Chief of the General Staff (United Kingdom)

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Chief of the General Staff
MinistryofDefence.svg
Chief of the General Staff.svg
Flag of the Chief of the General Staff
Patrick Sanders inspects (cropped 3-4).jpg
Incumbent
General Sir Patrick Sanders
since 13 June 2022
Ministry of Defence
British Army
AbbreviationCGS
Member of Defence Council
Army Board
Chiefs of Staff Committee
Reports to Chief of the Defence Staff
Nominator Secretary of State for Defence
Appointer The Monarch
On the advice of the Prime Minister, subject to formal approval by the King-in-Council
Term length No fixed length
Precursor Commander-in-Chief of the Forces
Formation1904, 1964
First holderSir Neville Lyttelton
Deputy Deputy Chief of the General Staff

The Chief of the General Staff (CGS) has been the title of the professional head of the British Army since 1964. The CGS is a member of both the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Army Board; he is also the Chair of the Executive Committee of the Army Board. Prior to 1964, the title was Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS). Since 1959, the post has been immediately subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff, the post held by the professional head of the British Armed Forces.

Contents

The current Chief of the General Staff is General Sir Patrick Sanders, who succeeded his predecessor, General Sir Mark Carleton-Smith, in June 2022. In 2024, he will be replaced by Lieutenant General Sir Roland Walker, who is currently serving as the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff. [1]

Responsibilities

The Chief of the General Staff (CGS) is the professional head of the Army, with responsibility for developing and generating military capability from an integrated Army (Regular and Reserve) and for maintaining the fighting effectiveness, efficiency and morale of the Service. The CGS reports to the Chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) and, as a Service COS, has a right of direct access to the Secretary of State and the Prime Minister. The CGS is a member of the Defence Council and the Army Board, the Armed Forces Committee, the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Senior Appointments Committee. Responsibile for:

Background

The title was also used for five years between the demise of the Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in 1904 and the introduction of Chief of the Imperial General Staff in 1909. The post was then held by General Sir Neville Lyttelton and, briefly, by Field Marshal Sir William Nicholson.

Throughout the existence of the post the Chief of the General Staff has been the First Military Member of the Army Board. [3]

Professional heads of the English/British Armed Forces
Royal NavyBritish ArmyRoyal Air ForceCombined
1645N/A Commander-in-Chief of the Forces (1645/60–1904, intermittently)N/A - No Air Force until 1918N/A - Inter-service co-ordination carried out from 1904 by the Committee of Imperial Defence under the chairmanship of the Prime Minister
1689 Senior Naval Lord (1689–1771)
1771 First Naval Lord (1771–1904)
1904 First Sea Lord (1904–1917) Chief of the General Staff (1904–1909)
1909 Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1909–1964)
1917 First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff (1917–present)
1918 Chief of the Air Staff (1918–present)
1923Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee (1923–1959, held by one of the service heads until 1956)
1959 Chief of the Defence Staff (1959–present)
1964 Chief of the General Staff (1964–present)

Roles

The Chief was responsible for commanding the entire British Army. During the Second World War, General Brooke focused on grand strategy, and his relationships, through the Combined Chiefs of Staff with his American counterparts. He was also responsible for the appointment and evaluation of senior commanders, allocation of manpower and equipment, and the organisation of tactical air forces in support of land operations of field commanders; he also had primary responsibility for supervising the military operations of the Free French, Polish, Dutch, Belgian, and Czech units reporting to their governments in exile in London. Brooke vigorously allocated responsibilities to his deputies, and despite the traditional historical distrust that had existed between the military and the political side of the War Office, he got along quite well with his counterpart, the Secretary of State for War, first David Margesson and later, Sir James Grigg. [4]

Appointees

The following table lists all those who have held the post of Chief of the General Staff or its preceding positions. Ranks and honours are as at the completion of their tenure:

