doctor and politician, fought for the rights of forced labourers [4] [53]
Frans Kaisiepo 192119791993 Papuan nationalist who helped in the acquisition of Papua [3] [54]
Gatot Mangkupraja 189619682004Independence activist and politician, suggested the formation of Defenders of the Homeland [3] [55]
Gatot Subroto 190719621962General, deputy chief-of-staff of the Army [4] [56]
Halim Perdanakusuma 192219471975Early figure in the Air Force, died in an accidental plane crash in Perak, Malaysia during the National Revolution [3] [57]
Hamengkubuwono I 171717922006 Sultan of Yogyakarta, fought against the Dutch East India Company, established Yogyakarta [3] [58]
Hamengkubuwono IX 191219881990 Sultan of Yogyakarta, independence activist, military leader, and politician; second Vice-President of Indonesia [3] [59]
Harun Thohir 194719681968 Bombed the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation [lower-alpha 8] [4] [60]
Hasan Basri 192319842001Soldier during the Indonesian National Revolution, supported the integration of Kalimantan in Indonesia [3] [61]
Hasanuddin 163116701973 Sultan of Gowa, fought against Dutch colonial forces [4] [62]
Hasyim Asy'ari 187519471964Islamic leader, founder of Nahdlatul Ulama [4] [63]
Hazairin 190619751999Legal scholar, independence activist, government minister, and educator [3] [64]
Herman Johannes 191219922009Engineer, made weapons for the National Revolution, co-founded Gadjah Mada University [3] [65]
Sultan Himayatuddin Muhammad Saidi  [ id ]18th century17762019Sultan of Buton who protested against a deal with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) [11]
Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung 192119992007Independence activist, diplomat, and government minister [3] [66]
Ida Dewa Agung Jambe  [ id ]185519082023 [7]
Idham Chalid 192120102011Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, politician [12] [67]
Ilyas Yakoub 190319581999Independence activist, politician, and guerrilla fighter [3] [68]
Tuanku Imam Bonjol 177218641973Islamic figure from West Sumatra who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War [4] [69]
Radin Inten II 183418561986Nobleman from Lampung, led a revolution against Dutch colonists [3] [70]
Iskandar Muda 159316361993 Sultan of Aceh, expanded the state's influence [lower-alpha 9] [3] [71]
Ismail Marzuki 191419582004Composer known for numerous patriotic songs [3] [72]
Iswahyudi 191819471975Early figure in the Air Force, killed during the National Revolution [3] [73]
Iwa Kusumasumantri 189919712002Independence activist, lawyer, and politician, first Minister of Social Affairs [3] [74]
Izaak Huru Doko 191319852006Independence activist and educator, helped establish Udayana University [3] [75]
Jamin Ginting 192119742014Politician and military officer in Sumatra during the National Revolution [15]
Janatin 194319681968 Bombed the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank building in Singapore during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation [lower-alpha 10] [4] [76]
Jatikusumo 191719922002Member of the Pakubuwono royal family of Surakarta, general in the Army and politician [3] [77]
Johannes Abraham Dimara 191620002010 Papuan army officer who helped in the acquisition of Papua [78]
Johannes Leimena 190519772010Early Minister of Health, developed the Puskesmas clinic system [78]
Juanda Kartawijaya 191119631963 Sundanese politician, final Prime Minister of Indonesia [4] [79]
Karel Satsuit Tubun 192819651965Police brigadier, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [80]
Ignatius Joseph Kasimo 190019862011Independence activist, Catholic Party leader [12] [81]
Kasman Singodimedjo 190419822018 Muhammadiyah figure, who united the nation during the UUD 1945 Constitution ratification process by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence. Later served as chair of the Central Indonesian National Committee, the precursor of the People's Representative Council and as Justice Undersecretary. [17]
Katamso Darmokusumo 192319651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [82]
I Gusti Ketut Jelantik 18th century18491993 Balinese leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces [3] [83]
I Gusti Ketut Puja 190419572011First Governor of Sunda Kecil Province [12] [84]
Ki Bagus Hadikusumo  [ id ]189019542015 [41]
