Honduran general election, 1963

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Direct popular general elections (Spanish : Elecciones generales de Honduras de 1963) were scheduled in Honduras for 13 October 1963.

Spanish language Romance language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in the Americas and Spain. It is a global language and the world's second-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese.

Honduras republic in Central America

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras, is a country in Central America. In the past, it was sometimes referred to as "Spanish Honduras" to differentiate it from British Honduras, which later became modern-day Belize. The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala, to the southwest by El Salvador, to the southeast by Nicaragua, to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras, a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea.

The Liberal Party of Honduras selected Modesto Rodas Alvarado, even though the president Ramón Villeda Morales favoured another candidate. Villeda and most of the party maintained unity. [1]

Liberal Party of Honduras political party

The Liberal Party of Honduras is a centre-right liberal political party in Honduras that was founded in 1891. The party is a member of the Liberal International. The PLH is identified with the color red and white, as the flag Francisco Morazan used in most of his military campaigns during time of the Central American Federal Republic.

Modesto Rodas Alvarado was a prominent Honduran lawyer and politician who served as President of the National Congress of Honduras between 1957 and 1963.

Ramón Villeda Morales President of Honduras

José Ramón Adolfo Villeda Morales served as President of Honduras from 1957 to 1963.

The National Party of Honduras nomination of Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés “... marked the requiem once and for all of the forty-year domination of Tiburcio Carías Andino over the National party. Because Cruz defeated Carías’ son, Gonzalo Carías Castillo, by just three votes in the convention”. [2] Immediately after the May convention, Carías resigned as the party’s jefe supreme and with his son formed the Popular Progressive Party of Honduras. [3]

National Party of Honduras political party

The National Party of Honduras is a political party in Honduras founded on February 27, 1902, by Manuel Bonilla Chirinos. Historically it has been one of the two most influential parties in the country. The party's platform is based on Christian humanist doctrine, and its five main principles are common wealth, dignity of the human person, equality, solidarity and subsidiarity.

Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés President of Honduras

Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés was the President of Honduras from 7 June 1971 to 4 December 1972.

Tiburcio Carías Andino President of Honduras

Tiburcio Carías Andino was a Honduran military man with a reputation as a strongman. He founded the National Party of Honduras in 1918, and was President of Honduras twice; briefly in 1924 and from 1933 to 1949.

“The 1963 election campaign favored Modesto Rodas Alvarado, the charismatic and fiery former president of the Constitutional Assembly, who promised to large campaign crowds that he would reduce the power of the military. There was a ground swell of support from various sectors of Honduran society to follow the Costa Rican model and proscribe the military”. [4]

“Ten days before the 1963 presidential elections, the military, fearful of Villeda Morales’s establishment of a Civil Guard independent of the military and encouraged by the fruit companies and domestic landlords, successfully overthrew the Villeda Morales government and canceled the elections, which probably would have been won by a Liberal colleague of the president’s. Although the Kennedy administration refused to grant U.S. diplomatic recognition to the new regime, the Johnson administration did so a year later”. [5]

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Honduras was already occupied by many indigenous peoples when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century. The western-central part of Honduras was inhabited by the Lencas, the central north coast by the Tol, the area east and west of Trujillo by the Pech, the Maya and Sumo. These autonomous groups maintained commercial relationships with each other and with other populations as distant as Panama and Mexico.

Liberalism in Honduras is a form of Latin American liberalism. It was influenced by French revolutionaries from 1789 to 1799, when the door was open for ideas of positivism. During this time the populace were exposed to liberal ideas such as: liberty, equality, and popular sovereignty, causing enthusiasm for them to be increased.

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Authoritarian General Tiburcio Carias Andino controlled Honduras during the Great Depression, until 1948. In 1955—after two authoritarian administrations and a general strike initiated by banana workers—young military reformists staged a coup that installed a provisional junta and paved the way for constituent assembly elections in 1957. This assembly appointed Ramón Villeda Morales as President and transformed itself into a national legislature with a 6-year term.

A presidential election was held in Honduras on 16 November 1957.

Although Ramón Villeda Morales had expressed a preference for presidential elections, the November meetings of the Constituent Assembly felt otherwise, and Villeda was not reluctant to accept their mandate as chief executive. On 16, after nine hours of rancorous discussion, he was named to begin a six-year term on 1 January 1958. The final vote was thirty-seven to twenty.

To offset accusations by the opposition that Villeda’s election to the presidency by a simple majority of the assembly was totally ‘undemocratic,’ the Liberal party agreed to a form of coalition government whereby cabinet portfolios were distributed on a 6:2:1 ratio among the Liberal, National, and MNR parties. Even so, after Villeda’s election on 16 November 1957, the National and MNR parties staged protest demonstrations in the streets of Tegucigalpa, and it was not until late that night, when the military junta confirmed the election, that the possibility of armed conflict disappeared.

A legislative election was held in Honduras on 7 October 1956. The people elected 58 deputies to the Constituent Assembly.

A general election was held in Honduras on 10 October 1954. The elections took place, with relative honesty.

A general election was held in Honduras on 28 October 1932. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic and a new Congress.

1923 Honduran general election

General elections were held in Honduras between 27 and 29 October 1923. Tiburcio Carías Andino won the presidential election with 47.1% of the vote. However, as no candidate had received an absolute majority in the public vote, Congress would vote on the candidates. However, Congress did not meet again until 1 January the following year. In December President Rafael López Gutiérrez declared a state of siege, suspended the constitution, and announced that he would remain in office in order to keep the peace. Although Congress was dominated by the two liberal parties, they did not want Carías, but also could not agree on a common candidate.

The Military Junta of 1956–1957 was a military triumvirate composed by General Roque Rodríguez, Roberto Gálvez Barnes Government and Héctor Caracciolli.

The 1963 Honduran coup d'état was a military takeover of the Honduran government on 3 October 1963, ten days before a scheduled election. Oswaldo López Arellano replaced Ramón Villeda Morales as the President of the country and initiated two decades of military rule.

Mauricio Villeda Honduran politician

Mauricio Villeda Bermúdez is a Honduran attorney, leader of the Liberal Party of Honduras, and son of the late former president Ramón Villeda Morales. He ran unsuccessfully as a presidential candidate in the 2013 presidential elections.

History of Honduras (1900–1954) 1900-1954

During the first half of the 20th century the economy of Honduras was dominated by American companies such as the United Fruit Company, the Standard Fruit Company and the Cuyamel Fruit Company, which established enormous banana plantations along the north coast. These companies quickly made bananas the primary export of the country in return for large land grants from conservative politicians. Foreign capital, life in the banana plantations, and conservatives determined the politics of Honduras from the mid-20th century to 1988.

Ana García Carías

Ana Rosalinda García Carías is a Honduran lawyer and current First Lady of the nation.

References

  1. ↑ Bowman, Kirk. “The public battles over militarisation and democracy in Honduras, 1954-1963.” Journal of Latin American studies 33, 3:539-560 (August 2001).
  2. ↑ MacCameron, Robert. Bananas, labor and politics in Honduras: 1954-1963. Syracuse: Syracuse University. 1983. Pp. 116.
  3. ↑ Euraque, Darío A. Reinterpreting the banana republic: region and state in Honduras, 1870-1972. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 1996. Pp. 116.
  4. ↑ Bowman, Kirk S. 1999. “Taming the tiger in Honduras.” LASA forum 30, 1:9-12 (spring 1999). Pp. 10.
  5. ↑ Weaver, Frederick Stirton. Inside the volcano: the history and political economy of Central America. Boulder: Westview Press. 1994. Pp. 208.
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