No.PortraitNameTook officeLeft officeTime in officeRef.
Chiefs of the General Staff
1
Nlyttleton.jpg
Lyttelton, NevilleGeneral
Sir Neville Lyttelton
(1845–1931)
12 February 19042 April 19084 years, 50 days [5]
2
Nicholson-1898.jpg
Nicholson, WilliamField Marshal
Sir William Nicholson
(1845–1918)
2 April 190822 November 19091 year, 234 days [6]
Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff
2
Nicholson-1898.jpg
Nicholson, WilliamField Marshal
Sir William Nicholson
(1845–1918)
22 November 190915 March 19122 years, 114 days [7]
3
Field Marshal Sir John French (6282413701).jpg
French, JohnField Marshal
Sir John French
(1852–1925)
15 March 19126 April 19142 years, 22 days [8]
4
Cdouglas.jpg
French, JohnGeneral
Sir Charles Douglas
(1850–1914)
6 April 191425 October 1914 202 days [9]
5
James Murray Vanity Fair 4 May 1905.jpg
Murray, JamesLieutenant-General
Sir James Wolfe Murray
(1853–1919)
25 October 191426 September 19151 year, 154 days [10]
6
Murray1.jpg
Murray, ArchibaldLieutenant-General
Sir Archibald Murray
(1860–1945)
26 September 191523 December 191588 days [11]
7
SirWilliamRobertson--nsillustratedwar04londuoft.jpg
Robertson, WilliamGeneral
Sir William Robertson
(1860–1933)
23 December 191519 February 19182 years, 58 days [12]
8
Henry Hughes Wilson, British general, photo portrait standing in uniform.jpg
Wilson, HenryField Marshal
Sir Henry Wilson
(1864–1922)
19 February 191819 February 19224 years [13]
9
Earl of Cavan.jpg
Lambart, RudolphField Marshal
Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan
(1865–1946)
19 February 192219 February 19264 years [14]
10
George Francis Milne.jpg
Milne, GeorgeField Marshal
Sir George Milne
(1866–1948)
19 February 192619 February 19337 years [15]
11
Mmassingberd.jpg
Montgomery, ArchibaldField Marshal
Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd
(1871–1947)
19 February 193315 May 19363 years, 86 days [16]
12
Sir Cyril John Deverell.jpg
Deverell, CyrilField Marshal
Sir Cyril Deverell
(1874–1947)
15 May 19366 December 19371 year, 205 days [17]
13
John Gort at Arras WWII IWM O 177.jpg
Vereker, JohnGeneral
John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort
(1886–1946)
6 December 19373 September 19391 year, 271 days [18]
14
Edmund Ironside.jpg
Ironside, EdmundGeneral
Sir Edmund Ironside
(1880–1959)
4 September 193926 May 1940266 days [19]
15
The British Army in North Africa, 1941 E2384E.jpg
Dill, JohnField Marshal
Sir John Dill
(1881–1944)
26 May 194025 December 19411 year, 213 days [20]
16
1st Viscount Alanbrooke 1947.jpg
Brooke, AlanField Marshal
Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke
(1883–1963)
25 December 194125 June 19464 years, 182 days [21]
17
Bernard Law Montgomery.jpg
Montgomery, BernardField Marshal
Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
(1887–1976)
26 June 19461 November 19482 years, 129 days [21] [22]
18
William Slim, 1950.jpg
Slim, WilliamField Marshal
Sir William Slim
(1891–1970)
1 November 19481 November 19524 years [23]
19
Jharding.jpg
Harding, JohnField Marshal
Sir John Harding
(1896–1989)
1 November 195229 September 19552 years, 332 days [24]
20
Sir gerald templer.gif
Templer, GeraldField Marshal
Sir Gerald Templer
(1898–1979)
29 September 195529 September 19583 years [25]
21
Ffesting.jpg
Festing, FrancisField Marshal
Sir Francis Festing
(1902–1976)
29 September 19581 November 19613 years, 33 days [26]
22
General Sir Richard Hull speaks to officers (cropped).jpg
