Buton

Buton
	Buton
Geography
Location	Southeast Asia
Coordinates	5°3′S122°53′E / 5.050°S 122.883°E
Area	4,727.07 km2 (1,825.13 sq mi)
Highest elevation	1,100 m (3600 ft)
Highest point	Unnamed
Administration
	Indonesia
Province	Southeast Sulawesi
Largest settlement	Baubau (pop. 159,248)
Demographics
Population	414,899 (2020 Census)
Pop. density	87.8/km2 (227.4/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Butonese people
Additional information
Time zone	WITA (UTC+8);

Last updated May 27, 2023

Buton (also Butung, Boeton or Button) is an island in Indonesia located off the southeast peninsula of Sulawesi. It covers roughly 4,727 square kilometers in area, or about the size of Madura; it is the 129th largest island in the world and Indonesia's 19th largest in area.

History

In the precolonial era, the island, then usually known as Butung, was within the sphere of influence of Ternate. Especially in the sixteenth century, Buton served as an important secondary regional center within the Ternaten empire, controlling regional trade and collecting tribute to be sent to Ternate.

The Sultanate of Buton ruled over the island from the 14th until the 20th century.^[1]

Sultan Murhum, the first Islamic monarch on the island, is remembered in the name of the island's major harbor, Murhum Harbor, in Baubau.

Geography

Its largest town is Baubau, where the Wolio and Cia-Cia languages are spoken. Major nearby islands include Wawonii (to the north), Muna and Kabaena (to the west) and Siumpu (to the southwest). The Tukangbesi Islands lie just to the east where Tukang Besi is spoken, and is separated by the Gulf of Kolowana Watabo (Teluk Kolowana Watabo).

Batuatas Island is to the south. Also the Bouton Passage (as it was known in the pre-Independence era) was an important inter-island navigational location of the northern Flores Sea.^[2]

Ecology

The island is largely covered by rainforest and is known for its wildlife. It is one of only two habitats of the anoa, a type of buffalo.

People

The languages spoken on Buton include Wolio, Cia-Cia, various dialects of Muna, Tukang Besi, Kumbewaha, Lasalimu, Kamaru, Pancana, Busoa, Taloki, Kulisusu and Kioko.^[3]^[4] The Indonesian language, the national language of Indonesia, is also widely used and taught in schools.

In 2009, the Cia-Cia tribe in Baubau city began to use the Korean Hangul alphabet for their language, based on textbooks created by the Hunminjeongeum Society, a linguistic society in Seoul.^[5], but in 2012 it was reported that adoption ultimately failed and has been abandoned.^[6]

Economy

The island has a massive reserve of natural asphalt and several other minerals. Asphalt from Buton can be utilized as bitumen modifiers ^[7] as well as a substitute for petroleum asphalt. As a result, natural asphalt can be used to reduce dependency on conventional fossil based resources.

Administration

Buton Island is administratively divided into five second level administrative divisions (Daerah Tingkat II): Baubau City, Buton Regency, (part of) South Buton Regency (which includes several smaller islands to the west and south of Buton), North Buton Regency and (part of) Muna Regency.

Kabupaten	Area in km²	Pop'n Census 2010 ^[8]	Pop'n Census 2020 ^[9]	comprising
North Buton Regency	1,923.03	54,736	66,653	all districts
Muna Regency (part)	400.78	19,488	22,534	Pasih Putih, Pasi Kolaga, Wakorumba Selatan, Batukara and Maligano districts
Buton Regency	1,648.04	94,388	115,207	all districts
Baubau city	295.07	136,991	159,248	all districts
South Buton Regency (part)	460.15	41,886	51,257	Sampolawa, Lapandewa and Batauga districts
Totals	4,727.07	347,489	414,899

However, the eponymous archipelago is administered under an additional four regencies: the rest of Muna Regency and South Buton Regency, together with West Muna Regency, Wakatobi Regency, Central Buton Regency (which does not include any portion of Buton Island), and (part of) Bombana Regency.

Notes

↑ Purwanto, Muhammad Roy (October 2017). "SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESULTANAN BUTON DI SULAWESI TENGGARA". Kecamatan Galang Dalam Angka. ISSN 0852-7504.
↑ Goodall, George (Editor)(1943) Philips' International Atlas London, George Philip and Son map 'East Indies' pp.91-92
↑ van den Berg, Rene (1991). "Preliminary Notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)". Excursies in Celebes. p. 305. ISBN 90-6718-032-7.
↑ "Ethnologue" . Retrieved 2009-10-11.
↑ "Cia-Cia adopts Hangul to preserve spoken language". 7 August 2009.
↑ "Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag", The chosunibo
↑ "Buton Asphalt Indonesia".
↑ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baubau</span> City in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

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Cia-Cia, also known as Buton or Butonese, is an Austronesian language spoken principally around the city of Baubau on the southern tip of Buton island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi, in Indonesia.

