Lying in state

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Philip IV of France lying in state Philip IV of France lying in state.jpg
Philip IV of France lying in state
Brazilian president Afonso Pena lying in state in the Catete Palace, 1909 Post-mortem Afonso Pena (cropped).jpg
Brazilian president Afonso Pena lying in state in the Catete Palace, 1909

Lying in state is the tradition in which the body of a deceased official, such as a head of state, is placed in a state building, either outside or inside a coffin, to allow the public to pay their respects. It traditionally takes place in a major government building of a country, state, or city. While the practice differs among countries, in the United States, a viewing in a location other than a government building, such as a church, may be referred to as lying in repose. [1] It is a more formal and public kind of wake or viewing. [2] Lying in state often precedes a state funeral.

Contents

Canada

In Canada, official lying in state is a part of a state funeral, an honour generally reserved for former governors general and former prime ministers. It is held in the Centre Block of Parliament Hill, in the national capital, Ottawa, Ontario. Ex-governors general lie in state in the Senate Chamber while former prime ministers lie in the Hall of Honour. During the period of lying in state, the caskets are flanked at each corner by a Guard of honour, composed of four members drawn from the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as well as members of the Governor General's Foot Guards for former governors general, and guards from the parliamentary security forces for former prime ministers. Guards stand at each corner with heads bowed and weapons inverted (resting on Arms reversed) with their backs turned towards the casket.

Provinces may also mount state funerals and have a lying in state for a distinguished former resident. For instance, Maurice Richard, nationally known hockey player, was given a state funeral by the province of Quebec when he died in 2000; his coffin lay in state at the Molson Centre. [3] This process was repeated for fellow Canadiens players Jean Béliveau in December 2014 and Guy Lafleur in May 2022. [4] [5]

Upon his death in October 2012, 24th lieutenant governor of Ontario and former member of parliament Lincoln Alexander received only the second provincial state funeral in the province. [6] Ontario staged its first state funeral in October 1982 for former premier John Robarts. [7]

Alexander lay in state in the Ontario Legislative Building in Toronto then in repose in Hamilton City Hall, his hometown. [8] The service was held in Hamilton Place. During the procession from city hall, the casket was escorted by mounted police officers, marching police, firefighters and military and a massed pipe band representing several police and fire services. [9]

On 2 July 2019, Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan W. Thomas Molloy died. He was installed as the 22nd lieutenant governor on 21 March 2018, and approximately a year later, diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. His state funeral service was held at Merlis Belsher Place on the campus of the University of Saskatchewan. Malloy had earlier served as chancellor of the university. Members of the public were able to sign books of condolence at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building and Government House in Regina and city hall in Saskatoon.

Premier Scott Moe stated that flags in the province would fly at half-mast until sunset on the day of Malloy's funeral, which was later scheduled for 13 July. During the service, a detail of Royal Canadian Mounted Police guarded the casket and following, members of 15 Wing Moose Jaw from the Royal Canadian Air Force flew over Merlis Belsher Place. [10]

Jocelyne Roy-Vienneau, Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick, died 2 August 2019, after holding office since 23 October 2014. She received a state funeral 8 August 2019 and the flag on the Peace Tower of the Parliament Buildings flew at half-mast from 6 August through 8 August. [11]

Municipalities may offer civic funerals to prominent deceased current or former politicians.

North Korea

In North Korea, the body of the late leader Kim Jong Il was embalmed and displayed in a glass coffin surrounded with red flowers at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in Pyongyang prior to his funeral, which began and ended at the palace. An honor guard armed with AK-47s was present. Kim's father Kim Il Sung, the founding president, was also embalmed, placed in a glass casket, and is on display elsewhere in the palace. [12]

Soviet Union

During the time of the Soviet Union (1917–1991), the state funerals of the most senior political and military leaders, such as Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko all followed the same basic outline. They took place in Moscow, beginning with a public lying in state of the deceased in the House of the Unions, and ending with an interment at Red Square.

For the lying in state at the House of the Unions, the coffin would be placed on display in the Column Hall, which would be decorated by flowers, numerous red flags and other communist symbols. The mourners, which usually would be brought in by the thousands, shuffled up a marble staircase beneath chandeliers draped in black gauze. On the stage at the left side of the Column Hall, a full orchestra in black tailcoats played classical music. The deceased's embalmed body, dressed in a black suit, white shirt and a tie, was displayed in an open coffin on a catafalque banked with carnations, red roses and tulips, facing the queue of mourners. A small guard of honour would be in attendance in the background. At the right side of the hall, seats were placed for guests of honour, with the front row reserved for the dead leader's family.

