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The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, which ceded Dutch Malacca, a governorate of the Dutch East Indies that was transferred to Great Britain has consolidated modern-day rule to the Malacca state of Malaysia. It was divided into three governorates, namely the Great East, Borneo (Kalimantan) and Sumatra, and into three provinces in Java. Provinces and governorates were further divided into residencies. Residencies under the provinces were divided into regencies (Dutch : regentschappen), and residencies under governorates were divided into departments (Dutch : Afdeelingen, modern spelling afdelingen) and then further into regentschappen. [1]
The following list is the divisions of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, prior to the Japanese occupation in World War II.
In 1938, all of the various Residencies and Gouvernements in Sumatra were reorganized under the new Gouvernement of Sumatra. [2]
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Atjeh en Onderhoorigheden | Aceh | Atjeh and Dependencies Residency | 1,003,062 | 55392.23 | Aceh, comprising the divisions (afdeeling) of Aceh Besar, North Aceh, East Aceh and West Aceh. | State of Tarumon |
Residentie Tapanoeli | Tapanuli | Tapanoeli Residency | 1,042,583 | 39076.87 | western part of North Sumatra, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Sibolga en Omstreken, Nias en omliggend eiland, Bataklanden and Padang Sidempoean | none |
Residentie Oostkust van Sumatra | Sumatra Timur | Sumatra's East Coast Residency | 1,693,200 | 94583.25 | eastern part of North Sumatra and northern part of Riau, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Langkat, Deli en Serdang, Asahan, Simaloengoen en Karolanden and Bengkalis; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Medan, Bindjai, Tebing Tinggi, Tandjoengbalai and Pematangsiantar | Langkat Sultanate, Deli Sultanate, Serdang Sultanate, Asahan Sultanate, Panei Sultanate, Siak Sultanate and Pelalawan Sultanate |
Residentie Sumatra's Westkust | Sumatra Barat | Sumatra's West Coast Residency | 1,910,298 | 49778.10 | West Sumatra including Mentawai Islands, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Tanah Datar, Agam, Solok, Limapoeloe Koto and Zuid Benedenlanden; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Padang, Bukittinggi and Sawahloento | none |
Residentie Riouw en Onderhoorigheden | Riau | Riouw and Dependencies Residency | 298,225 | 31668.44 | southern part of Riau and Riau Islands, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Indragiri and Tandjoengpinang | Indragiri Sultanate |
Residentie Djambi | Jambi | Djambi Residency | 245,272 | 44923.76 | Jambi, consisting of the division (afdeeling) of Djambi | none |
Residentie Benkoelen | Bengkulu | Benkoelen Residency | 323,123 | 26249.39 | Bengkulu, consisting of the division (afdeeling) of Benkoelen | none |
Residentie Palembang | Palembang | Palembang Residency | 1,098,725 | 86355.65 | South Sumatra, consist of the divisions (afdeeling) of Palembang Bovenlanden, Palembang Benedenlanden and Ogan en Komering-oeloe; and with the municipality (stadsgemeente) of Palembang | none |
Residentie Bangka en Onderhoorigheden | Bangka | Bangka and Dependencies Residency | 278,792 | 16774.70 | Bangka and Belitung Islands, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Bangka and Billiton | none |
Residentie Lampongsche Districten | Lampung | Lampong Districts Residency | 361,563 | 28783.74 | Lampung, consisting of the division (afdeeling) of Teloekbetoeng | none |
Java comprised three provinces,[ citation needed ] West, Middle and East Java, the boundaries of which were similar to the island's pre-2000 boundaries.[ citation needed ]
Under control of Governorate of West Java (Gouvernement West-Java)
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Bantam | Banten | Bantam Residency | 1,028,628 | n/a | Banten consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Serang, Lebak and Pandeglang | none |
Residentie Batavia | Betawi | Batavia Residency | 2,637,035 | n/a | Jakarta and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Batavia (includes Tangerang and its surrounding city and regency), Meester-Cornelis (includes most of current West Jakarta and Bekasi) and Krawang (includes Purwakarta); with municipality (stadsgemeente) of Batavia | none |
