Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms

Last updated

His Majesty's Body Guard of the
Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms
Badge of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms.svg
Badge of the Gentlemen-at-Arms
Active1509-
Country England
TypeDismounted bodyguard
RoleRoyal Body Guard
SizeOne Troop
Part of Sovereign's Body Guard
Garrison/HQLondon
MarchThe Nearest Guard
Engagements Guinegate, Boulogne
Commanders
Colonel in Chief HM The King
Captain The Baroness Williams of Trafford
Chief Whip in the House of Lords
Insignia
Collar badgePortcullis
PlumeWhite

His Majesty's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms is a bodyguard to the British Monarch. Until 17 March 1834, they were known as The Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners.

Contents

Formation

The corps was formed as the Troop of Gentlemen in 1509 by King Henry VIII to act as a mounted escort, armed with spear and lance to protect the sovereign, in battle or elsewhere. Henry decided to have "this new and sumptuous Troop of Gentlemen composed of cadets of noble families and the highest order of gentry as his personal Body Guard or 'Nearest Guard'", cadets being the younger sons of nobles.

As his Body Guard, it accompanied Henry to France in 1513 and took part in the Battle of Guinegate (better known as the Battle of the Spurs) and then at the Field of Cloth of Gold in 1520. In 1526, they became a dismounted bodyguard armed with battleaxes. They last saw service in battle during the English Civil War, during which a Gentleman Matthews saved the Prince of Wales at the Battle of Edgehill (1642) from one of the Earl of Essex's troopers. They were always intended as a primarily ceremonial unit, but were on regular duty until the 19th century.

Under Henry VIII, the Troop of Gentlemen varied in size, according to funding available. As the "Nearest Guard" to the Monarch, the unit attracted an aristocratic and aspiring membership, which could be utilised as a cadre of young officers when levies were raised for overseas service. [1]

Duties

Gentlemen at Arms marching alongside the coffin of Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, as part of the procession following her funeral. Queen Elizabeth II Funeral 19 09 2022-84 (52369804939).jpg
Gentlemen at Arms marching alongside the coffin of Her late Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, as part of the procession following her funeral.

Today, the duties are purely ceremonial: the Gentlemen accompany and attend the sovereign at various events and occasions, including state visits by heads of state, the opening of parliament, and ceremonies involving the various orders of chivalry, including the Order of the Garter. The Gentlemen now parade for the opening of parliament, state visits, royal garden parties, the Garter service, receptions of the diplomatic corps, royal weddings, coronations, the Investiture of the Prince of Wales, lyings in state and State Funerals. They also have three mess dinners annually.

Officers and administration

The Corps today consists of five Officers (the Captain, the Lieutenant, the Standard Bearer, the Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant and the Harbinger) and 27 Gentlemen. The senior Officer is the Captain, a political appointee who is now always the Government Chief Whip in the House of Lords. The senior permanent officer is the Lieutenant. The Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant issues all orders to the Corps. The Harbinger runs the Mess and assists the Clerk. The Mess, at St. James's Palace, is run by a permanent Axekeeper and Butler also assisted by the house keeper. All Officers (except the Captain) must have served in the Corps prior to promotion to officer rank. In the 17th century, there was also the office of Paymaster of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms and Co-Paymaster of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms.

Membership and age limits

All subordinate officers, and all Gentlemen, must be under the age of 55 years on joining, and are on average 52. The Gentlemen retain their prior military ranks (currently most rank between major and colonel). They must retire at 70 years.

Although all Gentlemen are retired officers, uniquely one recent member is also a clergyman. Colonel the Reverend Richard ("Dick") H. Whittington, MBE joined the Corps in 1999 after retiring from the Corps of Royal Engineers. He was ordained a deacon in 1993 and a priest in 1994. He was Chaplain of the Royal Hospital Chelsea from 2001 to 2013. [2]

Another notable Gentleman was Major Walter Clopton Wingfield, one of the pioneers of lawn tennis, who served from 1870 to 1909.

Uniform

The uniform of the Gentlemen at Arms, depicted on a cigarette card produced for the Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937. Player's cigarettes 31 Gentlemen-at-arms.jpg
The uniform of the Gentlemen at Arms, depicted on a cigarette card produced for the Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in 1937.

