1998 United States Capitol shooting

Last updated

1998 United States Capitol shooting
Location Washington, D.C., US
DateJuly 24, 1998;25 years ago (1998-07-24)
3:40 p.m. – 3:45 p.m. (UTC-4)
Target United States Capitol
Attack type
 Mass shooting
Weapons .38 caliber Smith & Wesson revolver
Deaths2
Injured3 (including the perpetrator)
PerpetratorRussell Eugene Weston Jr.

The 1998 United States Capitol shooting occurred on July 24, 1998, when Russell Eugene Weston Jr. entered the Capitol and fatally shot United States Capitol Police officers Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson. [1]

Contents

Gibson died during surgery at MedStar Washington Hospital Center; Chestnut died at George Washington University Hospital. [2] Weston's exact motives are unknown, but he had expressed strong distrust of the federal government of the United States; he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia six years before the attack. [3] Weston was later charged on July 26 for the murder of two U.S. Capitol Police officers during the shooting rampage. [4] As of July 2018, [5] Weston remained in a mental institution. [6] [7]

Shooting

On the day of the shooting, Officer Chestnut and an unarmed civilian security aide were assigned to operate the X-ray machine and magnetometer at the Document Door entrance located on the East Front of the Capitol, which was open only to Members of Congress and their staff. Detective Gibson was assigned to the dignitary protection detail of then House Majority Whip Tom DeLay (R-TX) and was in his suite of offices near this door. Weston, armed with a .38 caliber Smith & Wesson six-shot revolver, entered the Document Door at 3:40 p.m. At the same time, Officer Chestnut was providing directions to a tourist and his son. Weston walked through the metal detector, setting off the alarm. Chestnut requested he go back through the detector. [8] Weston suddenly produced the gun and without warning, shot Chestnut in the back of the head at point-blank range. At this time, Officer Douglas McMillan, normally working outside the Capitol, was nearby retrieving keys to get a wheelchair for a tourist. Officer McMillan immediately returned fire as Weston shot Chestnut, causing Weston to shoot toward McMillan, wounding him. Weston then ran away from McMillan, turning into the first nearby open door he found. McMillan could not shoot at Weston without risking hitting the many civilians in the immediate area. According to witnesses, Weston turned down a short corridor. He pushed through a door that led to a group of offices used by senior Republican representatives, including then-House Majority Whip Tom DeLay and Representative Dennis Hastert, future Speaker of the House and a close protégé of then Speaker Newt Gingrich. [9] [ unreliable source? ]

Upon hearing the gunfire, Detective Gibson, who was in plain clothes, told the office staff to hide under their desks. Weston entered the office and quickly shot Gibson. Mortally wounded, Gibson returned fire, shooting Weston four times. Two other officers arrested Weston in the same office. [10] Senator Bill Frist, a heart surgeon who had been presiding on the Senate floor just before the shooting, resuscitated the gunman and accompanied him to D.C. General Hospital. [1]

Angela Dickerson, a tourist, was grazed on her face and shoulder by shrapnel from a marble wall as McMillan's rounds impacted the wall while he was attempting to hit the fleeing Weston. [11] She was treated for her injuries and released. [12]

Aftermath

A Capitol Police honor guard salutes the coffins of Officer Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson in the Capitol rotunda as they lie in repose Capitol Police Honor Guard - 1998 shooting.jpg
A Capitol Police honor guard salutes the coffins of Officer Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson in the Capitol rotunda as they lie in repose

Officers Chestnut and Gibson were killed in the attack. Both officers received the tribute of lying in honor in the United States Capitol rotunda. They were the first police officers, and Chestnut was the first African American, to receive the honor. [13]

In 1999, Weston was found incompetent to stand trial due to mental illness; he had a history of schizophrenia and had stopped taking his medication. [14] A judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia ordered that he be treated with antipsychotic medication without his consent in 2001, and the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit upheld the decision. [15] In 2004, the court determined that Weston still was not competent to be tried, despite ongoing treatment, and suspended but did not dismiss the criminal charges against him. Weston was known to the United States Secret Service before the incident as a person who had threatened the President of the United States. [7]

The shooting led to the creation of the United States Capitol Police Memorial Fund, a nonprofit organization managed by the Capitol Police Board which provides funds for the families of Chestnut and Gibson. [16] In November 2005, the fund was expanded to include the family of Sgt. Christopher Eney, a USCP officer killed during a training accident in 1984. [17] The shooting was cited as one reason for the development of the Capitol Visitor Center. The legislation authorizing the construction of the facility was introduced by Washington, D.C. Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton and was entitled the Jacob Joseph Chestnut–John Michael Gibson United States Capitol Visitor Center Act of 1998. [18] [19] The door where Weston entered was renamed in honor of the two officers, from the Document Door to the Chestnut-Gibson Memorial Door. [20]