On the day of the funeral, a military funeral parade would take place during which the coffin would be conveyed from the House of the Unions to Red Square where burial would take place. Lenin and Stalin were placed inside the Lenin Mausoleum, while Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko were interred in individual graves in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

Singapore

At state funerals in Singapore, the state flag is draped over the coffin. The vigil guard may be deployed during the public lying in state of the deceased person at Parliament House. The deployment of the vigil guard is the highest form of respect accorded by the nation to the deceased.

Similar to British traditions, the vigil guard is composed of groups of five commissioned officers from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and Singapore Police Force (SPF) who stand guard around the clock in shifts of 30 minutes. Four of the five officers stand facing outward at each of the four corners of the coffin, while the fifth and most senior stands in front and faces inward. Their heads are bowed and their ceremonial swords are inverted. [13]

Vigil guards were stationed at the public lying in state of Goh Keng Swee in May 2010, [14] Lee Kuan Yew in March 2015, [15] and S. R. Nathan in August 2016. [16]

South Africa

Nelson Mandela was the first democratically elected president to lie in state in South Africa. The event took place at the Union Buildings in Pretoria, the same site where he was inaugurated as the president of South Africa on 10 May 1994. Mandela lay in state from 11 December through 13 December 2013 with thousands of South Africans filing past the coffin before it was flown to Mthatha where Mandela was buried on 15 December 2013 in nearby Qunu in the Eastern Cape. [17]

From 30 December to 31 December 2021, [18] [19] revered anti-apartheid fighter Archbishop Desmond Tutu lay in state at St. George's Cathedral in Cape Town prior to his funeral being held at the same location on 1 January 2022. [20] [21] [22]

United Kingdom

The lying in state of King Edward VII in Westminster Hall, May 1910 The Lying-in-State of His Late Majesty Edward VII in Westminster Hall LCCN2014688197.tif
The lying in state of King Edward VII in Westminster Hall, May 1910

In state and ceremonial funerals in the United Kingdom, lying in state traditionally takes place in Westminster Hall. The body is placed in a closed coffin on a catafalque and is guarded, around the clock, by detachments from the following units:

Diagram showing the positions of the guards during the lying in state prior to a State Funeral - the cross is at the foot of the coffin: 1: Household Cavalry or Foot Guards 2: Yeomen of the Guard 3: Gentlemen-at-Arms or Royal Company of Archers Lying in state westminster.png
Diagram showing the positions of the guards during the lying in state prior to a State Funeral - the cross is at the foot of the coffin:
1: Household Cavalry or Foot Guards
2: Yeomen of the Guard
3: Gentlemen-at-Arms or Royal Company of Archers

There are differences between lying in state at a State Funeral, and that of a Ceremonial Funeral. At a State Funeral, the guard detachment consists of ten members, with six drawn from the Sovereign's Bodyguard and four from the Household Division. The four members of the Household Division, all of whom are officers, and who are drawn either from the two regiments of the Household Cavalry (one pair from each), or one of the Foot Guards regiments, form the 'Inner Guard'; they stand one each corner of the catafalque next to the coffin. The six members of the Sovereign's Bodyguard consist of four from the Yeomen of the Guard, and two from either the Gentlemen-at-Arms or the Royal Company of Archers, and form the 'Outer Guard'. The Yeomen of the Guard take position at the corners of the dais on which the catafalque is mounted, outside the officers from the Household Division, while the final two take position on the dais at the foot of the coffin.