Residentie Buitenzorg | Bogor | Buitenzorg Residency | 2,212,997 | n/a | Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Buitenzorg, Soekaboemi and Tjiandjoer; with municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Buitenzorg and Soekaboemi | none |
Residentie Preanger-Regentschappen | Priangan | Preanger Regencies Residency | 3,448,796 | n/a | Bandung and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Bandoeng, Soemedang, Tasikmalaja, Tjiamis and Garoet; with municipality (stadsgemeente) of Bandoeng | none |
Residentie Cheribon | Cirebon | Cheribon Residency | 2,069,690 | n/a | Cirebon and surroundings, consisting of regencies (regentschap) of Cheribon, Koeningan, Indramajoe and Madjalengka; and with the municipality (stadsgemeente) of Cheribon | none |
Under control of Governorate of Middle Java (Gouvernement Midden-Java):
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Pekalongan | Pekalongan | Pekalongan Residency | 2,640,124 | n/a | Pekalongan, Tegal and surroundings, consisting of regencies (regentschap) of Pekalongan, Batang, Pemalang, Tegal and Brebes; and with the municipalities(stadsgemeente) of Pekalongan and Tegal | none |
Residentie Banjoemas | Banyumas | Banjoemas Residency | 2,474,447 | n/a | Banyumas, Purwokerto and surroundings, consist of the regencies (regentschap) of Banjoemas, Poerwokerto, Tjilatjap and Bandjarnegara | none |
Residentie Kedoe | Kedu | Kedoe Residency | 2,129,894 | n/a | Magelang and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Magelang, Wonosobo, Temanggoeng, Poerworedjo and Keboemen; and with the municipality (stadsgemeente) of Magelang | none |
Residentie Semarang | Semarang | Semarang Residency | 2,020,684 | n/a | The Semarang metropolitan area (Kedungsepur), consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Semarang, Kendal, Demak and Grobogan; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Semarang and Salatiga | none |
Residentie Djepara-Rembang | Jepara-Rembang | Djepara-Rembang Residency | 1,876,480 | n/a | Jepara, Rembang and surroundings, consisting of regencies (regentschap) of Pati, Djepara, Rembang, Blora and Koedoes | none |
Under control of Governorate of East Java (Gouvernement Oost-Java):
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Madioen | Madiun | Madioen Residency | 1,909,801 | n/a | Madiun and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Madioen, Magetan, Ngawi, Ponorogo and Patjitan; and with the municipality (stadsgemeente) of Madioen | none |
Residentie Bodjonegoro | Bojonegoro | Bodjonegoro Residency | 1,986,129 | n/a | Bojonegoro and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Bodjonegoro, Toeban and Lamongan | none |
Residentie Kediri | Kediri | Kediri Residency | 2,469,955 | n/a | Kediri and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Kediri, Ngandjoek, Blitar and Toeloengagoeng; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Kediri and Blitar | none |
Residentie Soerabaja | Surabaya | Soerabaja Residency | 1,902,953 | n/a | The Surabaya metropolitan area, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Soerabaja, Sidoardjo, Modjokerto and Djombang; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Soerabaja and Modjokerto | none |
Residentie Malang | Malang | Malang Residency | 2,741,105 | n/a | Malang, Probolinggo and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Malang, Pasoeroean, Probolinggo and Loemadjang; and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Malang, Pasoeroean and Probolinggo | none |
Residentie Besoeki | Besuki | Besoeki Residency | 2,083,309 | n/a | Banyuwangi and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Bondowoso, Panaroekan, Djember and Banjoewangi | none |
Residentie Madoera | Madura | Madoera Residency | 1,962,462 | n/a | Madura, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Bangkalan, Pamekasan and Soemenep | none |
In 1938 both of these Residencies were again united in a Governorate of Borneo (Gouvernement van Borneo) with its capital at Banjarmasin.
The governorate of the Great East (Dutch: 'Gouvernement Groote Oost') was created in 1938. It comprised the islands to the east of Borneo and Java, including the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, Maluku and Western New Guinea.