On March 6, 2008, Weston filed a motion requesting a hearing on his mental status. The hearing was held on May 6 with Weston appearing via teleconference from the Federal Medical Center, Butner with his public defender Jane Pierce and two witnesses he selected, a psychologist and vocational rehabilitation specialist. [6] Federal judge Earl Britt denied Weston's request to be released from the federal facility, arguing that he failed to present enough evidence that he no longer needed to be committed. During the hearing, defense psychologist Holly Rogers stated that "sometimes there are individuals who simply do not respond to medication", implying that Weston was not ready for release. Had Weston been released from the facility, it would have made it possible for him to be taken to Washington, D.C., to stand trial for the murders of Gibson and Chestnut. [12]

On July 24, 2008, members of Congress paused for a moment of silence to mark the shooting's tenth anniversary. On the east lawn of the Capitol, Democratic and Republican lawmakers planted a tree in memory of Gibson and Chestnut. [21]

Officers

Officer Jacob Chestnut, USCP Officer Jacob Chestnut, USCP.jpg
Officer Jacob Chestnut, USCP

Officer Jacob Joseph Chestnut (April 28, 1940 – July 24, 1998) was the first African American to lie in honor at the Capitol. [22] He retired as a master sergeant from the United States Air Force after 20 years of service in the Air Force Security Police. [23] Chestnut's career included two tours in the Vietnam War. [23] Chestnut is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. [24] His funeral included a speech by President Bill Clinton and a fly-over by military jets in a missing man formation. A United States Post Office located in Fort Washington, Maryland, has been renamed in his and Detective John Gibson's honor, [25] as was the building housing the United States Air Force's 20th Security Forces Squadron at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina.[ citation needed ]

Detective John Gibson, USCP Detective John Gibson, USCP.jpg
Detective John Gibson, USCP

Detective John Michael Gibson (March 29, 1956 – July 24, 1998) was a United States Capitol Police officer assigned to the dignitary protection detail of Congressman Tom DeLay. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery [26] after lying in honor with Chestnut in the Capitol rotunda. Gibson had served with the agency for 18 years. He was a native of Massachusetts who married the niece of Representative Joe Moakley. [27] He had three children, a 17-year-old daughter and two boys, ages 15 and 14. Growing up in New England, Gibson was a lifelong Boston Red Sox fan, and on August 11, 1998, the team held a moment of silence in his honor before a game with the Kansas City Royals.[ citation needed ]

Perpetrator

Russell Eugene Weston Jr. (born December 28, 1956), also known as Rusty, grew up in Valmeyer, Illinois, a town of 900 people. Shortly after graduating from Valmeyer High School in 1974, Weston moved to Rimini, Montana, rarely returning to Valmeyer. His classmates' only attempt at inviting him to a class reunion was returned with obscenities written across it. [28] Many of Weston's Montana neighbors disliked and often ignored him. They considered him to be unusual and sometimes eccentric. Weston had once thought that his neighbor was using his television satellite dish to spy on his actions and believed Navy SEALs were hiding in his cornfield. [28]

Weston's cabin next to the lower Tenmile Creek in Montana following a search by the police Russellwestonhome.jpg
Weston's cabin next to the lower Tenmile Creek in Montana following a search by the police

Weston was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia six years before the shooting and spent fifty-three days in a mental hospital after threatening a Montana resident. He was released after testing as no danger to himself or anyone else. [29] Two years before the shooting in July 1996, Weston bought a new suit and set off on a cross-country trip to visit the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency in McLean, Virginia. He said his operative name was "The Moon" and claimed he had important information for the Director of the CIA. He was taken to a small conference room at the facility and interviewed for 50 minutes, recorded on videotape. He then left the facility. [30]

Eighteen months before the shooting, he moved back to Valmeyer from Montana. Once home, he was known to compulsively hack at trees that filled his backyard following the Mississippi River floods of 1993. There was so much downed timber on his family's homestead that his father had to ask him to stop cutting down trees. [29] Two days before the Capitol shooting, at his grandmother's insistence to do something about nearby cats which were becoming a nuisance, Weston shot and killed 14 cats with a single-barreled shotgun, leaving several in a bucket and burying the rest. [29]

Following the Capitol shooting, Weston was transferred to a psychiatric center at Butner Federal Correctional Institution in Butner, North Carolina. In an interview with a court-appointed psychiatrist, he explained that he stormed the Capitol to prevent the United States from being annihilated by disease and legions of cannibals. [31]