Ki Hajar Dewantara 188919591959Educator and state minister, established Taman Siswa, brother of Raden Mas Suryopranoto [4] [85]
Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro 190419572011Educator with Budi Utomo and Taman Siswa, government minister [12] [86]
Kiras Bangun 185219422005 Batak guerrilla leader who fought the Dutch colonialists [3] [87]
La Maddukelleng 170017651998Nobleman from Paser Sultanate, repelled Dutch forces from Wajo Kingdom [3] [88]
Lafran Pane 192219912017Founded the Muslim Students' Association [89]
Lambertus Nicodemus Palar 190019812013Diplomat, negotiated recognition of Indonesia during the Revolution [90]
Yahya Daniel Dharma 191119882009 Rear Admiral in the Navy, smuggled products to fund the National Revolution [3] [91]
Mahmud Singgirei Rumagesan 188519642020Monarch of Sultanate of Sekar (now in Fakfak Regency, West Papua) who advocated for integration of Western New Guinea into Indonesia [37] [92]
Mahmud Badaruddin II 176718521984 Sultan of Palembang, fought against Dutch colonial forces [3] [93]
Sultan Mahmud Riayat Syah 176018122017 Sultan of Riau Lingga, fought against Dutch colonial forces [89]
Malahayati 15th centuryearly 16th century2017Female admiral in the navy of the Aceh Sultanate, fought against Cornelis de Houtman [89]
Mangkunegara I 172517951988Fought against Dutch colonists and collaborators in Central Java [3] [94]
Maria Walanda Maramis 187219241969Women's rights advocate and educator [4] [95]
Martha Christina Tiahahu 180018181969 Guerrilla fighter from Maluku who died in Dutch custody [4] [96]
Marthen Indey 191219861993Nationalist and independence activist, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia [3] [97]
Mas Isman 192419822015Revolutionary who commanded students paramilitary TRI Pelajar during independence war [41]
Mas Mansur 189619461964Islamic scholar, Muhammadiyah leader [4] [98]
Masykur 191719942019Member of BPUPK, founder of PETA, government minister [11]
Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono 192419651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [99]
Maskun Sumadireja 190719862004Independence activist and politician [3] [100]
Raden Mattaher  [ id ]187119072020 [37]
Cut Nyak Meutia 187019101964 Acehnese guerrilla leader who fought against Dutch colonial forces [4] [101]
Mohammad Hatta 190219802012Independence activist, First Vice-President of Indonesia [lower-alpha 11] [102] [103]
Mohammad Husni Thamrin 189419411960Politician and independence activist [4] [104]
Mohammad Natsir 190819932008Islamic scholar and politician, fifth Prime Minister of Indonesia [3] [105]
Mohammad Tabrani Soerjowitjirto 190419842023Indonesian journalist and politician, major proponent of the Indonesian language as a national language. [7]
Teuku Muhammad Hasan 190619972006Independence activist, first governor of Sumatra [3] [106]
Muhammad Mangundiprojo 190519882014 [15]
Mohammad Yamin 190319621973Poet turned politician and independence activist [4] [107]
Muhammad Yasin 192020122015Regarded as the founder of Indonesian Police's Mobile Brigade Corps [41] [108]
Muhammad Zainuddin Abdul Madjid  [ id ]189819972017 Islamic scholar and Nahdlatul Wathan founder [89]
Mustopo 191319862007Leader during the Battle of Surabaya, established Dr. Moestopo Dental College [3] [109]
Muwardi 190719481964Handled security for the Proclamation of Independence, established a hospital in Surakarta [4] [110]
Nani Wartabone 190719862003Independence activist and politician, helped put down the Permesta rebellion [3] [111]
I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung 187619062015 Balinese fighter against the Dutch colonials [41]
I Gusti Ngurah Rai 191719461975 Balinese military leader during National Revolution [3] [112]
Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin 173818051995 Sultan of Tidore, led several naval battles against Dutch colonial forces [3] [113]
Nur Ali 191419922006Islamic leader and educator, led student soldiers during the National Revolution [3] [114]
Teuku Nyak Arif 189919461974 Acehnese politician and resistance leader, first governor of Aceh [115]
Opu Daeng Risaju 188019642006Early woman politician, fought against the Dutch during the National Revolution [3] [116]
Oto Iskandar di Nata 189719451973Politician and independence activist [4] [117]
Pajonga Daeng Ngalle Polobangkeng 190119582006Coordinated attacks in South Sulawesi during the National Revolution, promoted integration [3] [118]