Each detachment stands vigil for twenty minutes, facing out from the coffin with heads bowed and weapons inverted. The Yeomen of the Guard maintain a constant presence throughout the period of lying in state, while the other units rotate every six hours. [23] At a Ceremonial Funeral, such as that of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, only the Inner Guard stands vigil, with detachments of four from each of the ten named units at their post for twenty minutes, and units rotating every six hours. [24]

On three occasions, the guard has been mounted by four members of the royal family. At the lying in state of King George V in 1936, the guard was mounted by his four sons King Edward VIII, the Duke of York (future George VI), the Duke of Gloucester and the Duke of Kent. For Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's lying-in-state in 2002, the guard was mounted by her four grandsons, the Prince of Wales (future Charles III), the Duke of York, the Earl of Wessex, and Viscount Linley. [25] All Queen Elizabeth II's children took guard at 19:40 BST on 12 September 2022 at the lying-in-repose at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. During this vigil, Anne, Princess Royal became the first woman ever to stand guard. [26] As part of the late Queen's lying in state in London, at 19:30 BST on 16 September 2022, her four children stood vigil for the second time. [27] The Queen's eight grandchildren held a vigil the following day on 17 September 2022. [28]

The tradition of lying in state in the United Kingdom dates Stuart sovereigns in the seventeenth century. [29] The first British monarch to lie in state in Westminster Hall was King Edward VII in 1910, apparently following William Gladstone in 1898. [30] Queen Victoria requested that she should not lie in state but after her death at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight was given a semi-private lying in state for family and servants to pay their respects. [29]

United States

President Ronald Reagan lies in state at the United States Capitol rotunda, June 2004 US Navy 040609-A-8024C-018 Ceremonial Honor Guard stand watch over the flag-draped casket of former President Ronald Reagan during his State Funeral in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda (cropped).jpg
President Ronald Reagan lies in state at the United States Capitol rotunda, June 2004

Lying in state in the United States is the rare honor either authorized by a congressional resolution or approved by the congressional leadership, when permission is granted by survivors, to a deceased member of government (or former member) whereby his or her remains are placed in the rotunda of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. for public viewing. [31] The casket is guarded by members of the six branches of the United States armed forces. By regulation and custom, only presidents, military commanders, justices of the Supreme Court, and members of Congress are granted the honor of lying in state.

The casket of Rosa Parks at the U.S. Capitol rotunda Rosa Parks lying in state.jpg
The casket of Rosa Parks at the U.S. Capitol rotunda

It differs from lying in honor in that individuals lying in state have guards of honor representing each branch of the U.S. Armed Forces, while individuals lying in honor have the U.S. Capitol Police as civilian guards of honor. Six Americans have lain in honor, beginning in 1998. [32] In 2005, Rosa Parks became the first woman to lie in honor in the United States Capitol. [33]

Except for presidents and former presidents, the honor is not automatic. Not all those entitled to the honor have it accepted by their survivors. The first leader to receive this honor was Henry Clay, former Speaker of the House of Representatives, when he died in 1852. Since then, the honor has been extended to 36 people, including 12 presidents and four unknown soldiers, representing U.S. service members who have died without their remains being identified. Harry Truman, Richard Nixon and their families declined services at the Capitol. [34] To date, most of those who have lain in state have done so upon the catafalque constructed for the funeral of Abraham Lincoln. Those who have lain in honor have been borne on other biers. [35]

States and cities

Some U.S. states and cities extend similar honors.

Arizona

Upon his death in August 2018, U.S. Senator John McCain lay in state at the State Capitol of his home state of Arizona before receiving the same honor in the U.S. Capitol two days later. [36]

California

After a memorial service outside the Polk Street entrance of San Francisco City Hall on 29 November 1978, Mayor George Moscone and city Supervisor Harvey Milk lay in state in the Rotunda until 30 November, after their assassination by former Supervisor Dan White. The chamber was also filled with more than 400 floral tributes to the two men. [37] [38]

In San Francisco, Mayor Ed Lee lay in state in the Rotunda of San Francisco City Hall after his death in office on 12 December 2017. [39] Senator Dianne Feinstein, who served as San Francisco mayor from 1978 to 1988, also lay in state in the rotunda on October 4, 2023, prior to a funeral service the following day. [40]

Georgia

After his death in July 2020, U.S. Representative John Lewis received similar honors from his home state of Georgia and also was the first African American member of Congress to lie in state in the Capitol Rotunda. Because of his role in the Selma to Montgomery marches during the civil rights movement, Lewis also lay in state for one day in the Alabama Capitol in Montgomery. [41]

Kentucky

Through 2022, 23 people have lain in state at the Kentucky Capitol building rotunda in Frankfort. This includes not only politicians, but also civilians. Kentucky-based Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) founder Colonel Harland Sanders would also be among those who received the honor of lying in state in the Kentucky Capitol's rotunda following his death in 1980. [42] After his death in November 2022, former Kentucky governor and renowned restaurant business mogul John Y. Brown Jr. would also be among those who had the honor of lying in state at the Kentucky Capitol as well. [43] Former Kentucky Governor Brereton C. Jones would lie in state at the Kentucky Capitol following his death in September 2023 as well. [44] [45]