One contentious issue of Weston's incarceration was that of forced medication. He had refused to take any medications voluntarily, so in May 2001, a federal judge authorized doctors to treat Weston involuntarily. A panel from a federal appeals court ruled in July 2001 that Weston could be forced to take the drugs, which he was then forced to do for 120 days. [32] He remains in the civil commitment indefinitely. [33]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Capitol</span> Meeting place of the United States Congress

The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol or the Capitol Building, is the seat of the United States Congress, the legislative branch of the federal government. It is located on Capitol Hill at the eastern end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Although no longer at the geographic center of the national capital, the U.S. Capitol forms the origin point for the street-numbering system of the district as well as its four quadrants.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia</span> Local law enforcement agency of Washington, D.C., United States

The Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPDC), more commonly known as the Metropolitan Police Department (MPD), the DC Police, and, colloquially, the DCPD, is the primary law enforcement agency for the District of Columbia, in the United States. With approximately 3,400 officers and 600 civilian staff, it is the sixth-largest municipal police department in the United States. The department serves an area of 68 square miles (180 km2) and a population of over 700,000 people. Established on August 6, 1861, the MPD is one of the oldest police departments in the United States. The MPD headquarters is at the Henry J. Daly Building, located on Indiana Avenue in Judiciary Square across the street from the District of Columbia Court of Appeals and the Superior Court of the District of Columbia. The department's mission is to "safeguard the District of Columbia and protect its residents and visitors with the highest regard for the sanctity of human life". The MPD's regulations are compiled in title 5, chapter 1 of the District of Columbia Code.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Capitol Police</span> Police agency protecting the U.S. Congress

The United States Capitol Police (USCP) is a federal law enforcement agency in the United States with nationwide jurisdiction charged with protecting the United States Congress within the District of Columbia and throughout the United States and its territories. It answers to the Capitol Police Board and is the only full-service federal law enforcement agency appointed by the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kansas Highway Patrol</span> Traffic police and de facto state police in the US state of Kansas

The Kansas Highway Patrol (KHP) is the highway patrol agency for the U.S. state of Kansas. While the patrol's primary focus is maintaining the safety of State, Federal and Interstate highways, it also is charged with providing support for county agencies when tactical, aerial or other specialized services are needed. The Kansas Highway Patrol has statewide jurisdiction, and frequently assists other agencies with emergency calls for service.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States Capitol rotunda</span> Component of United States Capitol

The United States Capitol building features a central rotunda below the Capitol dome. Built between 1818 and 1824, the rotunda has been described as the Capitol's "symbolic and physical heart".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trolley Square shooting</span> Mass shooting at shopping mall in Utah, US

The Trolley Square shooting was a mass shooting that occurred on the evening of February 12, 2007, at Trolley Square Mall in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. A gunman identified as Sulejman Talović killed five bystanders and wounded four others before being shot dead by several members of the Salt Lake City Police Department. Authorities were not able to determine a motive.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Bush Center for Intelligence</span> CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, U.S.

The George Bush Center for Intelligence is the headquarters of the Central Intelligence Agency, located in the unincorporated community of Langley in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States, near Washington, D.C.

On October 3, 2013, in Washington, D.C., Miriam Carey, a dental hygienist from Stamford, Connecticut, was shot and killed by law enforcement officers after attempting to drive through a White House security checkpoint in her black Infiniti G37 coupe. She struck a U.S. Secret Service officer, and was chased by the Secret Service to the United States Capitol where she was shot five times in the back, including one shot which hit the left side of the back of her head. A young child, Carey's daughter, was found unharmed in the car.

On June 14, 2017, a mass shooting occurred during a practice session for the annual Congressional Baseball Game in Alexandria, Virginia. 66-year-old James Hodgkinson shot six people, including U.S. House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, U.S. Capitol Police officer Crystal Griner, congressional aide Zack Barth, and lobbyist Matt Mika. A ten-minute shootout took place between Hodgkinson and officers from the Capitol and Alexandria Police before officers shot Hodgkinson, who died from his wounds later that day at the George Washington University Hospital. Scalise and Mika were taken to nearby hospitals where they underwent surgery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Steven Sund</span> American police officer and memoirist

Steven A. Sund is a retired American police officer and memoirist who served as the tenth chief of the United States Capitol Police from 2019 to 2021. Sund was chief during the January 6 United States Capitol attack, after which he resigned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">January 6 United States Capitol attack</span> 2021 attempt to prevent presidential electoral vote count