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Buton Regency is a regency of Indonesia's Southeast Sulawesi Province, lying entirely on Buton Island. Until 2014 it had an area of 2,681.22 km², and a population estimated at 276,944. However, in 2014 it was divided into three regencies, with two new regencies being cut out of it; the residual area now is 1,648.04 km², and the districts in that area contained a population of 94,388 at the 2010 Census while the 2020 Census produced a total of 115,207; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 117,040.

Muna Regency is a regency of Southeast Sulawesi Province of Indonesia, covering parts of the island of Muna as well as part of the neighbouring Buton Island and smaller islands off its coast. Until 2014 it had an area of 2,945.05 km², but in that year the western eleven districts of that Regency were split off to form a new West Muna Regency. The reduced regency now covers an area of 2,057.69 km², and the districts comprising that area had a population of 196,645 at the 2010 Census; the total at the 2020 Census was 215,527, and the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 218,956, comprising 107,439 males and 111,517 females. The principal town lies at Raha, in Katobu District.

North Buton Regency is a regency of Indonesia's Southeast Sulawesi Province, which was separated from Buton Regency in accordance with Indonesia's Law Number 14 of 2007. The area of the regency, which covers the north part of Buton Island, is 1,923.03 km². Its population was 54,736 at the 2010 Census and 66,653 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 67,714. The principal town lies at Buranga.

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The Butonese people is a collective term that embraces a number of ethnic groups of Buton and neighbouring islands in Southeast Sulawesi. Like many other ethnic groups in Sulawesi, the Butonese are seafarers and traders. Butonese have long since migrated to many parts of the Malay archipelago using smaller vessels ranging from those that can only accommodate five people to large boats that can hold up to about 150 tons of goods. In general, the Butonese are a community that inhabits the region of the historical Buton Sultanate. When the swapraja domain was abolished, so did the Buton Sultanate which ended in 1951. The area of the former Sultanate is now distributed over several regencies and cities of Southeast Sulawesi. Among them are Baubau, Buton Regency, South Buton Regency, Central Buton Regency, North Buton Regency, Wakatobi Regency and Bombana Regency.

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Central Buton Regency is a new regency of Southeast Sulawesi established by separation from Buton Regency under Act No.15 of 2014, dated 23 July 2014. It covers an area of 837.08 km² comprising the southern parts of Muna Island and Kabaena Island, together with several small offshore islands adjacent to the two main islands, with no territory located on Buton Island. It had a population of 86,112 at the 2010 Census and 114,773 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 116,599. The administrative centre lies at Labungkari.

South Buton Regency is a regency located in Southeast Sulawesi. This regency was formed from the southern part of Buton Regency, from which it was separated by Act No.16 of 2014, dated 23 July 2014. It covers an area of 546.58 km², and the population of the districts now comprising the new regency was 74,974 at the 2010 Census and 95,261 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 95,472. The regency capital is located in Batauga.

The Sultanate of Buton was an indigenous sultanate in what is today Indonesia. It used to rule over Buton island and adjacent areas within present-day Southeast Sulawesi province. It was a constitutional monarchy with its own written constitution and law, complete with bodies acting as a legislature, a system of judiciary, and executive power.

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[:0-1] Purwanto, Muhammad Roy (October 2017). "SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESULTANAN BUTON DI SULAWESI TENGGARA". Kecamatan Galang Dalam Angka. ISSN 0852-7504.

[2] Goodall, George (Editor)(1943) Philips' International Atlas London, George Philip and Son map 'East Indies' pp.91-92

[3] van den Berg, Rene (1991). "Preliminary Notes on the Cia-Cia language (South Buton)". Excursies in Celebes. p. 305. ISBN 90-6718-032-7.

[4] "Ethnologue" . Retrieved 2009-10-11.

[5] "Cia-Cia adopts Hangul to preserve spoken language". 7 August 2009.

[6] "Adoption of Hangeul by Indonesian Tribe Hits Snag", The chosunibo

[7] "Buton Asphalt Indonesia".

[8] Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.

[9] Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.

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