Paku Alam VIII 191019982022Vice Governor of Yogyakarta, independence activist, and politician [18]
Pakubuwono VI 180718491964 Susuhunan of Surakarta, rebelled against Dutch colonial forces [4] [119]
Pakubuwono X 186619392011 Susuhunan of Surakarta, supported various projects which furthered Native Indonesian interests [12] [120]
Pangeran Muhammad Noor 190119792018Banjar Prince, guerrilla fighter, 1st Governor of Kalimantan & former Minister of Public Works [17]
Pattimura 178318171973 Guerrilla from Maluku who fought against Dutch colonial forces [4] [121]
Pierre Tendean 193919651965Soldier in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [122]
Pong Tiku 184619072002 Torajan noble, fought against Dutch colonialists [3] [123]
Raden Ajeng Kartini 187919041964 Javanese women's rights figure [4] [124]
Raden Aria Wangsakara 17212021Indonesian cleric and nobleman, regarded as the founder of Tangerang and defended the region from Dutch attack in the early 18th century [28] [125]
Raden Eddy Martadinata 192119661966Admiral in the Navy and diplomat, killed in a helicopter crash [4] [126]
Raden Mas Suryopranoto 187119591959Education and workers' rights figure, brother of Ki Hajar Dewantara [4] [127]
Raden Mas Tumenggung Ario Suryo 189619481964First Governor of East Java during the National Revolution [4] [128]
Raden Panji Suroso 189319811986Politician and independence activist, first Governor of Central Java [3] [129]
Raden Said Sukanto Cokrodiatmojo 190819932020First Chief of the Indonesian National Police [37]
Sudirman 191619501964Commander in Chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces for most of the National Revolution [lower-alpha 12] [4] [130]
Raden Suleiman Effendi Kusumahatmaja 189819521965First Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia [4] [131]
Raja Ali Haji 1809c. 18702004Historian and poet from Riau [3] [132]
Raja Haji Fisabilillah 172717841997Warrior from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces [3] [133]
Rajiman Wediodiningrat 187919522013First head of the People's Representative Council [90]
Ranggong Daeng Romo 191519472001Led troops in two battles against Dutch forces during the National Revolution [3] [134]
Ratu Kalinyamat 152015792023 [7]
Rasuna Said 191019651974Women's rights advocate and nationalist [3] [135]
Rubini Natawisastra  [ id ]190619442022Medical doctor, killed during Mandor affair [18]
Robert Wolter Mongisidi 192519491973 Guerrilla fighter in Makassar during the National Revolution, executed by the Dutch [4] [136]
Rohana Kudus 188419722019First female journalist, activist for education and women's emancipation. [11]
Saharjo 190919631963 Minister of Justice, pioneered legal reform in the country [4] [137]
Salahuddin bin Talabuddin  [ id ]187419482022 North Maluku politician and supporter of Indonesian independence, executed by the Dutch [18]
Sam Ratulangi 189019491961 Minahasa politician and supporter of Indonesian independence [4] [138]
Samanhudi 187819561961Businessman, established Sarekat Islam [4] [139]
Sardjito  [ id ]188919702019First rector of Gadjah Mada University [11]
Silas Papare 191819781993Fought for Papua's independence from the Dutch, promoted Papuan integration in Indonesia [3] [140]
Sisingamangaraja XII 184919071961 Batak leader who fought a lengthy guerrilla campaign against Dutch colonial forces [4] [133]
Siswondo Parman 191819651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [141]
Siti Hartinah 192319961996Wife of president Suharto, active in social work, established Taman Mini Indonesia Indah [3] [142]
Syam'un 189419492018Islamic scholar, guerrilla fighter for independence. [17]
Siti Walidah 187219461971Founder of Aisyiyah, Muhammadiyah figure, wife of Ahmad Dahlan, [lower-alpha 13] [4] [143]
Slamet Riyadi 192719502007Brigadier General in the Army, killed while putting down a rebellion in Sulawesi [3] [144]
Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto 192619651965Colonel in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [145]
Soeharto Sastrosoeyoso 190820002022Medical doctor, founder of Indonesian Medical Association [18]
Suharso 191219711973Medical pioneer in prosthetics [4] [146]
Sukarjo Wiryopranoto 190319621962Independence figure, diplomat, and politician [4] [147]
Sukarni 191619712014Youth leader and activist [15]
Sukarno 190119702012First President of Indonesia, Independence activist, orator, read the Proclamation of Independence [lower-alpha 11] [102] [103]
