Mangkunegaran

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Principality of Mangkunegaran
  • Kadipaten Mangkunegaran
  • ꦏꦢꦶꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦩꦁꦏꦸꦤꦒꦫꦤ꧀
1757–present
Flag of Mangkunegaran.svg
Flag
Mataram 1830-en.png
The realm of the Principality of Mangkunegaran (pink) in 1830
CapitalMangkunegaran
Common languages Javanese
Religion
Islam
Government Absolute monarchy (until 1945)
Devolved
Constitutional monarchy within the unitary presidential republic (from 1945)
Duke  
• 1757–1795
Mangkunegara I a
• 1795–1835
Mangkunegara II a
• 1916–1944
Mangkunegara VII b
• 1987–2021
Mangkunegara IX
• 2022–present
Mangkunegara X
History 
• Treaty of Salatiga
1757
• Integration with Indonesia
present
Website
mangkunegaran.id
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png Surakarta Sunanate
Special Region of Surakarta Blank.png
Today part ofIndonesia
a. Prince Mangkunegara I
b. Prince Mangkunegara IX; Mangkunegaran integration with Indonesia.
Pura Mangkunegaran Pura Mangkunagaran01(2 Maret 2007).jpg
Pura Mangkunegaran
Mangkunegaran coat of arms flanked by European-style cherubins and dvarapala face below Pura Mangkunagaran08(2 Maret 2007-Mangkunegaran coat of arms flanked by European style cherubins (another angle)).jpg
Mangkunegaran coat of arms flanked by European-style cherubins and dvarapala face below

The Principalityof Mangkunegaran (Indonesian : Kadipaten Mangkunegaran) was a small Javanese princely state located within the region of Surakarta in Indonesia. It was established in 1757 by Raden Mas Said, when he submitted his army to Pakubuwono III in February, and swore allegiance to the rulers of Surakarta, Yogyakarta, and the Dutch East Indies Company, and was given an appanage of 4000 households. [1]

Contents

The Palace of the rulers of Mangkunegaran was established by Raden Mas Said who signed a treaty with the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1757. By the treaty, he became the ruler of a part of Eastern Mataram and was henceforth known as Mangkunegara I. Known as Pura Mangkunegaran, the palace is located in the center of the city of Solo. [2]

Formation

Mangkunegaran is formed based on the Treaty of Salatiga (or Kalicacing Treaty) that was signed on 17 March 1757 in Salatiga to appease the rebellion conducted by Raden Mas Said (Prince Sambernyawa) against the Dutch East India Company and Pakubuwono III, the Sunan of Surakarta Sunanate after the breakup of the Mataram Sultanate through the Treaty of Giyanti signed two years prior. [3]

Based on the Treaty of Salatiga, Raden Mas Said was given the title of Pangeran Miji [4] and gained the right to control the lungguh region to the north, east, and southeast of the capital of the Surakarta Sunanate. The area of this region is relatively 49% of the Nagara Agung (the core area around the capital) of the Surakarta Sunanate after 1830, namely at the end of the Diponegoro War. Its territory now includes the northern part of Surakarta (the entire Banjarsari District and parts of the northern side of Jebres and Laweyan Districts, Surakarta), the entirety of Karanganyar Regency, Wonogiri Regency, and parts of the Ngawen and Semin Districts in Gunung Kidul Regency. [5] [6] [7]

Politics

By tradition, the rulers of Mangkunegaran was called Mangkunegara. Raden Mas Said became the 1st Duke of Mangkunegaran. They ruled from their official seat of Pura Mangkunegaran in Surakarta. The ruler of the Mangkunegaran Palace, based on the agreement that established it, is entitled to the title of Pangeran Adipati (formally Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Arya Mangkunegara Senapati ing Ayudha Sudibyaningprang), but not the title of Susuhunan or Sultan. The Mangkunegaran Palace is a Duchy, thus its position is lower than that of the Surakarta Sunanate and the Yogyakarta Sultanate. [4] This distinct status is reflected in several traditions that still exist today, such as the number of bedhaya dancers, which is seven, rather than nine, as in the Surakarta Sunanate. However, unlike the Duchy of Surakarta in earlier periods, Mangkunegaran enjoyed extensive autonomy, having the right to maintain its own independent army (known as the Mangkunegaran Legion) without intervention from the Sunanate. [6]

After the independence of Indonesia, the ruling duke Mangkunegara VIII together with Sunan Pakubuwono XII pledged to have their realms be part of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia on 19 August 1945, further legalized by a royal decree on 1 September 1945. Initially, the Mangkunegaran and the Sunanate of Surakarta became the Special Region of Surakarta. However due to political instability, the special region status was revoked by the central government. The Mangkunegaran Palace continues to function as a ceremonial monarchy, guarding Javanese culture, particularly the Javanese gagrag (style) culture of Surakarta sub-Mangkunegaran. After Mangkunegara VIII died and his first son, G.P.H. Raditya Prabukusuma, had already died before him, the next heir to the throne was his second son, G.P.H. Sujiwakusuma, who later took the title Mangkunegara IX. [8]

The rulers of the Mangkunegaran Kingdom are not buried in the Imogiri Palace, but rather in the Mangadeg Palace and Girilayu Palace, located on the slopes of Mount Lawu in Karanganyar Regency. The exception is the tomb of Mangkunegara VI, who is buried in the North Palace in Surakarta.

The official colors of the Mangkunegaran flag are golden yellow and green, nicknamed Pareanom (young pare), which can be seen on the emblem, flag, pataka, and samir worn by the courtiers and relatives of the Mangkunegaran Palace.

List of The Ruler of Mangkunegaran

The Duke of Mangkunegaran holds a title Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Adipati Aryo (His Royal Highness Duke)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ricklefs, M.C. (1994). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300 (Second ed.). Stanford, CT: Stanford University Press. p. 97. ISBN   978-0804721950.
  2. ↑ BOL - Mangkunegara I
  3. ↑ Hastuti, Dhian Lestari; Santosa, Imam; Syarief, Achmad (November 2020). "Indis Style Sebagai Representasi Kadipaten Mangkunegaran di Surakarta". Gestalt. 2 (2). Jawa Timur: Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran": 148. doi:10.33005/gestalt.v2i2.66. ISSN   2657-1641.
  4. 1 2 Wasino (2014). Modernisasi di Jantung Budaya Jawa: Mangkunegaran 1896-1944. Jakarta: Kompas Media Nusantara.
  5. ↑ Wasino (2008). Kapitalisme Bumi Putra: Perubahan Masyarakat Mangkunegaran. Yogyakarta: PT LKiS Pelangi Aksara. pp. 12–15. ISBN   9789791283113.
  6. 1 2 Adiwardoyo, Sutrisno (1974). Pertumbuhan Kadipaten Mangkunegaran Sampai Masuknya ke Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Surakarta: Institut Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan.
  7. ↑ Wasino (1994). Kebijaksanaan Pembaharuan Pemerintahan Praja Mangkunegaran: Akhir Abad XIX-Pertengahan Abad XX. Universitas Gajah Mada. pp. 50–60.
  8. ↑ Adiwardoyo, Sutrisno (1974). Pertumbuhan Kadipaten Mangkunegaran Sampai Masuknya ke Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Surakarta: Institut Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan.

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