Singapore Army

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Singapore Army
Tentera Singapura (Malay)
新加坡陆军 (Chinese)
சிங்கப்பூர் தரைப்படை (Tamil)
Crest of Singapore Army.svg
Crest of the Singapore Army
Founded12 March 1957;67 years ago (1957-03-12)
CountryFlag of Singapore.svg  Singapore
Type Army
Role Land warfare
Size40,000 active personnel [1]
240,000 reserve personnel [1]
Part of Singapore Armed Forces
Motto(s)'Ready, Decisive, Respected'
MarchTentera Singapura
Equipment See list
Engagements
Website Official website
Commanders
President of Singapore Tharman Shanmugaratnam
Minister for Defence Ng Eng Hen [6]
Chief of Defence Force VADM Aaron Beng [6]
Chief of Army MG David Neo [7] [6]
Chief of Staff – General Staff BG Tan Cheng Kwee [7]
Sergeant Major of the Army CWO Sanjee Singh [7] [6]
Insignia
Flag Singapore Army service flag.svg
Logo Our Singapore Army logo.jpg

The Singapore Army is the land service branch of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF). The largest of the four branches of the SAF, the Singapore Army traces its origins to the 1st Battalion, Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR), which was formed in 1957, when Singapore was still under British colonial rule. After Singapore's independence on 9 August 1965, the Singapore Army Bill was passed in Parliament on 23 December 1965, and National Service (NS) was subsequently introduced in 1967. [8] Mostly made up of conscripts, the Singapore Army can mobilise all operationally-ready military reservists in the event of war or national exigencies.

Contents

Mission

The mission of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is to deter armed aggression, and to secure a swift and decisive victory should deterrence fail. The Army is also tasked with conducting peace-time operations to further Singapore's national interests and foreign policy. These range from disaster relief to peacekeeping, hostage rescue and other contingencies. [9]

The Army views technology as a force-multiplier and a means to sustain combat power given Singapore's population constraints. Jointness across four branches of the SAF is integral to the Army's warfighting doctrine. Joint operations undertaken with the Navy and Air Force include amphibious landings and critical disaster relief operations in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

The Army has a technically proficient, relatively well-educated draftee pool and officer corps (non-commissioned and commissioned) reflective of the population at large, and has sought to leverage this to ease its transition into a more sophisticated, networked fighting force. [10]

Combat readiness is a linchpin of Army policy, and military exercises up to divisional level are conducted many times yearly, simulating full-spectrum operations, up to and including full-scale war. Divisional war games are a combined arms, tri-service affair involving the Navy and Air Force. Because training space is limited in Singapore—artillery fire would quickly traverse the island—some military exercises are conducted overseas. Reservists periodically [11] train abroad, their units regularly evaluated for combat readiness. [10] The Army also trains bilaterally with some host nations, and military exchanges are frequent. Training is billed as "tough, realistic and safe," with a premium on safety, given the sensitivity of military deaths in a largely conscript army. [9]

Following the revolution in military affairs, and in tandem with modernising its weapons systems, the Army is forging a transition to a more network-centric fighting doctrine that better integrates the Air Force and Navy. [12]

History

The Singapore Army originated with two infantry battalions, the 1st and 2nd Battalions, Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR and 2 SIR), which were respectively formed in 1957 and 1962 when Singapore was still a British colony. After a merger with Malaysia which resulted in separation in 1965, Singapore passed the Singapore Army Bill in Parliament on 23 December 1965 and gained complete control of the two battalions from Malaysia in January 1966. [8] [13] At the time, the Singapore Army had only the two infantry battalions and the old Singapore Volunteer Artillery Corps. Months later, the Army had a reserve force, the People's Defence Force, which was formed from an old volunteer unit mobilised for service during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation. A third battalion, the 10th Battalion, People's Defence Force (10 PDF), was raised as a volunteer infantry reserve battalion.[ citation needed ]

In 1967, Parliament passed the National Service (Amendment) Act, introducing National Service (conscription) for all able-bodied young men aged 18 and above. In June 1967, the Singapore Army introduced its first artillery battalion, the 20th Singapore Artillery Battalion (20 SAB). Two new infantry battalions, the 3rd and 4th Battalions, Singapore Infantry Regiment (3 SIR and 4 SIR) were formed in August 1967. In November 1968, the Singapore Army's first armoured battalion, 41st Battalion, Singapore Armoured Regiment (41 SAR), was formed. This was followed by the creation of the 1st Commando Battalion (1 Cdo Bn) in December 1969. [8]