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Bali en Lombok | Bali dan Lombok | Bali and Lombok Residency | 1,802,683 | n/a | Bali and Lombok, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Singaradja, Zuid Bali and Lombok | Kloengkoeng Sunanate with primacy over several small states in Bali and Lombok |
Residentie Timor en Onderhoorigheden | Timor | Timor and Dependencies Residency | 1,657,376 | n/a | West Nusa Tenggara East of Lombok and East Nusa Tenggara, consisting of the divisions (afdeeling) of Soembawa, Soemba, Flores and Timor en eilanden | Soembawa Sultanate, Bima Sultanate and several small states |
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Celebes en Onderhoorigheden | Sulawesi | Celebes and Dependencies Residency | 3,093,251 | n/a | South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi, consisting of the afdeelingen of Soenggoeminasa, Bonthain, Makassar, Bone, Parepare, Mandar, and Loewoe, Boetoeng en Laiwoei and with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Makassar | Gowa Sultanate, Boetoeng Sultanate Lordship of Banggai, Lordship of Bone, Lordship of Loewoe, Lordship of Sidenreng, Lordship of Soppeng, Lordship of Wadjo, Lordship of Moena and other smaller states |
Residentie Manado | Manado | Manado Residency | 1,138,665 | n/a | Central Sulawesi, Gorontalo and North Sulawesi, consisting of the afdeelingen of Poso, Donggala, Gorontalo, Manado and Sangihe en Talaud eiland with the municipalities (stadsgemeente) of Manado | none |
In 1922 with the dissolution of Residentie Ternate to Residentie Amboina, Residentie Amboina was renamed to Residentie Molukken. In 1935 the Residentie was renamed to Governorate of the Moluccas Gouvernement Molukken until the creation of Gouvernement Groote Oost in 1938, in which Gouvernement Molukken became residentie again.
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Department | ||||
Afdeeling Ternate | Ternate | Ternate Afdeeling | 560,013 | n/a | North Maluku | Ternate Sultanate, Tidore Sultanate and Batjan Sultanate |
Afdeeling Amboina | Ambon | Amboina Afdeeling | 560,013 (with Tual) | n/a | Maluku | at least a small state, State of Amahusu |
Afdeeling Toeal | Tual | Afdeeling of Tual | 0 | n/a | Southeast Maluku | none |
Afdeeling Nieuw-Guinea | (Dutch) New Guinea | New Guinea Afdeeling | 333,387(with South New-Guinea) | n/a | West Papua and Papua | none |
Afdeeling Zuid Nieuw-Guinea | (Dutch) Southern New Guinea | South New Guinea Afdeeling | 0 | n/a | Southern part of West Papua and Papua | State of Kaimana |
The governorate of Malacca (Gouvernement Malacca) was a part of the Dutch East Indies (1818-1825), before finally handing it to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland based on Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
Name | Population | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Malacca | Melaka | Malacca Residency | n/a | 1664 | Malacca City and surroundings, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Melaka Tengah, Jasin and Alor Gajah | Sultanate of Johor |
Vorstenlanden were four native states on the island of Java in the Netherlands Indies that were nominally self-governing under suzerainty of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Their political autonomy was however severely constrained by treaties and settlements. Two of them were the Governorate of Djokjakarta and the Governorate of Soerakarta, which controlled the Residentie Djokjakarta and the Residenties of Soerakarta and Klaten respectively.
Name | Population (1930) | Area (km2) | Modern area | Princely state(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dutch name | Local name | Residency | ||||
Residentie Djokjakarta | Yogyakarta | Djokjakarta Residency | 1,559,027 | n/a | Yogyakarta, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Adikarto, Pakoealaman, Koelon-Progo, Jogjakarta, Bantoel and Goenoeng-Kidul | Jogjakarta Sultanate and Duchy of Pakoe Alaman |
Residentie Soerakarta | Surakarta | Soerakarta Residency | 2,564,848 (with Klaten) | n/a | Surakarta, consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Sragen, Soerakarta, Kota Mangkoenagaran and Wonogiri | Soerakarta Sunanate and Duchy of Mangkoe Negaran |
Residentie Klaten | Klaten | Klaten Residency | 0 | n/a | consisting of the regencies (regentschap) of Klaten and Bojolali | Soerakarta Sunanate |
Dutch New Guinea or Netherlands New Guinea was the western half of the island of New Guinea that was a part of the Dutch East Indies until 1949, later an overseas territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1949 to 1962. It contained what are now Indonesia's six easternmost provinces, Central Papua, Highland Papua, Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua, which were administered as a single province prior to 2003 under the name Irian Jaya, and now comprise the Papua region of the country.
Central Java is a province of Indonesia, located in the middle of the island of Java. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is bordered by West Java in the west, the Indian Ocean and the Special Region of Yogyakarta in the south, East Java in the east, and the Java Sea in the north. It has a total area of 33,750.37 km2, with a population of 36,516,035 at the 2020 Census making it the third-most populous province in both Java and Indonesia after West Java and East Java. The official population estimate in mid-2023 was 37,608,336 The province also includes a number of offshore islands, including the island of Nusakambangan in the south, and the Karimun Jawa Islands in the Java Sea.
Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km2, and a sea area of 3,274.95 km2.It's area is comparable to the European country, Slovakia. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census; the official estimate of population as of mid-2022 was 3,631,136.
The Republic of West Papua, alternatively known as the Federal Republic of West Papua is a quasi-state consisting of the Western New Guinea region, which is currently part of Indonesia on the continent of Oceania. The region has been part of Indonesia since 1 May 1963 under several names in the following order, West Irian, Irian Jaya, and Papua. Today the region comprises six Indonesian provinces: Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, West Papua, and Southwest Papua.
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies, was a Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which declared independence on 17 August 1945. Following the Indonesian War of Independence, Indonesia and the Netherlands made peace in 1949. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, the Dutch ceded the governorate of Dutch Malacca to Britain, leading to its eventual incorporation into Malacca (state) of modern Malaysia.
The Great East was a governorate (gouvernement) of the Dutch East Indies between 1938 and 1946. It comprised all the islands to the east of Borneo and of Java. Its capital was Macassar on Celebes.
The United States of Indonesia was a short-lived federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference. This transfer ended the four-year conflict between Indonesian nationalists and the Netherlands for control of Indonesia. It lasted less than a year, before being replaced by the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
The French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies of the Dutch East Indies took place between 1806 and 1816. The French ruled between 1806 and 1811, while the British took over for 1811 to 1816 and transferred its control back to the Dutch in 1816.
Marhum was, according to late tradition, the eighteenth King or Kolano of Ternate in the Maluku Islands. He supposedly ruled between 1465 and 1486, being the first king to adopt Islam. His name merely means "The Late", "The Deceased", and he is probably the same person as King Gapi Baguna II, mentioned in several other chronicles and king lists. His son Zainal Abidin became the first Sultan of Ternate.
Tapanoeli Residency was an administrative subdivision of the Dutch East Indies with its capital in Sibolga. It was located in northern Sumatra and existed in various forms from 1844 until the end of Dutch rule in 1942. The area it encompassed at various times corresponds to most of the western coast of the current day Indonesian province of North Sumatra and parts of Aceh, including much of the traditional heartland of Batak people. Lake Toba, a historically important crater lake, was also within the borders of the Residency.
The Gouvernment of Atjeh and Dependencies was an administrative subdivision (governorate) of the Dutch East Indies located in northern Sumatra in the region of present-day Aceh, Indonesia which existed from the late nineteenth century to 1938. The capital of the governorate was at Koetaradja. In 1938, due to a reorganization of the government structure of the Indies, it no longer had a governor and became a Residency instead, called the Atjeh and Dependencies Residency.
Preanger Regencies Residency, sometimes referred to as Preanger Residency and renamed Priangan Residency after 1931, was an administrative division (residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in Parahyangan, West Java which existed from 1817 to 1925. Its capital was in Cianjur until 1856 and thereafter in Bandung. The residency contained the municipality of Bandung and the regencies of Bandoeng, Soemedang, Tasikmalaja, Tjiamis and Garoet.
Semarang Residency was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located on the northern coast of Central Java and named after its capital city Semarang. It existed from 1818 to 1942, although its borders were changed many times during that period.
Koedoes Residency was an administrative division (Residency) of Central Java province of the Dutch East Indies with its capital at Kudus, which existed between 1928 and 1931. It was significantly larger than the present-day Kudus Regency, as it also contained Demak Regency and Jepara Regency.
Bantam Residency, sometimes spelled Banten Residency, was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies which existed from 1817 to 1942; it was located at the western point of Java and its capital was at Serang. Its borders largely correspond to the present-day Indonesian province of Banten.
Buitenzorg Residency was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in western Java which existed from 1817 to 1867 and from 1925 to 1942. Its seat was at Buitenzorg which was also the seat of the colonial government of the Indies after 1905.
Madoera Residency was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located on the island of Madura and with its capital at Pamekasan. It also included some smaller islands off Madura such as the Kangean Islands and Sapudi Islands. The Residency was divided into 4 districts : Pamekasan, Bangkalan, Sampang and Soemenep. It existed from the 1880s, when the Dutch established more direct control over the Island, to 1942 when the Japanese invaded the Indies, except for a brief period 1928-31 when it was divided into two smaller residencies.
Sumatra's East Coast Residency was an administrative subdivision of the Dutch East Indies with its capital in Medan. It was located in northern Sumatra.