List of monarchs of Java

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This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, and the adjacent island Madura.

Contents

Included are some states and rulers whose existence remain open to conjecture, due to inadequate historical evidence, while others are historically verifiable. Some rulers are also considered to be mythical in that although evidence is available to claim their places in various royal family trees, there are no independent items of corroborating evidence to clarify their existence.

Some of these have continued as titular entities after the achievement of Indonesian independence in 1945.

Ruler of Jawadwipa [1]

Rulers of Tarumanagara [2]

Rulers of Sunda [3]

Rulers of ancient Java [4]

Shailendra dynasty [6]

Rulers in ancient East Java [7]

Rulers of Janggala [8]

Rulers of Kediri [9]

Rulers of Singhasari [10]

Rulers of Majapahit [11]

Rulers of Blambangan [12]

Rulers of Demak [13]

Rulers of Pajang [14]

Rulers of Giri (in Gresik) [15]

Rulers of Surabaya [16]

Rulers of Pasuruan [17]

Rulers of Tuban [18]

Rulers of Cirebon

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kasepuhan [19]

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kanoman [20]

Rulers of Cirebon, Panembahan line [21]

Rulers of Cirebon, Kraton Kacirebonan [22]

Rulers of Banten [23]

Rulers of Mataram [24]

Rulers of Surakarta

Rulers of Yogyakarta

Rulers of Mangkunegaran [25]

Rulers of Pakualaman [26]

Rulers of Kalibawang [27]

Ruler of Nangulan [28]

Rulers of Bangkalan [29]

Rulers of Sumenep [30]

Rulers of Pamekasan [31]

See also

Bibliography

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amangkurat II of Mataram</span> Susuhunan of Mataram (1677–1703)

Amangkurat II was the susuhunan of the Sultanate of Mataram from 1677 to 1703. Before taking the throne, he was the crown prince and had the title Pangeran Adipati Anom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Treaty of Giyanti</span> 1755 agreement to divide the Javanese sultanate of Mataram

The Treaty of Giyanti was signed and ratified on February 13, 1755, between Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and Sunan Pakubuwono III along with his allies. The accord officially divided the Sultanate of Mataram between Mangkubumi and Pakubuwono. The name "Giyanti" was taken from the location of the signing of the agreement, namely in Giyanti Village which is now located in Hamlet Kerten, Jantiharjo Village, southeast of Karanganyar, Central Java.

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The Duchy of Pakualaman also written Paku Alaman; Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta. It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. It became the mirror image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Surakarta Sunanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamengkubuwono IV</span> Sultan of Yogyakarta, Java

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sultanate of Cirebon</span> Muslim state in West Java, 1447–1679

The Sultanate of Cirebon was an Islamic sultanate in West Java founded in the 15th century. It is said to have been founded by Sunan Gunungjati, as marked by his letter proclaiming Cirebon's independence from Pajajaran in 1482, although the settlement and the polity had been established earlier, in 1445. Sunan Gunungjati also established the Sultanate of Banten. It was one of the earliest Islamic states established in Java, along with the Sultanate of Demak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hamengkubuwono II</span> Sultan of Yogyakarta, Java

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangkunegara II</span> Ruler of Mangkunegaran, Java, 1796–1835

Mangkunegara II, also known as Prince Adipati Prangwedana I, Prince Surya Mataram, Prince Surya Mangkubumi, was the second ruler of Mangkunegaran in Java in the eighteenth century who succeeded to the throne of his grandfather, Mangkunegara I. His reign lasted from 1796 to 1835. Mangkunegara II was the son of Crown Prince Arya Prabumijaya I, who was the son of Mangkunegara I. Upon his death in 1835, he was the last male descendant Prince Sambernyawa to be named the Duke of Mangkunegaran.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Surakarta Sunanate</span> Javanese monarchy

Surakarta Sunanate is a Javanese monarchy centred in the city of Surakarta, in the province of Central Java, Indonesia.

Pakubuwono I, uncle of Amangkurat III of Mataram was a combatant for the succession of the Mataram dynasty, both as a co-belligerent during the Trunajaya rebellion, and the First Javanese War of Succession (1704–1707).

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trunajaya rebellion</span> 1674–80 failed revolt in Java

The Trunajaya Rebellion or Trunajaya War was the ultimately unsuccessful rebellion waged by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and fighters from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate and its Dutch East India Company (VOC) supporters in Java during the 1670s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fall of Plered</span>

The Fall of Plered was the capture of the capital of the Mataram Sultanate by the rebel forces loyal to Trunajaya in late June 1677. The attack on Plered followed a series of rebel victory, notably in the Battle of Gegodog and the fall of most of Mataram's northern coast. The aged and sick King Amangkurat I and his sons offered an ineffective defense, and the rebel overran the capital on or around 28 June. The capital was plundered and its wealth taken to the rebel capital in Kediri. The loss of the capital led to the collapse of the Mataram government and the flight of the royal family. The king fled with his son the crown prince and a small retinue to Tegal and died there, passing the kingship to the crown prince, now titled Amangkurat II, without any army or treasury.

The Battle of Gegodog took place on 13 October 1676 during the Trunajaya rebellion, and resulted in the victory of the rebel forces over the Mataram army led by the Crown Prince Pangeran Adipati Anom. Gegodog is located in the northeastern coast of Java, east of Tuban.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kraton Kacirebonan</span>

The Kraton Kacirebonan is the oldest Kraton in the Indonesian city of Cirebon. It has existed since 1807. This colonial building has housed many historical relics such as Keris, Wayang puppets, war equipment, Gamelan instruments, and others. Kacirebonan is in the area of the District Pulasaren Pekalipan village, exactly 1 kilometer southwest of Kasepuhan Palace and approximately 500 meters south of Keraton Kanoman. Kraton Kacirebonan is positioned from north to south with a land area of about 46,500 square meters.

References

  1. Krom (1931), p. 61-2.
  2. Krom (1931), p. 77-83.
  3. Krom (1931), p. 470, 472; Atja & Saleh (1981).
  4. Jordaan (1993); Coedès (1968); Krom (1931).
  5. Coedés (1968), p. 89
  6. De Casparis (1950), p. 133.
  7. Krom (1931), p. 470.
  8. Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 257-65.
  9. Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 265-80; Coedès (1968); Krom (1931), p. 272-301.
  10. Krom (1931), p. 471; De Graaf (1949), p. 480.
  11. De Graaf (1949), p. 480; Noorduyn (1978); Krom (1931), p. 471.
  12. Arifin (1995); De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 192-8.
  13. De Graaf (1949), p. 481; De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 34-85.
  14. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 206-19.
  15. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 137-55; Truhart (2003), p. 1237.
  16. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 156-68; Truhart (2003), p. 1235.
  17. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 179-84.
  18. De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), p. 130-6; Truhart (2003), p. 1236.
  19. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  20. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  21. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  22. Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
  23. Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888); Truhart (2003), p. 1228-9.
  24. Truhart (2003), p. 1230-1; Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888).
  25. De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), p. 1233-4.
  26. De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Selayang pandang (1990); Truhart (2003), p. 1234.
  27. Stokvis (1888).
  28. Stokvis (1888).
  29. Sutherland (1973-1974).
  30. Nagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
  31. Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973-1974).