In 1972, Parliament passed the Singapore Armed Forces Act to reorganise and consolidate the Singapore Armed Forces' disparate commands and administrative functions. [14] [15]

The emblem's escutcheon reads "Tentera Singapura" (meaning "Singapore Army" in Malay). The national coat of arms sits in its interior. The motto is "Yang Pertama Dan Utama" ("first and foremost" in Malay). Two stalks of laurel flank the escutcheon. The laurels are green for the Singapore Army and gold for the Singapore Armed Forces.

Operations

The Singapore Army has participated in peacekeeping operations overseas. In the aftermath of the Gulf War, Singapore contributed to the United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM) formed in 1991. From May 2007 to June 2013, the Singapore Army deployed about 500 personnel to join the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in maintaining stability and assist in reconstruction in war-torn Afghanistan. [16] Since 2014, the Singapore Army has provided logistical support to the international coalition in the War against the Islamic State. [17]

List of chiefs of Army

Years in officeNameVocation
1990Boey Tak Hap[ citation needed ]
1990–1992 Ng Jui Ping Artillery
1992–1995 Lim Neo Chian Combat Engineers
1995–1998Han Eng Juan Armour [ citation needed ]
1998–2000 Lim Chuan Poh Infantry
2000–2003 Ng Yat Chung Artillery
2003–2007 Desmond Kuek Armour
2007–2010 Neo Kian Hong Guards
2010–2011 Chan Chun Sing Infantry
2011–2014 Ravinder Singh Signals
2014–2015 Perry Lim Guards
2015–2018 Melvyn Ong Guards [18]
2018–2022 Goh Si Hou Artillery [19] [20]
2022–present David Neo Commandos [21]

Organisation

Singapore Army
Flag of Singapore.svg
Components
Organisation
History and Traditions
Military history of Singapore
Equipment
Weapons of the Singapore Army
Personnel
Singapore Armed Forces ranks

The Army is headed by the Chief of Army, [22] who is assisted by the Chief of Staff – General Staff [23] and the Sergeant Major of the Army. The General Staff consists of six branches from G1 to G6, as well as a National Service Affairs Department handling National Service issues, and an Army Safety Inspectorate. The six branches handle issues relating to personnel (G1), intelligence (G2), operations (G3), logistics (G4), plans (G5) and training (G6). The G1, G2, G3, G5, and G6 branches are each headed by an Assistant Chief of General Staff. Among the General Staff, there is also a Chief Systems Integration Officer and a Head of the Army Information Centre. [7]

The commanders of Training & Doctrine Command (TRADOC), Combat Service Support (CSS), the four main divisions, the two operational reserve divisions, the 15 formations of the Army, and the SAF Volunteer Corps also report to the Chief of Army. [24] [25] [26] [7]

Divisions

The Army has six divisions, of which three are combined arms divisions, one is in charge of counter-terrorism and homeland security, and two are army operational reserves (AOR). [7]

The three combined arms divisions are the 3rd Division (3 DIV), 6th Division (6 DIV) and 9th Division (9 DIV), [27] [28] each of which has active and reserve units that are operationally ready and capable of being mobilised in the event of war. [11]

The 2nd People's Defence Force (2 PDF) is in charge of counter-terrorism and homeland security, including the protection of key military and civilian installations around Singapore. It is also responsible for the coordination and secondment of military resources to civilian agencies in the event of a civil emergency. [29]

The two AOR divisions are the 21st Division (21 DIV) [30] and 25th Division (25 DIV). [30] [7]

Formations

The Army has 15 formations: Ammunition Command, Armour, [31] Army Intelligence, Army Medical Services, Artillery, [32] Combat Engineers, Commandos, Guards, Infantry, Maintenance and Engineering Support, Military Police Command, Personnel Command, Signals, Supply, and Transport. [7]

Task forces

The Army has task forces such as the Island Defence Task Force (IDTF), Joint Task Force (JTF), Special Operations Task Force (SOTF) [7] and the Army Deployment Force (ADF). [33]

Equipment

Camps and bases

See also

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References

Notes
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  28. See also , and Huxley, Defending the Lion City, 2000, pp. 123–126
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Bibliography
Further reading