Pakubuwono IX

Pakubuwono IX (also transliterated Pakubuwana IX) was the eighth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). He was born in 1830, the second son of Pakubuwano VI, and reigned from 1861 until his death in 1893.^{[ citation needed ]}

Pakubuwono IX
Pakubuwono IX circa 1873
Susuhunan of Surakarta
Reign	1861–1893
Coronation	27 January 1862
Predecessor	Pakubuwana VIII
Successor	Pakubuwana X
Born	Gusti Raden Mas Duksina (1830-12-22)22 December 1830 Surakarta, Surakarta Sunanate
Died	17 March 1893(1893-03-17) (aged 62) Surakarta, Surakarta Sunanate
Burial	Kapingsangan Tomb, Imogiri Royal Cemetery, Imogiri, Yogyakarta Sultanate
Spouse	Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwana (m. 1865)
Regnal name Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Susuhunan Pakubuwana Senapati ing Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah Ingkang Jumeneng Kaping IX
House	Mataram
Father	Pakubuwana VI
Mother	Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas

He is attributed as author of Serat woro isworo a book about genealogy and morals. ^[1]

Reign

Born as Gusti Raden Mas Duksina on 22 December 1830, he was the son of Pakubuwana VI. At the time of his birth, his father had already been exiled to Ambon by the Dutch for his clandestine support of Prince Diponegoro's rebellion. Upon reaching adulthood, Duksina was granted the title KGPH. Prabuwijaya.

Pakubuwana IX ascended the throne on December 30, 1861, succeeding Pakubuwana VIII (his father's uncle). His reign was extensively chronicled by the court poet Ranggawarsita in various literary works, most notably the Serat Kalatida .

The relationship between Pakubuwana IX and Ranggawarsita was historically strained due to Dutch misinformation. Colonial officials claimed that Mas Pajangswara (Ranggawarsita's father and court scribe) had betrayed Pakubuwana VI by revealing his alliance with Prince Diponegoro, leading to the Sultan's exile. Consequently, Pakubuwana IX harbored resentment toward Pajangswara’s family, unaware that the scribe had actually died under brutal Dutch torture without confessing.

Ranggawarsita sought to reconcile with the monarch by dedicating his work, Serat Cemporet, to him. During the twilight of his career, the poet expressed his social anxieties through the famous Serat Kalatida. In this text, he praised Pakubuwana IX as a wise ruler but lamented that he was surrounded by self-serving, sycophantic officials—a period Ranggawarsita famously termed Zaman Edan (the "Age of Madness").

Pakubuwana IX had two primary consorts, GKR. Pakubuwana and GKR. Maduretna, and fathered 57 children. Under his leadership, the Surakarta Sunanate underwent significant physical development. He initiated extensive renovations of the Surakarta Palace, including the Siti Hinggil and the Panggung Sangga Buwana tower, earning him the epithet Sinuhun Bangun Kedhaton ("The Monarch who Built the Palace"). A patron of the arts, he also authored several literary works, such as Serat Wulang Putri, Serat Jayeng Sastra, Serat Menak Cina, and Serat Wirayatna.

The reign of Pakubuwana IX lasted 32 years, ending with his death on March 16, 1893. He was succeeded by his son, who reigned as Pakubuwana X.

Notes

1. Serat woro isworo, Boedi Oetomo, 1926, retrieved 13 May 2018

References

• Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004), Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore ISBN   981-261-226-2

Preceded by Pakubuwono VIII

Susuhunan of Surakarta 1861–1893

Succeeded by Pakubuwono X