The uniform is that of a Dragoon Guards officer of the 1840s. It has a skirted red coatee with Garter blue velvet cuffs and facings embroidered with the Tudor royal badge of the portcullis. Helmets with white swan feather plumes are worn when on duty, even in church. Officers wear, in addition, gold aiguillettes, and carry sticks of office gold for the Captain, silver for the Lieutenant, Standard Bearer and Clerk of the Cheque, and ivory for the Harbingerwhich they receive from the Sovereign on appointment. Cavalry swords are worn, and long ceremonial battle-axes, over 300 years old, are carried by all the Gentlemen.

The uniforms are produced by the royal warrant holder Gieves & Hawkes from Savile Row in London, with the helmets handcrafted and maintained by the royal warrant holder Thomas Lyte at their goldsmithing and silversmithing workshops, also in London.

Standard

The corps carries a standard, similar to that carried by cavalry and infantry regiments of the British Army, upon which is mounted the corps' various accoutrements and a selection of its battle honours. In the case of the Gentlemen at Arms, this is a swallowtailed standard of crimson edged in gold. The cross of St George is at the hoist. Next to this is the Royal Cipher of the reigning monarch, with the name of the corps ("Gentlemen at Arms") put diagonally from top to bottom. Between the two pieces of text is the corps' portcullis badge, while at the end of the standard are a selection of battle honours. [3] In 2009, at a celebration of the Corps' 500 years of personal service to the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II presented a special riband to be displayed on the Standard. [4]

Battle honours

Honours in bold are displayed on the corps' standard.

Captains of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Colour guard</span> Type of military unit

In military organizations, a colour guard is a detachment of soldiers assigned to the protection of regimental colours and the national flag. This duty is highly prestigious, and the military colour is generally carried by a young officer (ensign), while experienced non-commissioned officers are assigned to the protection of the national flag. These non-commissioned officers, accompanied in several countries by warrant officers, can be ceremonially armed with either sabres or rifles to protect the colour. Colour guards are generally dismounted, but there are also mounted colour guard formations as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Garter</span> Order of chivalry in England

The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an order of chivalry founded by Edward III of England in 1348. The most senior order of knighthood in the British honours system, the only decorations which outrank it in precedence are the Victoria Cross and the George Cross. The Order of the Garter is dedicated to the image and arms of Saint George, England's patron saint.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yeomen of the Guard</span> Military unit

The King's Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard is a bodyguard of the British monarch. The oldest British military corps still in existence, it was created by King Henry VII in 1485 after the Battle of Bosworth Field.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honourable Artillery Company</span> Oldest regiment of the British Army

The Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) is a reserve regiment in the British Army. Incorporated by royal charter in 1537 by King Henry VIII, it is the oldest regiment in the British Army and is considered the second-oldest military unit in the world. Today, it is also a charity whose purpose is to attend to the "better defence of the realm", primarily through supporting the HAC regiment and a detachment of City of London Special Constabulary. The word "artillery" in "Honourable Artillery Company" does not have the current meaning that is generally associated with it, but dates from a time when in the English language that word meant any projectile, for example arrows shot from a bow. The equivalent form of words in modern English would be either "Honourable Infantry Company" or "Honourable Military Company".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trooping the Colour</span> Military ceremony in the British Army and other Commonwealth militaries

Trooping the Colour is a ceremonial event performed every year on Horse Guards Parade in London, United Kingdom, by regiments of Household Division, to celebrate the official birthday of the British sovereign. It is also known as the Sovereign's Birthday Parade. Similar events are held in other countries of the Commonwealth. In the UK, it is, with the State Opening of Parliament, one of the biggest events of the ceremonial calendar, and watched by millions on TV and on the streets of London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sovereign's Bodyguard</span> UK ceremonial units

Sovereign's Bodyguard is the name given to three ceremonial units in the United Kingdom who are tasked with guarding the Sovereign. These units are:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">King's Guard</span> Military units charged with protecting the royal residences of the United Kingdom

The King's Guard are sentry postings at Buckingham Palace and St James's Palace, organised by the British Army's Household Division. The Household Division also mounts sentry postings at Horse Guards, known as the King's Life Guard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military colours, standards and guidons</span> Flags, coats of arms, and other signals used to aid in military navigation

In military organizations, the practice of carrying colours, standards, flags, or guidons, both to act as a rallying point for troops and to mark the location of the commander, is thought to have originated in Ancient Egypt some 5,000 years ago. The Roman Empire also made battle standards, reading SPQR a part of their vast armies. It was formalized in the armies of Europe in the High Middle Ages, with standards being emblazoned with the commander's coat of arms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Life Guards (United Kingdom)</span> British military unit

TheLife Guards (LG) is the most senior regiment of the British Army and part of the Household Cavalry, along with The Blues and Royals.

The Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment (HCMR) is a cavalry regiment of the British Army tasked primarily with ceremonial duties. Part of the Household Division, it is classed as a regiment of guards, and carries out mounted ceremonial duties on State and Royal occasions. The HCMR is one of two operational units that form the Household Cavalry (HCav), the other being the Household Cavalry Regiment (HCR), a formation reconnaissance regiment, with front-line combat duties.

A protective security unit typically provides policing, security, intelligence and bodyguard services for sovereigns and politicians. It can be contrasted with a security service, which provide protective security intelligence such as the British Security Service; and a guards regiment for the defence of the Sovereign and the metropolis. Examples of these include the Household Division.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red coat (military uniform)</span> Military uniform used by British infantry since the 15th century

Red coat, also referred to as redcoat or scarlet tunic, is a military garment formerly much used by British infantry servicemen, so customarily that the term became a common synecdoche for the servicemen themselves.

Colonel Sir William Walter Mahon, 7th Baronet, is a retired British Army officer. He is descended from Sir Ross Mahon, 1st Baronet (1763-1835), Member of Parliament for Ennis, who was created a baronet on 14 April 1819. He succeeded his father to the baronetcy in 1987, and his heir is his only son, James William.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Artillery Band</span> Military unit

The Royal Artillery Band was the first official, and permanent British military band originating in 1557, but granted official status in 1762. Consisting of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments, it represented both the Royal Regiment of Artillery, and the state. The Royal Artillery Orchestra [disbanded on 9 February 2014] was Britain's first permanent professional orchestra. All other bands in the British Army received official, permanent status from 1763 onward. Now that the band's overall history of over four and a half centuries has come to an end, it is now claimed that the Band of the Grenadier Guards are the oldest band, with their overall history of over three hundred and thirty years. It is however, important to consider that until 1762, all military bands were formed as and when required, and then immediately disbanded when not, and that they consisted only of hired, civilian musicians; becoming integrated professional soldiers in 1762 and from 1763.

A list of Honours was released on 5 August 2002, and made appointments and promotions within the Royal Victorian Order, as well as awards of the Royal Victorian Medal, on the demise of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon in 2002. The Royal Victorian Order is a dynastic order of knighthood recognising distinguished personal service to the Sovereign, and remains in the personal gift of the monarch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sir Robert Gooch, 11th Baronet</span> British Army officer and politician (1903–1978)

Colonel Sir Robert Eric Sherlock Gooch, 11th Baronet was a British Army officer and local politician.

The 1890 Birthday Honours were appointments by Queen Victoria to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were made to celebrate the official birthday of The Queen, and were published in the London Gazette on 20 May 1890 and in The Times on 21 May 1890.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustavus Hume (British Army officer)</span>

Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Gustavus Hume was a soldier in the British Army who served during the Crimean War (1854–56) and the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He took part in the Battle of the Alma, during which he was wounded, the Battle of Inkerman, the Siege of Sebastopol, and others. He was present at the Siege of Lucknow during the mutiny. He was later adjutant and lieutenant of the Queen's Body Guard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms. He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1880.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mounted Band of the Household Cavalry</span> Musical artist

The Mounted Band of the Household Cavalry is a British Army band which ceremonially serves the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment (HCMR). The HCMR Band is the largest symphonic wind band in the British Army. It is one of the bands of the Royal Corps of Army Music (RCAM) and is currently based at Hyde Park Barracks and Combermere Barracks.

Colonel Christopher David Mackenzie-Beevor is a British courtier who was Lieutenant of Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms from 2018 to 2019 and Clerk of the Cheque and Adjutant from 2016 to 2017.

References

  1. Chandler, David; Beckett, I.F.W., eds. (7 November 1996). The Oxford History of the British Army (New ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 25. ISBN   0-19-285333-3.
  2. "Leading Liverpool light moves to Chelsea". 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2016-07-28.
  3. Gentlemen at Arms
  4. Gentlemen at Arms speech, 4 June 2009 - British Monarchy
  5. The Field of Cloth of Gold was not actually a battle, but is listed by the Corps as a battle honour