On January 6, 2021, the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C., was attacked by a mob of supporters of then-U.S. president Donald Trump, two months after his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. They sought to keep Trump in power by occupying the Capitol and preventing a joint session of Congress counting the Electoral College votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. The attack was ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the certification of the election results. According to the bipartisan House select committee that investigated the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Killing of Ashli Babbitt</span> 2021 shooting in the U.S. Capitol Building

On January 6, 2021, Ashli Babbitt was fatally shot during an attack on the United States Capitol. She was part of a crowd of supporters of then U.S. president Donald Trump who breached the United States Capitol building seeking to overturn his defeat in the 2020 presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacob Chansley</span> QAnon and January 6 Capitol attack figure

Jacob Anthony Angeli Chansley, also known as the QAnon Shaman, Q Shaman, and Yellowstone Wolf, is an American far-right conspiracy theorist, rioter, and convicted felon who participated in the January 6 United States Capitol attack, for which he was convicted after a guilty plea on charges of obstructing an official proceeding. He is a supporter of former president Donald Trump and a former believer and disseminator of the QAnon conspiracy theory which has no basis in reality or any facts to corroborate its claims.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Death of Brian Sicknick</span> American police officer (1978–2021)

On January 7, 2021, a United States Capitol Police (USCP) officer, Brian Sicknick, died after suffering two strokes the day after he responded to an attack on the U.S. Capitol. The District of Columbia chief medical examiner found that Sicknick had died from stroke, classifying his death as natural and additionally commented that "all that transpired played a role in his condition", a decision which was criticized by some expert neurologists, who have stated that stress from the attack may have very well caused the stroke. His cremated remains were laid in honor in the Capitol Rotunda on February 2, 2021, before they were buried with full honors at Arlington National Cemetery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack</span>

The January 6 United States Capitol attack was followed by political, legal, and social repercussions. The second impeachment of Donald Trump, who was charged for incitement of insurrection for his conduct, occurred on January 13. At the same time, Cabinet officials were pressured to invoke the 25th Amendment for removing Trump from office. Trump was subsequently acquitted in the Senate trial, which was held in February after Trump had already left office. The result was a 57–43 vote in favor of conviction, with every Democrat and seven Republicans voting to convict, but two-thirds of the Senate are required to convict. Many in the Trump administration resigned. Several large companies announced they were halting all political donations, and others have suspended funding the lawmakers who had objected to certifying Electoral College results. A bill was introduced to form an independent commission, similar to the 9/11 Commission, to investigate the events surrounding the attack; it passed the House but was blocked by Republicans in the Senate. The House then approved a House "select committee" to investigate the attack. In June, the Senate released the results of its own investigation of the attack. The event led to strong criticism of law enforcement agencies. Leading figures within the United States Capitol Police resigned. A large-scale criminal investigation was undertaken, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) opening more than 1,200 case files. Federal law enforcement undertook a nationwide manhunt for the perpetrators, with arrests and indictments following within days. Over 890 people had been found guilty of federal crimes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eugene Goodman</span> American law enforcement officer

Eugene Goodman is an American United States Capitol Police officer who diverted invading rioters from the United States Senate chamber during the January 6 Capitol attack. Goodman is a U.S. Army veteran who served during the Iraq War. He served as the Acting Deputy Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate from January 20, 2021, to March 2, 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of violent incidents at the United States Capitol</span>

The United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., became the meeting place of the United States Congress when the building was initially completed in 1800. Since that time, there have been many violent and dangerous incidents, including shootings, fistfights, bombings, poisonings and a major riot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 United States Capitol car attack</span> Car attack on the U.S. Capitol Building

On April 2, 2021, Noah Green, a 25-year-old black nationalist, killed Capitol Police officer William Evans and wounded a second officer after he deliberately rammed his car into a barricade outside the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. As a result of the attack, the Capitol complex was locked down. Green was shot and later died at a hospital from the gunshot wounds. Green shared extremist viewpoints advanced by the Nation of Islam and other black nationalists prior to committing his attack at the Capitol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Law enforcement response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack</span>

Law enforcement mounted a response to the January 6 United States Capitol attack, initially failing to maintain security perimeters and protect parts of the building from being breached and occupied, but succeeding at protecting members of Congress, and subsequently, as reinforcements arrived, to secure the breached Capitol.

