Cigarette card

"Tobacco card" redirects here. For the Japanese smart card, see Taspo.

A Gros Ventre Chief featured on an Allen & Ginter card, 1888
Type	Collectible card Cigarette advertising
Inventor(s)	Tobacco manufacturers
Availability	1875–1940s
Materials	Cardboard
Features	Various topics (including sports, art, vehicles, geography, dressing, history, among others)

Cigarette cards are trading cards issued by tobacco manufacturers to stiffen cigarette packaging and advertise cigarette brands.

Between 1875 and the 1940s, cigarette companies often included collectible cards with their packages of cigarettes. Cigarette card sets document popular culture from the turn of the century, often depicting the period's actresses, costumes, and sports, as well as offering insights into mainstream humour and cultural norms. ^[1]

History

Beginning in 1879, cards depicting actresses, baseball players, Native American chiefs, boxers, national flags, or wild animals were issued by the U.S.-based Allen & Ginter tobacco company. These are considered to be some of the first cigarette cards. ^[2] Other tobacco companies such as Goodwin & Co. soon followed suit. They first emerged in the U.S., then the UK, then, eventually, in many other countries.

Daisy Greville featured on a Player's card, c. 1890

In the UK, W.D. & H.O. Wills in 1887 were one of the first companies to include advertising cards with their cigarettes, but it was John Player & Sons in 1893 that produced one of the first general interest sets 'Castles and Abbeys'.

English footballer Walter Bull depicted on an Ogden's card, c. 1906

Walter Smaill illustration on an Imperial Tobacco Canada card, c. 1910

An original Taddy's Clowns and Circus Artistes card

Thomas Ogden of Liverpool soon followed in 1894 and in 1895, Wills produced their first set 'Ships and Sailors'. In 1896 Wills produced the first set in the United Kingdom with a sporting theme called 'Cricketers'. ^[3] In 1906, Ogden's produced a set of association football cards depicting footballers in their club colours, in one of the first full-colour sets.

Each set of cards typically consisted of 25 or 50 related subjects, but series of over 100 cards per issue are known. Popular themes were 'beauties' (famous actresses, film stars and models), sporters (in the U.S. mainly baseball, in the rest of the world mainly football and cricket), nature, military heroes and uniforms, heraldry, ^[4] locomotives, and city views.

Imperial Tobacco Canada manufactured the first ice hockey cards ever for the inaugural NHL season. There were a total of 36 cards in the set, each one featured an illustration of a player. ^[5] After World War I, only one more cigarette set was issued, during 1924–25.

Today, for example, sports and military historians study these cards for details on uniform design. ^[6]

Some very early cigarette cards were printed on silk which was then attached to a paper backing. They were discontinued in order to save paper during World War II, and never fully reintroduced thereafter.

Doral, an R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company brand, started printing cigarette cards in the year 2000. These were the first cigarette cards from a major manufacturer since the 1940s, ^[7] although the small company Carreras in the UK issued cigarette cards with Turf brand cigarettes for a short period in the 1950s and 1960s, Black Cat brand in 1976. ^{[8] [9]} Furthermore, card-like coupons with special offers have often been included in cigarette packets over the years.

The first set of "Doral Celebrate America" cards featured the 50 states in two releases, 2000 and 2001. Later themes include American festivals, cars, national parks, and 20th century events.

Natural American Spirit, another R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company brand, also includes cigarette cards on their packs, with information on such things as windpower, diversity, and their farmers.

Philip Morris USA started including "Information For Smokers" cigarette cards in certain packs. One provides information on quitting smoking and the other states that "Light, "Ultra Light", "Mild", "Medium", and "Low Tar" cigarettes are just as harmful as "Full Flavor" ones.