Sultan Agung 159116451975 Sultan of Mataram, fought against encroachment by the Dutch East India Company [3] [148]
Andi Sultan Daeng Raja 189419632006Independence activist and politician [3] [149]
Supeno 191619491970Government minister, killed while fighting against the Dutch during the National Revolution [4] [150]
Supomo 190319581965First Minister of Justice, helped write the Constitution [4] [151]
Suprapto 192019651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [152]
Supriyadi 192519451975Leader of a rebellion against the Japanese occupation forces in Blitar [lower-alpha 14] [3] [153]
Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution 190419932020First governor of North Sumatra [37]
Sutan Syahrir 190919661966Politician, first Prime Minister of Indonesia [4] [154]
Sutomo 188819381961 Javanese educator, established Budi Utomo [lower-alpha 15] [4] [155]
Sutomo 192019812008Military officer who led troops in the Battle of Surabaya [lower-alpha 16] [3] [156]
Sutoyo Siswomiharjo 192219651965General in the Army, killed by the 30 September Movement [4] [157]
Syafruddin Prawiranegara 191119892011First governor of Bank Indonesia [12]
Syarif Kasim II 189319681998 Sultan of Siak, promoted integration of the East Sumatran kingdoms [3] [150]
Tahi Bonar Simatupang 192019902013General who served as chief of staff from 1950 to 1954 [90]
Tuanku Tambusai 178418821995Islamic leader from Riau who fought against Dutch colonial forces in the Padri War [3] [158]
Tan Malaka 188419491963 Minang politician and communist activist [4] [159]
Thaha Syaifuddin 181619041977 Sultan of Jambi, led an armed revolution against Dutch colonial forces [3] [160]
Tirtayasa 163116831970 Guerrilla from Banten who fought against the Dutch [4] [161]
Tirto Adhi Suryo 188019182006Early journalist, exiled for his anti-Dutch editorials [3] [162]
Tengku Amir Hamzah 191119461975Langkat royal family member, poet, nationalist; victim of the East Sumatra Social Revolution [3] [163]
Teuku Umar 185418991973 Acehnese guerrilla leader, fought against Dutch colonial forces; husband of Cut Nyak Dhien [4] [164]
Tombolotutu  [ id ]185719012021Monarch of the Kingdom of Moutong who fought a guerilla campaign against Dutch colonial government from 1898–1901 [28] [29]
Untung Surapati 166017061975Led several rebellions against the Dutch East India Company [3] [165]
Urip Sumoharjo 189319481964Early leader of Indonesian Armed Forces, second in command to Sudirman [4] [166]
Usmar Ismail 192119712021Indonesian journalist and film director, regarded as the Father of Indonesian Cinema [28] [167]
Wage Rudolf Supratman 190319381971Composer of the national anthem "Indonesia Raya" [4] [168]
Wahid Hasyim 191419531964Leader of Nahdlatul Ulama, first Minister of Religion of Indonesia [4] [169]
Wahidin Sudirohusodo 185219171973Doctor and leader in Budi Utomo [4] [170]
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes 189519521968Medical pioneer in radiology [4] [171]
Yos Sudarso 192519621973 Navy Commodore, killed in a confrontation with the Dutch over Netherlands New Guinea [4] [172]
Yusuf Tajul Khalwati 162616991995Islamic leader, led a guerrilla rebellion against the Dutch East India Company [3] [173]
Zainal Mustafa 190719441972Islamic leader who fought against the Japanese occupation forces [4] [174]
Zainul Arifin 190919631963Politician and guerrilla fighter, killed by an assassin targeting Sukarno [4] [175]

Explanatory notes

  1. Original: "'... perbuatan nyata yang dapat dikenang dan diteladani sepanjang masa bagi warga masyarakat lainnya."
  2. Original: "... berjasa sangat luar biasa bagi kepentingan bangsa dan negara."
  3. Act No. 20 of 2009 gives provisions for persons who died before Indonesia's independence in 1945, allowing those who "fought against colonialism in an area that is now part of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia" (Original: "berjuang melawan penjajahan di wilayah yang sekarang menjadi wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia") to receive the title.
  4. Based on the original:
    1. Warga Negara Indonesia yang telah meninggal dunia dan semasa hidupnya:
      1. Telah memimpin dan melakukan perjuangan bersenjata atau perjuangan politik/ perjuangan dalam bidang lain mencapai/ merebut /memper tahankan/mengisi kemerdekaan serta mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.