Hawaii

Eight people have lain in state at the Hawaii State Capitol, among which include former Governor John A. Burns in 1975, U.S. Senator Spark Matsunaga in 1990, famous Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole upon his death in 1997, U.S. Representative Patsy Mink in 2002, former U.S. Senator Hiram Fong in 2004, Daniel Inouye, president pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, in 2012, and former U.S. Senator Daniel Akaka in 2018. [46]

Michigan

During funeral rites of civil rights icon Rosa Parks in Detroit in November 2005, she lay in repose at the Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History before services and burial. [47] This followed similar arrangements in December 1997 for Mayor Coleman Young, the first African-American to hold that office. [48]

Upon the deaths of singer-songwriter Aretha Franklin in August 2018 and former Congresswoman Barbara-Rose Collins in November 2021, both women were also honored at the Wright Museum. [49] [50]

Texas

Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee would lie in state at Houston City Hall on July 29, 2024. [51]

Washington

Upon her death in 1948, Belle Reeves, former state legislator and Washington's first female secretary of state, received the only state funeral ever held in the House Chamber of the Washington State Legislature. [52]

Vatican City

Pope John Paul II's body lying in state Giovanni Paolo II 0013.JPG
Pope John Paul II's body lying in state

A deceased pope customarily lies in state in the chapel of the Apostolic Palace (except for Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI) where members of the Papal household and Vatican officials may pay respects. Then, after a Mass of Visitation, the body is moved to St. Peter's Basilica, where it remains until the celebration of a Requiem Mass. [53] The funerals of John Paul II and Benedict XVI followed this custom.

Vietnam

The preserved body of Ho Chi Minh lies in state in the purpose-built Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum at the Ho Chi Minh Museum in Hanoi and is open for public viewing. [54]

Coptic Patriarchate

The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria has a tradition of mummifying the deceased pope and placing his body on his throne to enable church followers to have a farewell look at him for a short period of time. This tradition is one of the ways that ancient Egyptian rituals have survived in the Egyptian church. [55]

Other notable funerals

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Catafalque</span> Raised bier to display a body or casket

A catafalque is a raised bier, box, or similar platform, often movable, that is used to support the casket, coffin, or body of a dead person during a Christian funeral or memorial service. Following a Roman Catholic Requiem Mass, a catafalque may be used to stand in place of the body at the absolution of the dead or used during Masses of the Dead and All Souls' Day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State funeral</span> Ceremony for nationally significant people

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a national day of mourning after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kentucky State Capitol</span> State capitol building of the U.S. state of Kentucky

The Kentucky State Capitol is located in Frankfort and is the house of the three branches of the state government of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State funeral of Abraham Lincoln</span> 1865 Funeral of the 16th U.S. president

After Abraham Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865, a three-week series of events was held to mourn the death and memorialize the life of the 16th president of the United States. Funeral services, a procession, and a lying in state were first held in Washington, D.C., then a funeral train transported Lincoln's remains 1,654 miles (2,662 km) through seven states for burial in Springfield, Illinois. Never exceeding 20 mph, the train made several stops in principal cities and state capitals for processions, orations, and additional lyings in state. Many Americans viewed the train along the route and participated in associated ceremonies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan</span> 2004 Funeral of the 40th U.S. president

On June 5, 2004, Ronald Reagan, the 40th president of the United States, died after having Alzheimer's disease for over a decade. Reagan was the first former U.S. president to die in 10 years since Richard Nixon in 1994. At the age of 93 years, 120 days, Reagan was the longest-lived U.S. president in history at the time of his death, a record which has since been surpassed by Gerald Ford, George H. W. Bush, & Jimmy Carter. His seven-day state funeral followed. After Reagan's death, his body was taken from his Bel Air home to the Kingsley and Gates Funeral Home in Santa Monica, California, to prepare the body for burial. On June 7, Reagan's casket was transported by hearse and displayed at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California, then flown to Washington, D.C., on June 9 for a service, public viewing and tributes at the U.S. Capitol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lying in repose</span> Public funerary custom

Lying in repose is the tradition in which the body of a deceased person, often of high social stature, is made available for public viewing. Lying in repose differs from the more formal honor of lying in state, which is generally held at the principal government building of the deceased person's country and often accompanied by a guard of honour.