Classification and cataloguing

The system devised to codify 19th Century American tobacco issues has its origin in the 'American Card Catalog' (ACC), written by Jefferson Burdick. Burdick listed the American Tobacco cards in one section, broken down by companies that issued the card series and by the types of cards. The 19th Century issues were prefixed with 'N' (N1-N694) and the 20th with 'T'. (T1-T235). ^[10]

The World Tobacco Index (WTI)

The World Tobacco Index (WTI), published by the Cartophilic Society of Great Britain (CSGB), ^[11] lists all known tobacco issues from around the world and is still being updated today on reports of new finds. Using a similar alphanumeric system, it assigns a code based on the name of manufacturer, rather than the century in which the cards were issued. For example, Burdick's N2 'Celebrated American Indian Chiefs' by Allen & Ginter is listed as A400-030 (a), with the larger N42 series listed as A400-030 (b). ^[12]

Sports cigarette cards

The following list focuses on the sports-only cards manufactured by tobacco companies:

(Sports only) cigarette cards

Manufacturer [n 1]	Assoc. foot.	Aus foot.	Baseb.	Boxing	Cricket	Golf	Horse rac.	Hockey/ Lacrosse	Rugby	Tennis
Allen & Ginter [n 2]	No	No	Yes [n 3]	Yes [n 3]	No	No	No	No	No	Yes [n 3]
American Tobacco [n 4]	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
British American Tobacco [n 5]	Yes	No	No	Yes [n 3]	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
D. Buchner	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Churchman	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes
Cohen Weenen [13]	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Gallaher [n 6]	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Godfrey Phillips	Yes	Yes [n 7]	No	Yes [n 3]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Goodwin & Co. [n 2]	No	No	Yes	Yes [n 3]	No	No	No	No	No	No
Imperial Tobacco Canada [n 8]	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
John Player & Sons [n 9]	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes
W.S. Kimball & Co. [n 2]	No	No	Yes [n 3]	Yes [n 3]	No	No	Yes [n 3]	No	No	No
Lambert & Butler	Yes	No	No	No	Yes [n 3]	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes [n 3]
Lorillard	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
Ogden's [15]	Yes	No	No	Yes [n 3]	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes [n 3]
J J Schuh Tobacco Co	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Sniders & Abrahams	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
James Taddy & Co. [16]	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
W.D. & H.O. Wills [n 10] [n 9]	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No

Notes

1. The list include only manufacturing companies and not their individual brands.
2. Merged to form American Tobacco in 1890. The "W. Duke & Sons" company was part of the group but did not include sports figures into their card sets.
3. As part of various sports sets, not as individual collections.
4. American Tobacco was formed by 5 companies: W. Duke & Sons, Allen & Ginter, W.S. Kimball & Company, Kinney Tobacco, and Goodwin & Company. It commercialised cards through its brands Fatima, Hassan, Meca, Obak, among others.
5. Formed in 1902, when the UK Imperial Tobacco and the US' American Tobacco agreed to form a joint venture.
6. Founded by Thomas Gallaher in Belfast, the company became the largest independent buyer of tobacco in the world. It owned the Benson & Hedges brand. Gallaher was acquired by American Tobacco in 1974, and the factory closed in 1988. Japan Tobacco acquired Gallaher in 2007. ^[14]
7. Only traded in Australia.
8. Canadian subsidiary of British Imperial Tobacco, commercialised its ice hockey cards only in that territory.
9. Merged to form Imperial Tobacco in 1901.
10. Also commercialising through its brand Capstan.