Hull, RichardGeneral
Sir Richard Hull
(1902–1989)
1 November 1961April 19642 years, 5 months [27] [28] [29]
Chiefs of the General Staff
22
General Sir Richard Hull speaks to officers (cropped).jpg
Hull, RichardField Marshal
Sir Richard Hull
(1902–1989)
[lower-alpha 1]
April 19648 February 196510 months-
23
No image.png
Cassels, JamesGeneral
Sir James Cassels
(1907–1996)
8 February 19651 March 19683 years, 22 days [28]
24
No image.png
Baker, GeoffreyGeneral
Sir Geoffrey Baker
(1912–1980)
[lower-alpha 2]
1 March 19681 April 19713 years, 31 days [30] [31] [32]
25
No image.png
Carver, MichaelField Marshal
Sir Michael Carver
(1915–2001)
[lower-alpha 1]
1 April 197119 July 19732 years, 109 days [33] [31]
26
No image.png
Hunt, PeterGeneral
Sir Peter Hunt
(1916–1988)
[lower-alpha 2]
19 July 197315 July 19762 years, 362 days [34] [35]
27
No image.png
Gibbs, RolandGeneral
Sir Roland Gibbs
(1921–2004)
[lower-alpha 2]
15 July 197614 July 19792 years, 364 days [36] [37]
28
Field Marshal Bramall (cropped).jpg
Bramall, EdwinField Marshal
Sir Edwin Bramall
(1923–2019)
[lower-alpha 1]
14 July 19791 August 19823 years, 18 days [38] [39] [40]
29
No image.png
Stanier, JohnGeneral
Sir John Stanier
(1925–2007)
[lower-alpha 2]
1 August 198228 July 19852 years, 361 days [35] [41] [42]
30
No image.png
Bagnall, NigelGeneral
Sir Nigel Bagnall
(1927–2002)
28 July 198510 September 19883 years, 44 days [43]
31
No image.png
Chapple, JohnGeneral
Sir John Chapple
(1931–2022)
10 September 198814 February 19923 years, 157 days [44]
32
Field Marshal Sir Peter Inge KG, GCB.JPG
Inge, PeterGeneral
Sir Peter Inge
(1935–2022)
[lower-alpha 1] [lower-alpha 2]
14 February 199215 March 19942 years, 29 days [35] [45] [46]
33
General Guthrie.jpg
Guthrie, CharlesGeneral
Sir Charles Guthrie
(born 1938)
[lower-alpha 1]
15 March 19943 February 19972 years, 325 days [46] [47]
34
Blank.png
Wheeler, RogerGeneral
Sir Roger Wheeler
(born 1941)
[lower-alpha 2]
3 February 199717 April 20003 years, 74 days [48] [49]
35
General Sir Michael Walker.JPG
Walker, MichaelGeneral
Sir Michael Walker
(born 1944)
[lower-alpha 1]
17 April 20001 February 20032 years, 290 days [50] [51] [52]
36
Mike Jackson 2.jpg
Jackson, MikeGeneral
Sir Mike Jackson
(born 1944)
1 February 200329 August 20063 years, 209 days [53]
37
General Sir Francis Richard Dannatt, KCB, CBE, MC - York 2007-09-22 (RLH).jpg
Dannatt, RichardGeneral
Sir Richard Dannatt
(born 1950)
[lower-alpha 2]
29 August 200628 August 20092 years, 364 days [54] [55]
38
Gen. Sir David Richards at NATO Summit in Chicago May 20, 2012.jpg
Richards, DavidGeneral
Sir David Richards
(born 1952)
[lower-alpha 1]
28 August 200915 September 20101 year, 18 days [56] [57]
39
General Sir Peter Wall in No 1 uniform (cropped).jpg
Wall, PeterGeneral
Sir Peter Wall
(born 1955)
15 September 20105 September 20143 years, 355 days [58]
40
Army (British Army) General Sir Nicholas Carter (US Army photo 180514-A-IW468-223).jpg
Carter, NickGeneral
Sir Nick Carter
(born 1959)
[lower-alpha 1]
5 September 201411 June 20183 years, 279 days [59]
41
Chief of the General Staff inspects the new Gurkhas (cropped).jpg
Carleton, MarkGeneral
Sir Mark Carleton-Smith
(born 1964)
11 June 201813 June 20224 years, 2 days [60]
42
Patrick Sanders inspects (cropped).jpg
Sanders, PatrickGeneral
Sir Patrick Sanders
(born 1966)
13 June 2022Incumbent1 year, 210 days [61]

See also

Notes

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Bibliography