The Vigil of the Princes refers to occasions when members of the British royal family have "stood guard" during the lying in state of one of their relatives during or as part of a British state or ceremonial funeral. This occurred for King George V in 1936, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother in 2002, and for Queen Elizabeth II in 2022. Prior to 2022, only male members of the British royal family joined the vigil. In 2022 however, female members of the royal family took part in the vigil. Anne, Princess Royal, took part alongside her three brothers in both vigils for their mother, Queen Elizabeth II while all four of the Queen's granddaughters took part in a separate grandchildren's vigil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viewing (funeral)</span> Funeral custom

In death customs, a viewing is the time that family and friends come to see the deceased before the funeral, once the body has been prepared by a funeral home. It is generally recommended that a body first be embalmed to create the best possible presentation of the deceased. A viewing may take place at the funeral home's chapel, in a family home or at a place of worship, such as a church. Some cultures, such as the Māori of New Zealand, often take the body to the marae or tribal community hall.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Capitol rotunda</span> Component of the United States Capitol

The United States Capitol building features a central rotunda below the Capitol dome. Built between 1818 and 1824, the rotunda has been described as the Capitol's "symbolic and physical heart".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford</span> 2006–07 funeral of the 38th president of the US

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lincoln catafalque</span> Support for the casket of Abraham Lincoln while his body lay in state

The Lincoln catafalque is a catafalque constructed in 1865 to support the casket of Abraham Lincoln while the president's body lay in state in the Capitol rotunda in Washington, D.C. The catafalque has since been used for many who have lain in state in the Capitol rotunda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State funerals in the United States</span> Funeral rites reserved for U.S. state officials or important citizens

In the United States, state funerals are the official funerary rites conducted by the federal government in the nation's capital, Washington, D.C., that are offered to a sitting or former president, a president-elect, high government officials and other civilians who have rendered distinguished service to the nation. Administered by the Military District of Washington (MDW), a command unit of the Joint Force Headquarters National Capital Region, state funerals are greatly influenced by protocol, steeped in tradition, and rich in history. However, the overall planning as well as the decision to hold a state funeral, is largely determined by a president and their family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">State funeral of John F. Kennedy</span> 1963 funeral of the 35th U.S. president

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">State funerals in the United Kingdom</span> For a monarch or approved by the monarch

In the United Kingdom, state funerals are usually reserved for monarchs. The most recent was the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II on 19 September 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</span> 1938 death of the President of Turkey

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of the Republic of Turkey, died at the Dolmabahçe Palace, his official residence in Istanbul, on 10 November 1938. His state funeral was held in the capital city of Ankara on 21 November, and was attended by dignitaries from seventeen nations. His body remained at the Ethnography Museum of Ankara until 10 November 1953, the fifteenth anniversary of his death, when his remains were carried to his final resting place at Anıtkabir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and funeral of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother</span> 2002 death and funeral of the United Kingdoms queen mother

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush</span> 2018 funeral of the 41st U.S. president

On November 30, 2018, George H. W. Bush, the 41st president of the United States, died from vascular Parkinson's syndrome at his home in Houston, Texas. Bush was the first former U.S. president to die in nearly 12 years since Gerald Ford in late 2006. At the age of 94 years, 171 days, Bush was the longest-lived U.S. president in history at the time of his death, a record that was surpassed by Jimmy Carter on March 22, 2019; both were born in the same year (1924).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">District of Columbia National Guard Honor Guard</span> Military unit

The District of Columbia Army National GuardHonor Guard is the Army National Guard's official Honor Guard program for the District of Columbia. The mission of the DCARNG Honor Guard is to provide military funeral honors (MFH) to qualifying veterans and participate in ceremonial and special events. Based on the mission and support needed, selected members of the Air National Guard's Honor Guard program are required to work jointly with the DCARNG to support missions that fall under the DCNG as a whole. The DCARNG Honor Guard program is assigned to the District of Columbia National Guard (DCNG) Joint Force Headquarters (JFHQ) Command.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</span> 2020 death of a US Supreme Court justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, died from complications of metastatic pancreatic cancer on September 18, 2020, at the age of 87. Her death received immediate and significant public attention; a vigil at the Supreme Court plaza in Washington, D.C., was held that same evening. Memorials and vigils were held in several U.S. cities, including Chicago, New York City, and San Francisco.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death and state funeral of George V</span> 1936 death and state funeral of the United Kingdoms king

George V, King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, died at Sandringham House in Norfolk on 20 January 1936, at the age of 70. He was succeeded by the eldest son, Edward VIII, who abdicated that year.