Association football

Ogden's Limited of Liverpool produced cigarette cards featuring football fron 1894 which were included with their Guinea Gold brand until 1901. They were later included with their Tabs brand from 1901 to 1903. ^[17]

In 1896 Marcus & Company of Manchester produced the first football set called Footballers & Club Colours. ^[3] In 1902 W.D. & H.O. Wills produced a set of football-related cards called the Football Series with 66 cards featuring advertising for their Wild Woodbine and Cinderella brands. William Clarke & Sons of Liverpool later issued the same set but with a short biography for the player on each one. ^[17]

In 1906, Ogden's produced a set depicting footballers in their club colours, in one of the first full-colour sets. ^[3]

Wills issued a 50-card set for the Indian market in 1907 with their Scissors brand, called Football Team Colours. Further sets were issued overseas by Wills in 1910 and 1914. ^[17]

Wills produced further sets in 1935 and 1939. ^[3]

Cricket

See also: List of cricketers in Wills' Cigarettes Cricketers, 1928

Wills produced a set called 'Cricketers' in 1896 and released others sets in 1901, 1908, 1909, 1910 and 1928. ^[3]

Other cigarette cards

Another notable and sought-after set of cards is the untitled series issued by Taddy and known by collectors as "Clowns and Circus Artistes". While not the rarest cards in existence (there are a number of series in which only one known example remains), they are still very rare and command high prices whenever they come up for auction. The T206 Ty Cobb is another example of a notably rare cigarette card. ^[18]

The Mecca cigarette trading card for George Sutton is also notable for it depicts him with hands. Sutton was known as "the handless billiard player" ^[19] for mastering the game with such a handicap.

Apart from these examples, there are also cigarette cards that do not focus on people, but on cities or flags.

• 
  Smyrna, from the City Flags series (N6) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands (1887)
• 
  Flag of Smyrna (İzmir) pictured on the „Flags of all nations series 150 designs“
• 
  Flag of Bavaria

Legacy

The largest cigarette card collection on record is that of Edward Wharton-Tigar. His collection, bequeathed to the British Museum following his death in 1995, is recognised by the Guinness Book of Records as the largest collection of its kind. His autobiography, Burning Bright, details both his obsession with collecting cigarette cards, as well as his business life, which included becoming President of Selection Trust – at the time, one of the largest mining companies in the world – as well as his lifelong passion for cricket, which culminated in his presidency of Kent Cricket Club. When asked what others thought of his collecting he said: "If to collect cigarette cards is a sign of eccentricity, how then will posterity judge one who amassed the biggest collection in the world? Frankly, I care not." ^[20]

He was the president of the Cartophilic Society of Great Britain until his death in 1995.

World record price

The most valuable cigarette card in the world features Honus Wagner, one of the great names in U.S. baseball at the turn of the 20th century. The T206 Honus Wagner has repeatedly set records at auction, most recently in 2016 when it sold for $3,120,000. ^[21] Wagner was a dedicated non-smoker and objected when America's biggest tobacco corporation planned to picture him on a cigarette card without his permission. ^[22] Threats of legal action prevented its release, but a few slipped out, and it was one of these that stunned the collecting world when it was auctioned.

Gallery

• 
  Actress Georgia Cayvan, c. 1882
• 
  Bill East, English oarsman, c. 1885
• 
  King Kelly (Goodwin & Company Cigarettes 1888)
• 
  Maurice Daly, US billiards champion, 1888
• 
  Chief Gall (Allen & Ginter, 1888)
• 
  Amy Coleridge, before 1900
• 
  Actress, Blanche Bates, 1901
• 
  Former Australian cricket captain, Joe Darling, early 1900s
• 
  Ambrose McConnell (American Tobacco, 1911)
• 
  Reformer A.C. of Argentina, Cigarrillos Monterrey, 1911
• 
  Sprague Cleghorn (Imperial Tobacco, c. 1911–12)
• 
  How to Hold Pets (Ogden's Cigarettes 1903–1917)
• 
  Boy Scout (Ogden's Cigarettes 1903–1917)
• 
  A 1910 artist's rendition of Jack Hobens (Mecca cigarettes)
• 
  A 1910 card showing pro golfer George Low Sr. (Mecca cigarettes)
• 
  Victoria Cross recipient Alexander Stewart Burton, c. 1915 (Gallaher Cigarettes)
• 
  John L. Sullivan (Allen & Ginter's Cigarettes), 1888–1889
• 
  Richard Tauber, Film, stage and radio stars (1932)
• 
  Australian batsman, Donald Bradman on a cigarette card distributed during the 1934 Ashes series
• 
  de Havilland Comet (Player's Cigarettes 1935)
• 
  George H. Sutton (Mecca cigarettes)
• 
  Tommy Weston, Champion Jockey 1926, by Gallaher Cigarettes 1936
• 
  Lord Lonsdale's racing colours by E & W Anstie 1922
• 
  Shire Highlands Railway, Nyasaland Protectorate locomotive by Lambert & Butler's "World's Locomotives"
• 
  Jerry Abershawe from Pirates and Highwaymen series (Lambert & Butler)
• 
  Fred Darling and Lord Woolavington's racing colours from Trainers And Owners Colours by Ogden's 1925

