Horseshoe Valley (Antarctica)

Last updated
The Horseshoe Valley Horseshoe Valley.jpg
The Horseshoe Valley

Horseshoe Valley is a large ice-filled valley in the southern Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains of Antarctica. It is outlined by the semicircular arrangement of the Independence, Marble, Liberty and Enterprise Hills. Approval of the descriptive name was suggested by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, who reported the name was in wide use by U.S. Navy flyers in the area. [1]

Heritage Range mountain range

The Heritage Range is a major mountain range, 160 km (99 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide, situated southward of Minnesota Glacier and forming the southern half of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The range is complex, consisting of scattered ridges and peaks of moderate height, escarpments, hills and nunataks, with the various units of relief set off by numerous intervening glaciers.

Ellsworth Mountains highest mountain ranges in Antarctica

The Ellsworth Mountains are the highest mountain ranges in Antarctica, forming a 360 km (224 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide chain of mountains in a north to south configuration on the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf in Marie Byrd Land. They are bisected by Minnesota Glacier to form the Sentinel Range to the north and the Heritage Range to the south. The former is by far the higher and more spectacular with Mount Vinson (4,892 m) constituting the highest point on the continent. Geologically, they are part of the Antarctandes which stretch from the Antarctic Peninsula to Cape Adare on the western shore of the Ross Sea. The Antarctandes form the southernmost arc of the Pacific 'Ring of Fire'. The mountains are located within the Chilean Antarctic territorial claim but outside of the Argentinian and British ones.

Antarctica Polar continent in the Earths southern hemisphere

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent. It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,200,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.

Related Research Articles

Queen Elizabeth Range (Antarctica) mountain range in Antarctica

The Queen Elizabeth Range is a rugged mountain range of the Transantarctic Mountains System, located in the Ross Dependency region of Antarctica.

Minnesota Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Minnesota Glacier is a broad glacier, about 40 nautical miles long and 5 nautical miles wide, flowing east through the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, separating the Sentinel Range and the Heritage Range. It is nourished by ice from the plateau west of the mountains and by Nimitz Glacier and Splettstoesser Glacier, and merges into the larger Rutford Ice Stream at the eastern margin of the Ellsworth Mountains.

Ellsworth Land

Ellsworth Land is that portion of the Antarctic continent bounded on the west by Marie Byrd Land, on the north by Bellingshausen Sea, on the northeast by the base of Antarctic Peninsula, and on the east by the western margin of Ronne Ice Shelf. It extends between 103°24'W and 79°45'W. The area west of 90°W is unclaimed, the area between 84°W and 90°W is claimed by Chile only, and the remainder by Chile and the United Kingdom as a part of the British Antarctic Territory. Eights Coast stretches between 103°24'W and 89°35'W, and Bryan Coast between 89°35'W and 79°45'W.

Jaburg Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Jaburg Glacier is a broad glacier draining westward between the Dufek Massif and the Cordiner Peaks in the Pensacola Mountains of Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66. The glacier was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Lieutenant Conrad J. Jaburg, U.S. Navy, a helicopter pilot with the Ellsworth Station winter party, 1957.

Enchanted Valley is a small snow-filled valley between Walker Peak and Hannah Peak in the southwest end of the Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains. The name describes the scenic beauty of the valley and was applied by the United States – International Geophysical Year party from Ellsworth Station that visited the valley in December 1957.

Areta Rock is a rock 3 nautical miles (6 km) southeast of Mount Spann in the Panzarini Hills portion of the Argentina Range of the Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–67, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Eduardo Ferrin Areta, an Argentine officer in charge at Ellsworth Station, winter 1961.

The Enterprise Hills are a prominent group of largely ice-free hills and peaks in the form of an arc. The feature extends for about 30 nautical miles (60 km) to form the north and northeast boundary of Horseshoe Valley in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains. These hills were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66; the name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with the name Heritage Range.