References

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  25. ↑ Bates, Stephen (9 April 2002). "Grandsons hold vigil as public files past". The Guardian . London.
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  28. ↑ "Queen's grandchildren hold vigil at her coffin with Duke of Sussex in uniform". 17 September 2022.
  29. 1 2 "Lying in state: A royal tradition which dates back to the 17th century". 15 September 2022.
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  31. ↑ "Lying in State or in Honor". US Architect of the Capitol (AOC). Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  32. ↑ Field, Carla. "Lying in State Versus Lying in Honor". WYFF News. Greenville, SC. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ↑ "Those Who Have Lain in State or in Honor in the U.S. Capitol Rotunda". Architect of the Capitol. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  34. ↑ Cummings, William (3 December 2018). "From George Washington to George H.W. Bush: The history of presidential funerals". USA Today . Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  35. ↑ "The Lincoln Catafalque". Architect of the Capitol. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  36. ↑ Cochrane, Emily (25 August 2018). "John McCain to Lie in State at Capitols in Washington and Arizona" . The New York Times . Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  37. ↑ Perkins, Laura (28 November 2003). "S.F. mourns Milk, Moscone in the wake of Jonestown". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  38. ↑ "Milk & Moscone's Memorial Service". KRON News . 29 November 1978.
  39. ↑ Haigney, Sophie; J.K. Dineen & John Wildermuth (15 December 2017). "Thousands of mourners pay respect to Mayor Ed Lee at SF City Hall". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  40. ↑ Rimmer, Morgan (2 October 2023). "Feinstein to lie in state at San Francisco City Hall ahead of Thursday funeral". CNN . Retrieved 5 October 2023.
  41. ↑ Jacobs, Emily (27 July 2020). "Late Rep. John Lewis to begin lie in state in US Capitol". New York Post . Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  42. ↑ Smith, J. Y. (17 December 1980). "Col. Sanders, the Fried-Chicken Gentleman, Dies". The Washington Post . Retrieved 30 November 2022.
  43. ↑ Watkins, Morgan (29 November 2022). "Former Gov. John Y. Brown lies in state at Kentucky Capitol". Louisville Courier Journal . Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  44. ↑ "Kentuckians from across the Commonwealth gather to pay respects to former Gov. Brereton Jones". NKY Tribune. 26 September 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  45. ↑ Davenport, Jane (26 September 2023). "Former Ky. Gov. Brereton Jones laid to rest". WTVQ. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  46. ↑ "Lying in state a rare and treasured honor in Hawaii". KHNL News. 18 May 2018.
  47. ↑ Hoffman, Kathy Barks (2 November 2005). "4,000 throng Rosa Parks' funeral in Detroit". The Seattle Times . Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  48. ↑ Montemurri, Patricia (31 August 2018). "When Detroit says goodbye: Historic funerals in the Motor City". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  49. ↑ "Crowds of fans mourn Aretha Franklin at public viewing in Detroit". CBS News . 28 August 2018.
  50. ↑ Chambers, Jennifer (13 November 2021). "Former U.S. Rep. Collins remembered as a 'diva with a servant's heart'". The Detroit News . Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  51. ↑ "LIVE: Sheila Jackson Lee lies in state at Houston City Hall rotunda". Fox 26 Houston. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  52. ↑ "Belle Reeves". Legacy Washington. Secretary of State of Washington . Retrieved 18 March 2022.
  53. ↑ "Eucharistic Concelebration for the Repose of the Soul of Pope John Paul II: Homily of Card. Angelo Sodano". The Holy See. 3 April 2005. Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  54. ↑ Gregory, Andy (19 July 2019). "Ho Chi Minh's corpse in 'great condition' ahead of 50th anniversary of leader's death, Vietnam says". The Independent . London.
  55. ↑ Ayad Ayad, Phd, Boulos (Winter 1988). "Ancient Egyptian Civilization and the Coptic Church" (PDF). Coptic Church Review. 9 (4): 105–114.
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