References

1. W. Duke, Sons & Co. Advertising Materials, 1880-1910 on Duke University Digital Library
2. Shaw, James A. "Allen & Ginter's champions". Archived from the original on 2006-04-05. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
3. The History of Football Cigarette Cards by John Simkin, on Spartacus Educational, September 1997
4. Heraldic cigarette and tobacco cards
5. History of Hockey Cards on Starr Cards website
6. Backcheck: A Hockey Retrospective Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine at Library and Archives Canada
7. "Doral Revives Collector Cards with Purchase". Brandweek . 2001-01-15. Archived from the original on 2005-07-19. Retrieved 2006-06-21.
8. Franklyn Cards: A brief history of cigarette cards Archived March 22, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
9. Catalogues, for example: Murray Cards (International). Catalogue of Cigarette & Other Trade Cards. 3.ed. (1981)
10. Forbes, R and Mitchell, T, (1999) 'American Tobacco Cards: Price Guide and Checklist', Virginia: Tuff Stuff Books
11. The Cartophilic Society of Great Britain (2000) 'The (New) World Tobacco Issues Index: Part 1', London: The Cartophilic Society of Gt. Britain Ltd.
12. "Cartophilic Society (CSGB)". Archived from the original on 2002-10-22. Retrieved 2002-10-22.
13. Cohen Weenen cards on Spartacus Educational
14. Up to smoke: a history of Gallaher on Let's Look Again, 25 Feb 2016
15. Ogden's cigarette cards on Spartacus Educational
16. James Tadddy cigarette cards on Spartacus Educational
17. Smith, Steve (6 August 2011). Red Alert (Bristol City v Ipswich Town). p. 67.
18. Victor, Daniel (2016-03-07). "Ty Cobb Baseball Card Trove Reignites Dreams of Shoebox Jackpots". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-02-08.
19. "Sutton plays fine billiards; Handless Player's Remarkable Work Against Expert Thomas Gallagher. New York Times". The New York Times. 1903-03-17.
20. Wharton-Tigar, E. (1987) Burning Bright: The Autobiography of Edward Wharton-Tigar, London: Metal Bulletin Books, p.254
21. Cracknell, Ryan. "World Record $3.12 Million for T206 Honus Wagner Baseball Card". Beckett. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
22. Davis, Ralph S. (1912-10-21). "Wagner A Wonder: One Player In Game Who Is Not Money Mad" (PDF). The Sporting News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-19.

External links

• Leonard Brecher Tobacco & Chewing Gum Card Collection at the University of Louisville Art Library
• Cigarette and Trade Card Valuation Archived 2013-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
• Cigarette Cards: ABCs, at the New York Public Library Digital Gallery
• Catalogue of heraldic tobacco and trading cards
• Duke Tobacco Company Cigarette Cards, at the Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University
• LCCC Valuing Cigarette and Trade Cards The London Cigarette Card Co. Ltd - The UK's largest supplier of cigarette, Trading cards including sport, military and modern day cards over 50 million in stock .
• The Cartophilic Society of Great Britain