Craddock Crags are steep, rugged rock summits that rise to about 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) just east of Beitzel Peak in the Marble Hills, Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. They were named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (2004) after John P. Craddock, a geologist who was a member of a United States Antarctic Research Program 1979–80 Ellsworth Mountains expedition.

Davis Valley is an ice-free valley just east of Forlidas Ridge in north-east Dufek Massif, in the Pensacola Mountains of Queen Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos in 1956–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Edward H. Davis, a construction mechanic with the Ellsworth Station winter party, 1957.

Mount Dougherty is a mountain, 2,790 metres (9,150 ft) high, between Mount Sandved and Mount Cara on the main north-south ridge in the northern part of the Queen Elizabeth Range. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from tellurometer surveys and Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Ellsworth C. Dougherty, a United States Antarctic Research Program biologist at McMurdo Sound, 1959–60 and 1961–62.

The Douglas Peaks are the group of peaks standing south of Plummer Glacier in the southeast extremity of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. They were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, for Lieutenant Commander John Douglas, a U.S. Navy LC-47 Dakota pilot who flew to the area to evacuate one of the party for emergency appendectomy.

The Ellsworth Subglacial Highlands are a line of subglacial highlands in West Antarctica that extend west-southwest from the central Ellsworth Mountains to the vicinity of Mount Moore and Mount Woollard.

Mount Mohl

Mount Mohl is a mountain, 3,710 metres (12,170 ft) high, at the east side of Vinson Massif, surmounting the ridge between the heads of Dater Glacier and Thomas Glacier, in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is connected to Doyran Heights to the northeast by Goreme Col.

Forlidas Pond is a round frozen pond, 100 metres (110 yd) in diameter, lying in a morainal valley east of the north end of Forlidas Ridge, Dufek Massif, Queen Elizabeth Land, Antarctica. The only pond in the northern Pensacola Mountains, it is of much interest to biologists. The pond was discovered and briefly investigated in December 1957 by a United States – International Geophysical Year party from Ellsworth Station. The name is in association with Forlidas Ridge and was suggested by Arthur B. Ford of the United States Geological Survey following geological work in the area, 1978–79.

Forlidas Ridge is a rock ridge that forms the west side of Davis Valley in the Dufek Massif, Pensacola Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Charles W. Forlidas, a radioman with the Ellsworth Station winter party, 1957.

'Fatima namagari' is a distinctive rock peak at the northwest end of the Marble Hills in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party of 1962–63 because the peak resembles a minaret.

Mount Hubley (Antarctica)

Mount Hubley is a prominent, snow-covered, outlying mountain to the west of Mount Hale, in the Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. It was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1957–59, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Richard C. Hubley, a member of the Technical Panel on Glaciology in the U.S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year.

High Nunatak is an isolated nunatak 4 nautical miles (7 km) east of the Liberty Hills in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Elmer High, a helicopter crew chief with the 62nd Transportation Detachment, who assisted the University of Minnesota geological party in this area in 1963–64.

The Marble Hills are a group of mainly ice-free hills in West Antarctica. They are located on the west side of Horseshoe Valley, between the Liberty Hills and Independence Hills in the southern part of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. The hills were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, because the rocks in these hills are composed of marble.

Liberty Hills (Antarctica)

The Liberty Hills are a line of rugged hills and peaks with bare rock eastern slopes, about 10 nautical miles (19 km) long, standing 7 nautical miles (13 km) northwest of the Marble Hills and forming part of the west wall of Horseshoe Valley, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. The Liberty Hills were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961–66. The name was applied by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names in association with the name Heritage Range. The remarkable High Nunatak towers east of the Hills.

References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates  public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document "Horseshoe Valley" (content from the Geographic Names Information System ).

United States Geological Survey Scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Geographic Names Information System geographical database

The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

Coordinates: 80°5′S82°0′W / 80.083°S 82.000°W / -80.083; -82.000

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.