      2. Telah melahirkan gagasan atau pemikiran besar yang dapat menunjang pembangunan bangsa dan negara.
      3. Telah menghasilkan karya besar yang mendatangkan manfaat bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat luas atau meningkatkan harkat dan martabat bangsa Indonesia.
    2. Pengabdian dan Perjuangan yang dilakukannya berlangsung hampir sepanjang hidupnya (tidak sesaat) dan melebihi tugas yang diembannya.
    3. Perjuangan yang dilakukan mempunyai jangkauan luas dan berdampak nasional.
    4. Memiliki konsistensi jiwa dan semangat kebangsaan/nasionalisme yang tinggi.
    5. Memiliki akhlak dan moral yang tinggi.
    6. Tidak menyerah pada lawan/musuh dalam perjuangannya.
    7. Datam riwayat hidupnya tidak pernah melakukan perbuatan tercela yang dapat merusak nilai perjuangannya.
  5. The Indonesian language has undergone several spelling reforms since the country declared its independence in 1945. As of 2020, the Indonesian Spelling System, issued in 2015, is the official spelling system in Indonesia.
  6. Some sources give his birth year as 1886 or 1890.
  7. Also known by the Sundanese name Danudirja Setiabudi
  8. Also known as Harun Tahir
  9. Year of birth uncertain. Some sources, such as Encyclopædia Britannica, give 1590.
  10. Also known as Usman bin Haji Muhammad Ali.
  11. 1 2 Previously declared a Proclamation Hero in 1986
  12. 1916 is the date recognised by the Indonesian government. The actual date may be different. Several sources, for example, give 1912 (Said 1991, p. 80).
  13. Generally noted as Nyai Ahmad Dahlan, meaning "wife of Ahmad Dahlan"
  14. Date of death uncertain; he disappeared in 1945.
  15. Most often referred to as Dr. Sutomo
  16. Also known as Bung Tomo

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Indonesian State Secretariat, Prosedur.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (2).
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Indonesian State Secretariat, Daftar Nama Pahlawan (1).
  5. JCG, Abdul Muis.
  6. 1 2 Artaria 2002, p. 539.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Safitri, Eva (10 November 2023). "Jokowi Resmi Beri Gelar Pahlawan Nasional ke 6 Tokoh". detik.com. Detik. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  8. Mirnawati 2012, p. 254.
  9. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 251–252.
  10. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 2–3.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Antara, Jokowi confers National Hero titles on first UGM rector, five figures.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Jakarta Post 2011, Govt Gives.
  13. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 64–66.
  14. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 185–187.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Setneg, Presiden Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  16. Detik.com, Ini Kiprah 4 Pahlawan Nasional yang Baru Dinobatkan Tahun Ini.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Antara, President awards title of national hero to six figures.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 "President Jokowi Bestows National Hero Titles to Five Figures". Cabinet Secretariat of Republic of Indonesia. 7 November 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  19. Mirnawati 2012, p. 264.
  20. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 227–228.
  21. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 265–266.
  22. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 20–21.
  23. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 80–81.
  24. Mirnawati 2012, p. 190.
  25. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 90–93.
  26. Mirnawati 2012, p. 255.
  27. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 206–207.
  28. 1 2 3 4 President Jokowi Names Four Historical Figures as National Heroes.
  29. 1 2 Profil Tombolotutu, Raja Asal Sulteng yang Diberi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
  30. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 195–196.
  31. Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 90–91.
  32. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 229–230.
  33. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 66–67.
  34. Mirnawati 2012, p. 231.
  35. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 22–23.
  36. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 158–159.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Jakarta Post, Jokowi to name six historical figures as national heroes.
  38. Kompas.com, As'ad Syamsul Arifin Dianugerahi Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
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  40. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 168–169.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 CNN Indonesia, Jokowi Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan Nasional.
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  43. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 188–189.
  44. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 68–70.
  45. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 82–83.
  46. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 71–72.
  47. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 123–124.
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  51. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 93–94.
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  53. Mirnawati 2012, pp. 160–161.
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  89. 1 2 3 4 Kominfo, Presiden Anugerahkan Gelar Pahlawan kepada 4 Tokoh Nasional.
  90. 1 2 3 Parlina 2013, Govt names three new national heroes.
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