References

  1. 1 2 "2 dead, 2 hurt in U.S. Capitol shooting". CNN.com. Archived from the original on October 29, 2006. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
  2. ↑ Dwilson, Stephanie Dube (February 28, 2018). "Jacob Chestnut & John Gibson: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.
  3. ↑ Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard (2014). Killing Congress: Assassinations, Attempted Assassinations and Other Violence against Members of Congress. Lexington Books. ISBN   978-0-7391-8360-1. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
  4. ↑ Thompson, Michael Grunwald; Cheryl W. (July 26, 1998). "Weston Charged with Murder in Rampage". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on November 3, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ↑ Remembering the '98 Capitol shooting (Photos) Archived February 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine WTOP-FM
  6. 1 2 Yehle, Emily (May 7, 2008). "Weston unlikely to ever be tried". Roll Call. Washington, D.C. pp. 1, 16.
  7. 1 2 "Capitol shooting suspect was 'low-level threat' to Clinton". CNN. Archived from the original on September 13, 2005. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  8. ↑ "Gunman Shoots His Way Into Capitol; Two Officers Killed, Suspect Captured". The Washington Post. January 30, 1999. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
  9. ↑ "Attack on Capitol Hill". EmergencyNet News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  10. ↑ Clines, Francis X. (July 25, 1998). "Capitol Hill Slayings: The Overview; Gunman Invades Capitol, Killing 2 Guards". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 9, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  11. ↑ "Horrifying Capitol ordeal began with officer's execution" Archived August 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine . The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (July 26, 1998).
  12. 1 2 Yehle, Emily (April 16, 2008). "Weston Competency Hearing Set". Roll Call. Washington, D.C.: Roll Call, Inc. pp. 1, 18.
  13. ↑ "Authorizing the use of the Rotunda of the Capitol..." United States Senate. Archived from the original on July 5, 2016. Retrieved January 12, 2007.
  14. ↑ Frieden, Terry. "Weston found incompetent to stand trial for Capitol shooting". CNN. Archived from the original on February 13, 2007. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  15. ↑ "Capitol Shooter Russell Weston, Three Years Later". New York Press. Archived from the original on November 28, 2006. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  16. ↑ "2 U.S. Code § 1953". Cornell Law School. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
  17. ↑ Renzi, Rick. "Members, Capitol Police Square Off in 2006 'Longest Yard' Flag Football Game". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
  18. ↑ "Jacob Joseph Chestnut–John Michael Gibson United States Capitol Visitor Center Act of 1998 (Introduced in House)". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on July 5, 2016. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  19. ↑ "Attack Stirs Interest in Visitors Center". The Washington Post. January 30, 1999. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  20. ↑ "To rename the Document Door of the Capitol as the Chestnut-Gibson Memorial Door. (Introduced in Senate)". United States Senate. Archived from the original on August 21, 2019. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
  21. ↑ Reilly, Daniel W. (July 24, 2008). "Capitol pauses to honor slain police officers". Politico. Archived from the original on August 1, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2009.
  22. ↑ "Lying in State or in Honor". US Architect of the Capitol (AOC). Archived from the original on May 18, 2019. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  23. 1 2 "Tribute to slain Vietvet Capitol Police Officer Jacob J. Chestnut: USAF Air Police Officer (SPS), and VSPA member". Archived from the original on June 13, 2023. Retrieved April 23, 2021.
  24. ↑ Burial Detail: Chestnut, Jacob J (section 4, grave 2764-A) Archived October 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine – ANC Explorer
  25. ↑ H.R.4516 - To designate the United States Postal Service building located at 11550 Livingston Road, in Oxon Hill, Maryland, as the "Jacob Joseph Chestnut Post Office Building" Archived April 23, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (105th Congress).
  26. ↑ Burial Detail: Gibson, John M (section 28, grave 140) Archived October 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine – ANC Explorer
  27. ↑ Schmitt, Eric (July 27, 1998). "Capitol Hill slayings: The Police; Congress to Pay Tribute to Slain Officers". Newyorktimes.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2007.
  28. 1 2 "Capitol Hill Slayings: The Suspect; Man Hospitalized in '96 for Ominous Letters". Newyorktimes.com. July 26, 1998. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
  29. 1 2 3 "Before the Shootings, a String of Excesses". Washingtonpost.com. January 30, 1999. Archived from the original on October 15, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2007.
  30. ↑ "A Living Hell or a Life Saved?". Washingtonpost.com. January 23, 2001. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved December 23, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Capitol Shooter's Mind-Set Detailed". Washingtonpost.com. April 23, 1999. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Judge Rules Capitol Gunman Can Be Forced to Take Medicine". Newyorktimes.com. August 3, 2002. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2007.
  33. ↑ "Forcible Medication of Mentally Ill Criminal Defendants: The Case of Russell Eugene Weston, Jr". Stanford Law Review. 54 (4) – via JSTOR.
Honorary titles
Preceded by Persons who have lain in state or honor
in the United States Capitol rotunda
(John Gibson and Jacob Chestnut)
June 28, 1998		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.